Philippine General Election

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Philippine general election, 2010

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Presidential election , legislative elections and local elections in the Philippines were held onMonday, May 10, 2010. The elected president will become the 15th President of the Philippines ,succeeding President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo , who is barred from seeking re-election due toterm restrictions. The successor of the Vice-President Noli de Castro will be the 15th VicePresident of the Philippines . The legislators elected in the 2010 elections will join the senators of the 2007 elections and will comprise the 15th Congress of the Philippines .


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The 2010 election was administered by the Commission on Elections (Comelec) in compliancewith the Republic Act No. 9369, [1] also known as Amended Computerization Act of 2007 . It wasthe first national computerized election in the history of the Philippines. Although, there werecases of PCOS machine failures, there would be no postponement of elections since mosttechnical issues were resolved by Election Day [2]. Despite the fact that some provinces have

reported failure of elections, these have not surpassed the 0.50% of the total number of PCOSmachines, and most were replaced on time. [3]

Local elections were held in all provinces , cities and municipalities for provincial governors,vice governors and board members, and city/municipal mayors, vice mayors and councilors.

There were more than 85,000 candidates for 17,000 national and local positions and it is believedthat the youth will have the swing vote in this election as 40% of voters are 18-35 and there are a

potential 3 million first-time voters. [4]

In cases where a candidate is running unopposed, that candidate only has to win one vote in

order to be considered elected. In this case, the candidate can vote for themselves.

C ontents

[hide ]

y 1 Background y 2 General issues

o 2.1 Party-switching y 3 Controversies

o 3.1 Election-related violence o 3.2 Constitutionality of the elections

3.2.1 Removal of Digital Signatures y 4 Results

o 4.1 President o 4.2 Vice President o 4.3 Congress

4.3.1 Senate 4.3.2 House of Representatives

o 4.4 Local y 5 International reaction y 6 See also y 7 References y 8 External links

[edit ] Background


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The Philippine constitution only allows a president to run for 1-term, however, President GloriaMacapagal Arroyo term was controversial because she replaced Joseph Estrada in the middle of his term and also won an election on her own right to serve longer than the constitution wassupposed to allow.

[edit ] General issuesIn a decision dated December 2, 2009, the Supreme Court ruled that appointive officials seeking

positions in the elections need not resign from their posts, striking down Section 4(a) of COMELEC Resolution 8678, Section 13 of Republic Act 9369, and Section 66 of the OmnibusElection Code as unconstitutional, "for being violative of the equal protection clause and for

being overbroad." [5]

[edit ] Party-switching

As election day approaches, several politicians switched political parties in order to gain votesand funding for the campaign. Many switches were controversial, with the ruling party LakasKampi CMD having the most defections, most of which went either to the Liberal Party or to the

Nacionalista Party .

The politicians who switched parties after the start of the local campaign period are:

Date Politician Running for Old party New partyMarch24

Jose Maria Zubiri,Jr. [6] Governor of Bukidnon

Lakas-Kampi Nacionalista

April 11 Arturo Uy [7] Governor of Compostela Valley Lakas-

Kampi

Nacionalista

April 12 Neptali Gonzales II [8] Congressman of Mandaluyong Lakas-Kampi Liberal

April 12 Roilo Golez [9] Congressman of Paraaque's 2nddistrict Independent Liberal

April 14 Joey Salceda [10] Governor of Albay Lakas-Kampi Liberal

April 15 BenasingMacarambon [11] Congressman of Lanao del Sur's2nd district

Lakas-Kampi Nacionalista

April 20 Mary Ann Susano [12] Mayor of Quezon City

Lakas-

Kampi

PMP

Furthermore, figures such as Luis "Chavit" Singson resigned from Lakas and endorsed acandidate aside from Gilberto Teodoro , but did not join another party. Singson endorsed Villar,then resigned from Lakas, but has not joined Villar's Nacionalista Party. [13]

[edit ] C ontroversies


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Main article: Controversies in the Philippine general election, 2010

Five days before the elections, petitions were made to postpone the elections due to technicalmalfunctions with the electronic voting machines .[14] On May 7, 2010, the Supreme Courtrejected the petitions, affirming the vote would go ahead as planned. [15]

Several cities and provinces encountered several problems, postponing the election. In Caloocan ,voting was delayed as the box of ballots delivered to clustered precinct 599 in the city's Pajodistrict contained ballots for a clustered precinct in Sampaloc in Manila .[16]

[edit ] Election-related violence

Election hotspots in the Philippines.

Prior to the end of the filing of certificates of candidacy, the COMELEC had anticipated severalareas to be named as "election hotspots".

