PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY

HISTORICAL PERIODS OF HISTORICAL PERIODS OF PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY

Ancient Philosophy Ancient Philosophy

Asked questions concerned with Asked questions concerned with nature, the origins of the nature, the origins of the universe, and mans place in it.universe, and mans place in it.

SocratesSocrates WorldWorld’’s most famous s most famous philosopherphilosopher

Studied physics and Studied physics and credited with inventing credited with inventing the field of the field of ““MetaphysicsMetaphysics””

Felt a person should Felt a person should never disobey the never disobey the government, no matter if government, no matter if they were wrong or not.they were wrong or not.

Socratic QuotesSocratic Quotes

““The unexamined life is The unexamined life is not worth livingnot worth living””

““Knowledge is VirtueKnowledge is Virtue””

““He knows nothing He knows nothing except that he knows except that he knows nothingnothing””

PlatoPlato

Believed dialogue was the Believed dialogue was the only way to discover the only way to discover the truth or to examine an ideatruth or to examine an idea

Wrote all we know about Wrote all we know about Socrates todaySocrates today

Concerned himself with the Concerned himself with the best form of government best form of government (believed in Aristocracy or (believed in Aristocracy or ““rule by the bestrule by the best””))

AristotleAristotle

Student of Plato and Student of Plato and last of the Ancient last of the Ancient Greek PhilosophersGreek Philosophers

Teacher of Alexander the Teacher of Alexander the Great Great

AristotleAristotle

Developed Developed ““Inductive Reasoning,Inductive Reasoning,”” the foundation of the the foundation of the scientific method…believed in scientific method…believed in detailed observation and detailed observation and cataloging of phenomenon. cataloging of phenomenon.

Believed everything in the Believed everything in the universe had a purpose.universe had a purpose.

Medieval PhilosophyMedieval Philosophy

Philosophy of Western Philosophy of Western Europe from the Middle Ages Europe from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance to the Renaissance concerned primarily with concerned primarily with argument from authority.argument from authority.

St. AugustineSt. Augustine

Attempted to prove the Attempted to prove the existence of Godexistence of God

Argued for the Argued for the independence and independence and superiority of the superiority of the church over the civil church over the civil statestate

St. Thomas AquinasSt. Thomas Aquinas

most influential most influential philosopher of eraphilosopher of era

Influenced Catholic Influenced Catholic church and their views church and their views about Godabout God

Modern Philosophy Modern Philosophy

Period where new ideas began to Period where new ideas began to question authority. Began with question authority. Began with the writings of Rene Descartes the writings of Rene Descartes and the mind-body problem.and the mind-body problem.

Immanuel KantImmanuel Kant

Studied metaphysics and Studied metaphysics and epistemologyepistemology

Developed the idea of Developed the idea of the the ““Categorical Categorical ImperativeImperative””

John Stuart Mill John Stuart Mill

Radical empiricist who Radical empiricist who believed all human believed all human knowledge was gathered knowledge was gathered from sensory experiencefrom sensory experience

Promoted UtilitarianismPromoted Utilitarianism

Contemporary Philosophy Contemporary Philosophy

Philosophical thought that has Philosophical thought that has occurred in the last half occurred in the last half century.century.

Jean-Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre

Wrote novels, stories, plays, Wrote novels, stories, plays, and pamphlets dealing with and pamphlets dealing with existentialism and personal existentialism and personal freedom and choice.freedom and choice.

Bertrand Russell Bertrand Russell

Outlined problems with Outlined problems with organized religionorganized religion

Discussed advantages to Discussed advantages to studying philosophystudying philosophy