Philippine Political Parties
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Transcript of Philippine Political Parties
Political parties in the Philippines are of diverse ideologies and are plentiful in
number. Most of these parties do not have actual grassroots membership among
ordinary voters but rather that of political figures and leaders.
What is a Political Party
A group of people that is organized for
the purpose of winning government
power, by electoral or other means.
Voluntary association of individuals who advocate certain principles or policies as superior to all others for
the general conduct of government and which nominates and supports certain of its leaders as electoral
candidates.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLITICAL PARTY:
1. Has an organized structure with lines of authority and power distribution. 2. Seek to attract popular support in the form of votes. 3. Seeks political power directly thru electoral method 4. Prepared to support a candidate and fight for victory in an election. (to gain power)
PARTY MEMBERSHIP
1. For patronage 2. To get special treatment from the government 3. To enhance their own career 4. Economic benefit 5. Personal gratification 6. To have and to use an influence on the others 7. Ideological fulfillment
means formal attachment to a political party, usually
involving the assumption of obligations to the party and receiving privileges from the party.
§ Usually require a person to apply formally for membership, and party officials can accept or reject the application (though in fact they are usually accepted).
§ The person must at least pay annual dues and sometimes take an oath to support the party’s principles and candidates.
Party Membership Rules:
1. Leadership Recruitment- The political party is still likely to be a structure that identifies potential leaders, brings them to public attention, and secures them the support necessary for taking public office. 2. Coordinate policy across different branches of Gov’t 3. Mobilize voters – get out the vote drives
-President, Congress, local party cooperation to win elections. -Leaders stress party loyalty to proposed policies.
4. Provide accountability- unintended side effect Used by voters to hold elected official accountable
THE FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
THE FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
5. nominate candidates - by most common method today. 6. contest election- “wage war” in the general election 7. form governments- organized along party lines
government appointments in executive
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES OF PARTIES
1. Selecting Candidates Parties virtually monopolize nominations, which give them tremendous power to shape governments and policies.
2. Election Campaigning Those professionals, hired by the candidates for substantial fees, organize high- tech campaigns that feature such up-to-date (and costly) techniques and raising money by computerized direct mail advertising.
PRINCIPAL ACTIVITIES OF PARTIES CONT..
3. Nominate Candidates—Recruit, choose, and present candidates for public office.
4. Inform and Activate Supporters—Campaign, define issues, and criticize other candidates.
5. Act as a Bonding Agent—Guarantee that their candidate is worthy of the office.
6. Govern—Members of government act according to their partisanship, or firm allegiance to a party.
7. Act as a Watchdog—Parties that are out of power keep a close eye on the actions of the party in power for a blunder to use against them in the next election.
POLICY FORMULATION
The successful party finds out what people want and finds way to combine and address
those demands. Specific policies inevitably begin to emerge in this process.
1. Campaigning In today’s world of mass media, political consultants, and direct mail advertising, the parties still play a part in ensuring that voters are registered, that they know the differences among the candidates, and that they know when and where to vote on election day.
2. GOVERNING
The leader of the party winning
the most votes takes the top leadership role, works with the advice of a cabinet formed of
his own party.
MINOR PARTIES PLAY SEVERAL IMPORTANT ROLES:
“SPOILER ROLE”
MINOR PARTY CANDIDATES CAN PULL DECISIVE VOTES AWAY FROM ONE OF THE MAJOR PARTIES’ CANDIDATES, ESPECIALLY IF THE MINOR PARTY CANDIDATE IS FROM A SPLINTER PARTY.
CRITIC
MINOR PARTIES, ESPECIALLY SINGLE-ISSUE PARTIES, OFTEN TAKE STANDS ON AND DRAW ATTENTION TO CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES THAT THE MAJOR PARTIES WOULD PREFER TO IGNORE.
INNOVATOR
OFTEN, MINOR PARTIES WILL DRAW ATTENTION TO IMPORTANT ISSUES AND PROPOSE INNOVATIVE SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS. IF
THESE PROPOSALS GAIN POPULAR SUPPORT, THEY ARE OFTEN INTEGRATED INTO THE PLATFORMS OF THE TWO MAJOR PARTIES.
!
Philippine name English name Abbr. Leader Founded International Seats in the
lower house Seats in the upper house Notes
Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
New Patriotic Alliance Bayan Satur
Ocampo 1985 International Newsletter
7 / 292
0 / 24
Offshoot of the Communist Party of the Philippines
Centrist Democratic Party of the Philippines CDP Rufus
Rodriguez 2012 none 1 / 292
0 / 24
Offshoot of Lakas–Christian Muslim Democrats
Kilusang Bagong Lipunan
New Society Movement KBL Imelda
Marcos 1978 none 1 / 292
0 / 24
Offshoot of the Nacionalista Party
Laban ng Demokratik
ong Pilipino
Struggle of Democratic
Filipinos LDP Edgardo
Angara 1998 Centrist
Democrat International
2 / 292
1 / 24
Former member of Corazon Aquino's UNIDO (1986)
Partido Demokratiko Pilipino-Lakas ng
Bayan
Philippine Democratic
Party-People's Power
PDP Laban
Aquilino Pimentel III 1982 none UNA
1 / 24 Former member of Corazon
Aquino's UNIDO (1986)
People's Reform Party PRP Miriam
Defensor Santiago
1991 none 0 / 292
1 / 24
Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino
Force of the Filipino Masses
PMP Joseph Estrada 1991 none See UNA
Parties Represented in Congress
Parties represented in Congress
!!