On November 23, 2009, the entourage of the wife of Buluan , Maguindanao EsmaelMangudadatu who is running for provincial governor, including journalists, were abducted andkilled in the province's Ampatuan town. [17] Before she was killed, Mangudadatu's wife blamed

provincial governor Andal Ampatuan, Jr. as the culprit. [18] Ampatuan Jr. was later arrested. [19] After several arms and military vehicles were seized in Ampatuans' properties and governmentinstallations, President Arroyo declared martial law in parts of the province not controlled by theMoro Islamic Liberation Front on December 4. [20]


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On December 28, 2009, a candidate for councilor died, and two incumbent officials werewounded in an ambush in Dingras , Ilocos Norte . The gunmen fired at the convoy including

barangay chairwoman Joen Caniete, who was running for councilor under the Nacionalista Party ;the wounded included a sitting councilor and a provincial board member. [21]

In Sorsogon , Julio Esquivias, a Nacionalista candidate for councilor in the town of Casiguran ,died due to a gunshot wound after he was shot by an unidentified gunman. [22]

In a command conference by the Armed Forces of the Philippines , Philippine National Police and the COMELEC, 14 election "hotspots" were identified. They are Abra , Ilocos Norte ,Masbate and Nueva Ecija in Luzon , Samar (Western Samar), Eastern Samar and Antique in theVisayas , and Basilan , Sulu , Maguindanao , Lanao del Norte , Lanao del Sur , Sarangani , andZamboanga Sibugay in Mindanao. [23]

Worsening private armed violence is a serious security concern that has the capacity toundermine the 2010 elections. Even though a commission has already been formed to dismantle

private armies, skeptics are unconvinced that the government can succeed in this task as it has a poor track record at dealing with the ongoing problem of internal violence. [24]

Before election day, a bomb exploded at 1:20 a.m. in Ampatuan, Maguindanao . No casualtieswere reported. In Conception, Iloilo armed men fired a Liberal Party headquarters. No casualtieswere reported. [25]

During election day, three bomb exploded at a polling precinct at Pakpak elementary school inMarawi City , Lanao del Sur . No casualties or injuries reported. Another bomb exploded inZamboanga Sibugay , killing three people. Earlier today, two bombs exploded at Mindanao StateUniversity where several polling precinct were clustered. A NK2 grenade exploded at Shariff

Aguak, Maguindanao . No casualties reported. On the same day, at 12:00nn (PST) a shootingincident was happened on the same area between the rival candidates. Two innocent persons wasofficially killed. [citation needed ]

As of 1:30pm (PST) 14 persons were officially reported killed due to election-relatedviolence. [citation needed ] At 2:25pm (PST) a shooting incident in a barangay in Maguindanao causedthe cancellation of elections was cancelled.

[edit ] C onstitutionality of the elections

Many concerned civil society groups including the Center for People Empowerment in

Governance (CenPEG), Philippine Computer Society (PCS), and Global Filipino Nation (GFN) protested the illegality and unconstitutionality on how the elections was conducted particularly inimplementing safety measures against fraud and cheating.

In an interim report by GFN 2010 Election Observers Team released on May 27, 2010 titled"Foreign Observers Challenge Election Legitimacy" , they presented arguments questioning theMay 10, 2010 elections summarized below:


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1. The election results transmitted from the precincts do not have digital signatures of theBoard of Election Inspectors (BEI)

2. The number of disenfranchised voters is sufficient to affect greatly the results of theelections.

3. The Automated Election System (AES) was implemented without the appropriate field

testing, and law-specified testing in actual elections.4. The source code review was not completed and initial findings were not addressed.5. No audit was done on the AES prior to the elections. There was only a mandated random

manual audit which was not yet done at the time the report was written (May 27, 2010).6. Several voter and security features were disabled prior to elections.

Many different groups also echoed the same sentiments such as that of Kaakbay Partylist in itscritique of the May 10, 2010 polls. [26] They also questioned the removal of digital signatures

[edit ] Removal of Digital Signatures

While Republic Act 9369 states that"

The election returns transmitted electronically and digitally signed shall be considered as official election results and shall be used as the basis for the canvassing of votes and the proclamation of a candidate. " [27] , the Commission on Elections(COMELEC) issued Resolution 8786 on March 4, 2010 which became the basis for the decisionto remove digital signatures which the Comelec ruled as no longer necessary. Three Board of Election Inspectors (BEIs) were originally required to put in their iButton Key for the results to

be digitally signed before transmission and make it official. But because of the issuance of Comelec Resolution 8786, BEIs were directed to press "No" when asked by the PCOS machinesto digitally sign the files for transmission. [28]

In the joint committee at Batasang Pambansa , Sen. Enrile asked the COMELEC officials why

they removed the use of the digital signatures. Smartmatic Asia Pacific president, Cesar Floressaid The voting machine has a digital signature in itself which is also corroborated in the card and the password that is provided to the BEIs. The BEIs when they sign the password, theyencrypt the result, and the result is digitally signed, [29] [26]

Kaakbay Partylist released on June 6, 2010 its critique on the May 10, 2010 elections. The groupcited complaints regarding the removal of main security features and verifiability of votes andalso answered the arguments of those given by the COMELEC officials.

