Philosophy
-
Upload
allen-magpoc -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Philosophy
![Page 1: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Module 1
Understanding Philosophy
and Its Branches
![Page 2: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Unit I: Essence of Philosophy
![Page 3: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Philosophy?
- Philosophy comes from the Greek words “philein”, which means to love; and “sophia”, which means wisdom. Etymologically speaking, philosophy therefore necessarily means “love of wisdom”. Consequently, philosophers are lovers of wisdom.
![Page 4: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Four Main Points of Philosophy• Philosophy is a science• Science of things• Ultimate principles and causes• Known only by natural reason
![Page 5: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Philosophy is a science
- It is a science of sciences, because it is a systematic body of knowledge which is not only based on ideas, theories, and hypothesis but on knowledge that conforms to reality.
![Page 6: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Science of things
- Philosophy is concerned with everything in the world as far as the human mind can reach, from the microscopic particles to the giant mountains. Nothing is exempted, all things are the concern of philosophy.
![Page 7: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Ultimate principles and causes
- In their ultimate cause, it tells us all about asking and answering not only the facts and causes but which conforms to reality.
![Page 8: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Known only by natural reason
- Philosophy does not use a piece of equipment, a laboratory device, etc. The philosopher uses his natural reason, particularly, human reasoning.
![Page 9: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Types of Philosophy• Speculative Philosophy• Practical Philosophy
![Page 10: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Speculative Philosophy
- It is a philosophy professing to be founded upon intuitive or a prior insight into the nature of the Absolute and Divine.
![Page 11: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Practical Philosophy
- It is the use of philosophy and philosophical techniques in everyday life. This can take a number of forms including reflective practice, personal philosophical thinking and philosophical counselling.
![Page 12: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Branches of Philosophy• Logic• Ethics• Epistemology• Cosmology
• Metaphysics• Aesthetics• Theodicy
![Page 13: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Logic
- This is the theory of correct reasoning, which seeks to investigate and establish the criteria of valid interference and demonstration.
![Page 14: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ethics
- Ethics is the study of the morality of human act. Ethics and morality are often used interchangeably as ethics is sometimes called moral philosophy.
![Page 15: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Epistemology
- Epistemology is also known as the theory of knowledge. It is a branch of philosophy that concerns itself with the nature of knowledge, its possibility, scope, and general basis.
![Page 16: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Cosmology
- Cosmology is a philosophical search for the deeper understanding of the material universe and the ultimate constituent principles of material beings or it is the science of the universe.
![Page 17: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Metaphysics
- Metaphysics studies the nature of beings. It tries to answer the questions: “What is a being?” and “What are the fundamental properties of being?”
![Page 18: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Aesthetics
- This is also known as the philosophy of art. This is the philosophical study of art and of value judgments about art, and of beauty in general.
![Page 19: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Theodicy
- This is a discipline that deals with the existence, nature, and attributes of God in the light of the truth arrived at by our human reason alone.
![Page 20: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Unit II: Understanding Some Philosophers
![Page 21: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Christian Philosophers• St. Thomas Aquinas• St. Augustine
![Page 22: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Greek Philosophers• Socrates• Plato• Aristotle
![Page 23: Philosophy](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5695d0bc1a28ab9b0293aa6e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Other Philosophers• Confucius• Karl Marx