Philippine name English name Abbr. Leader Founded International
Seats in the lower
house
Seats in the upper
house Notes
Lakas–Christian Muslim
Democrats
People Power-Christian Muslim
Democrats Lakas
Gloria Macapagal-
Arroyo 2008
Centrist Democrat
International
14 / 292
2 / 24
Formerly known as Lakas Kampi CMD; merged from original Lakas–CMD and
KAMPI
Liberal Party LP
Benigno Aquino III and Mar Roxas
1946
Liberal International,
Alliance of Democrats, Council of
Asian Liberals and Democrats
110 / 292
4 / 24
Originally the Nacionalista Party; member of the
Aquino-Laurel UNIDO (1986)
Nacionalista Party Nationalist Party NP Manny Villar 1903 none
17 / 292
5 / 24 Oldest political party in the
Philippines
Nationalist People's Coalition NPC Eduardo
Cojuangco, Jr.
1991 none 43 / 292
2 / 24
Offshoot of the Nacionalista Party; formerly known as
Partido Pilipino
National Unity Party NUP Pablo P. Garcia 2011 none
24 / 292
0 / 24 Offshoot of the Lakas Kampi
CMD
United Nationalist Alliance UNA
Jejomar Binay, Joseph Estrada and Juan Ponce Enrile
2012 none 8 / 292
5 / 24
Electoral alliance of the PMP and the PDP-Laban
Philippine name
English translation Abbr. #1 nominee Seats in the lower
house (PL only) Notes
1st Consumers Alliance for Rural Energy 1-CARE Edgardo
Masongsong
2 / 58
Abono Fertilizer Abono Conrado Estrella III 2 / 58
Advocacy for Teacher Empowerment Through Action,
Cooperation and Harmony Towards Educational Reforms
A TEACHER Mariano Piamonte, Jr. 2 / 58
Agricultural Sector Alliance of the Philippines AGAP Nicanor Miral Briones
2 / 58
Akbayan Citizens' Action Party Akbayan Walden Bello
2 / 58
Member of the Progressive Alliance;
Consultative member of the Socialist International; Allied with Team PNoy
Ako Bicol Political
Party I am Bicol
Political Party AKB Christopher Co or Emilio Ubaldo, Jr.
2 / 58
An Waray The Waray [people] An Waray Neil Benedict
Montejo
2 / 58
Bayan Muna Nation First Bayan Muna Neri Colmenares 2 / 58
Member of the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
Buhay Hayaan
Yumabong
Life be Allowed to
Prosper Buhay Michael Velarde, Jr.
3 / 58
Citizens' Battle Against Corruption CIBAC Sherwin Tugna or
Luis Lokin, Jr.
2 / 58
Cooperative NATCCO Network Party
Coop-NATCCO Cresente Paez
2 / 58
GABRIELA Women's Party GABRIELA Luzviminda Ilagan 2 / 58
Member of the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan
Magdalo para sa Pilipino
Cheer for Filipinos Magdalo Gary Alejano
2 / 58
OFW Family Club OFW Family Roy Señeres, Sr. 2 / 58
Party-lists represented in Congress These parties won more than 2% of the vote
The One- Party System�
¨ Only one party holds the power because it towers above the others or because it suppresses all other groups.�
¨ With two sub- types:�¤ The one party democracy ( usually found in newly- independent states)�
¤ The Totalitarian Party in Communist states.�
�
�
The Two- Party System a. The turn- over system b. The system wherein major political parties alternate with each other in the exercise of political power.
¤ In the US- Democratic and Republican ¤ In Britain- Conservative and Labour parties
The Advantages and Disadvantages
1. Ensures simplicity and stability in the change of government. 2. Loosing party acts as “ loyal opposition” to force the party on power. 3. Assures a measure of political unity ¤ Allows a free interplay of
opposing forces.
¨ May decline into a m o n o t o n o u s p o l i t i c a l g a m e wherein politicians yield to corruption and patronage of each other.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
The Multi Party System More than two political parties fight in an election. ¨ No single party gets the majority control of the power. ¨ Leads to coalition of parties to secure a governing control of the government. ¨ Transfer the consensus building on the floor of the Congress or the inner of chambers of government itself.
¤ Rightist, leftist, center
¨ The Leftist- reform – minded party
which seeks to change the existing conditions in the country.
¨ The “Rightist” – conservative group which seeks to maintain the status quo
in the country. ¨ The Center Party has adopted policies
which are mixture of both the left and right tendencies.
The Advantages and Disadvantages:
¨ may more honestly represent the various shades of political opinions.
¨ may bring out more truly democratic measures
Occasional instability and
inaction.
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Party Organization
¨ Why do the major parties have a decentralized structure?
¨ How does the national party machinery and the local party machinery operate?
¨ What are the three components of the parties?
¨ What are the future possibilities for the major parties?
The Decentralized Nature of the Parties
Both of the major parties are highly decentralized and fragmented.
WHY? 1. The party out of power lacks a strong leader.
2. The government system distributes powers widely, in turn causing the parties to be
decentralized. 3. The nominating process give way party members
against one another because only one person can chosen to be the party’s presidential candidate.
National Party Machinery
¨ The National Convention
¨ The National
Chairperson
¨ The Congressional Campaign
Committees
¨ The National Committee
All four elements of both major parties work together loosely to achieve the party’s goals.
Three Components of the Party
Party Components
The Party in the Electorate
Those who always or almost always vote
for party candidates.
The Party in Government
Those who hold office in the government.
The Party Organization:
Those who run and control the party
machinery.