" On March 4, 2010, Comelec issued Resolution 8786 dated March 4, 2010, essentially disabling the use of digital signatures. Thus, the electronically transmitted ERs from the precincts nolonger bear digital signatures. Several excuses were given by Comelec ranging from PCOS machine signatures being equivalent to digital signature (which of course is not true); use of digital signature will require another P1 billion (as if digital feature is not included in the P7.1-billion contract); reducing transmission time (how less than one minute signing digitally will reduce much a transmission of about 30 to 60 minutes?); and the PCOS i-button and BEI

Personal Identification N umbers (PI N s) are equivalents (of course, not) " .[26]

[edit ] Results


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Reports indicated that the election day was marred with controversies, particularly in insurgent-ridden province of Mindanao , though other provinces also faced difficulties such as computer glitches on the electronic voting machines , disorderly conduct, vote buying, and violence. [30] InCebu City , spikes placed by unidentified men on the road caused a delay in the delivery of ballot

boxes in Cebu province early Monday. [31]

A total of over 76,340 PCOS machines (or Precinct-count Optical Scanners), some 5,000 back-up units, and some 1,700 servers were deployed in the country's first nation-wide fullyautomated elections, from counting of votes to transmission and canvassing of election results.Election Day had live full coverage from GMA 7 and ABS-CBN. Besides logistical problems,during the last few days prior to the election poll machine & services supplier Smartmatic -TotalInformation Management (TIM) found cases of PCOS machine failures. Nonetheless it wasdecided not to postpone elections since the technical issues were resolved quickly and thesolution could be deployed by Election Day. Despite the fact that some provinces reported issuesin the election process, these did not surpass the 0.50% of the total number of PCOS machines,and most were replaced on time, as planned for. As a result of the delays, the COMELEC

extended voting hours from 6:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m. and continued through the night transmittingthe votes from every precinct scattered across the country.

After the elections closed and transmissions from PCOS machines began arriving en masse andthe COMELEC was able to publish the first partial results, many former doubts and concernsvanished, replaced by astonishment due to the unprecedented speed of the tally [32]

[edit ] President


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Presidential election results.Main article: Philippine presidential election, 2010

The presidential candidate with the greatest number of votes will be declared the winner. A

separate election is held for the vice president; the two elected officials need not be runningmates in order to be elected.

e d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine presidential election results

C andidate Party

Results

Votes %

Benigno Aquino III

Liberal 15,208,678 42.08%

Joseph Estrada PMP 9,487,837 26.25%

Manny Villar Nacionalista 5,573,835 15.42%

Gilberto Teodoro

Lakas-Kampi 4,095,839 11.33%

Eddie Villanueva Bangon Pilipinas 1,125,878 3.12%

Richard Gordon

Bagumbayan-VNP 501,727 1.39%

Nicanor Perlas Independent 54,575 0.15%

Jamby Madrigal Independent 46,489 0.13%


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John Carlos de los Reyes Ang Kapatiran 44,244 0.12%

T otal valid votes cast 36,139,102 99.50%

Vetallano Acosta (disqualified)* KBL 181,985 0.50%

T otal votes (excluding null votes ) 36,321,087 70.81%

Registered voters 51,292,465 100.00%

C O C s canvassed 278 of 278 100.00%

*Vetallano Acosta (KBL) was disqualified after the ballots were printed. All of his votes areconsidered spoilt

[edit ] Vice President


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Vice presidential results.

e d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Philippine vice presidential election results

C andidate Party

Results

Votes %

Jejomar Binay

PDP-Laban [v 1] 14,645,574 41.65%

Mar Roxas Liberal 13,918,490 39.58%

Loren Legarda NPC [v 2] 4,294,664 12.21%

Bayani Fernando

Bagumbayan-VNP 1,017,631 2.89%

Edu Manzano

Lakas-Kampi 807,728 2.30%

Perfecto Yasay

Bangon Pilipinas 364,652 1.04%

Jay Sonza KBL 64,230 0.18%

Dominador Chipeco, Jr.

Ang Kapatiran 52,562 0.15%

Total votes (excluding null votes ) 35,165,555 68.56%

Registered voters 51,292,555 100.00%

C O C s canvassed 278 of 278 100.00%


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1. ^ Binay is Joseph Estrada 's (PMP ) guest candidate for vice president.2. ^ Legarda is Manny Villar 's ( Nacionalista ) guest candidate for vice president.

[edit ] C ongress

[edit ] Senate

Parties that had the plurality among the top 12 finishers in their respective cities and provinces. If two or more parties had an equal and highest number of members in the top 12, the province is

shaded as "no plurality."Main article: Philippine Senate election, 2010

One-half of the Senate of the Philippines will be up for election. The Philippines uses the plurality-at-large voting system for the Senate race.

e d Summary of the May 10, 2010 Senate of thePhilippines election results

C andidate Party Votes %

Bong Revilla Lakas-Kampi 19,414,795

SummaryParty Won Seats %

Independents 1 5 20.8%Lakas-Kampi 2 4 16.7%

Liberal 3 4 16.7% Nacionalista 2 4 16.7% NPC 1 2 8.3%PMP 2 2 8.3%PRP 1 1 4.2%LDP 0 1 4.2%


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Jinggoy Estrada PMP 18,842,717

Miriam Defensor Santiago

PRP 17,230,051

Franklin Drilon

Liberal 15,764,639

Juan Ponce Enrile PMP 15,577,837

Pia Cayetano

Nacionalista 13,583,810

Ferdinand Marcos, Jr.


Ralph Recto

Liberal 12,344,675

Vicente Sotto III

NPC 11,838,317

Sergio Osmea III Independent 11,583,854

Lito Lapid Lakas-Kampi 10,971,045

Teofisto Guingona III

Liberal 10,200,293

Risa Hontiveros-Baraquel

Liberal 9,041,494

Ruffy Biazon

Liberal 8,566,631

Joey de Venecia PMP 8,317,528

T otals 12 23 95.8%


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Gilbert Remulla Nacionalista 7,226,690

Danilo Lim Independent 7,020,789

Sonia Roco

Liberal 6,590,050

Gwendolyn Pimentel

PDP-Laban 6,277,477

Ariel Querubin


May 17, 2010

[edit ] House of Representatives

House of Representative district elections results.Main article: Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2010 See also: Philippine House of Representatives party-list election, 2010

All seats in the House are up for election, elections will be done for legislative districts and party-list.


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2010 House of Representative elections for district representatives

PartyVotes

Up EnteredSeats won

C hangeT otal % T otal % [n 1]

Lakas Kampi CMD coalitionLakas Kampi CMD & KABACA 13,146,566 38.49% 139 166 106 37.06% 16

Liberal coalitionLiberal & KKK 6,922,130 20.27% 19 135 45 15.85% +15

NPC 5,227,075 15.30% 29 72 31 10.76% +6 Nacionalista coalition Nacionalista , Kusug, PCM & UK Capiz

3,593,676 11.39% 24 140 26 9.05% +2

Independents 2,437,146 7.14% 4[n

2] 230 7 2.43% +3

PMP coalitionPMP and Partido Navote o 971,026 2.84% 3 47 6 2.08% +3

PDP-Laban 285,317 0.84% 5[n

3] 14 2 0.69% 3

PDSP 171,345 0.51% 0 4 1 0.35% +1LDP 162,434 0.48% 1 3 2 0.69% +1KBL 158,416 0.47% 0 10 1 0.35% +1Reporma-LM 88,981 0.26% 1 3 1 0.35% 0Other parties 421,510 1.25% 1 59 0 0.00% 1Still to hold elections 1 0.35%

Valid votes 33,924,132 90.96%

Invalid or blank votes 3,369,828 9.04% T otal turnout 37,293,960 73.52% 215 792 229 78.65% +13

Registered voters 50,723,733[n

4] 100.00%

1. ^ Of all 286 House members, including party-list representatives.2. ^ Includes Jose de Venecia , who currently has no party.3. ^ Includes United Opposition members.4. ^ Excludes overseas absentee voters (568,732) who are ineligible to vote for district

representatives.

y Bulacan's 1st congressional district will hold an election at a later date.y Total invalid and blank votes for Camarines Norte and Lanao del Sur have not been

released.

Parties that won at least one seat, including those with pending disqualification cases, are asfollows:

2010 House of Representative election for party-list representatives


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Democratic Independent Workers' Association (DIWA) 238,675 0.7886% 1 Kapatiran ng mga Nakakulong na Walang Sala (KAKUSA) 234,717 0.7756% 1 1

Kalinga-Advocacy for Social Empowerment and Nation-Building Through Easing Poverty (KALINGA) 229,198 0.7573% 1

Alagad 227,116 0.7504% 1 1 United Transport Koalisyon (1-UTAK) 220,002 0.7269% 1 (1)Una ang Pamilya (1 ANG PAMILYA) 217,032 0.7171% 1 Alliance of Volunteer Educators (AVE) 214,750 0.7096% 1 Aangat Tayo (AT) 176,074 0.5818% 1 (1)Adhikaing Tinataguyod ng Kooperatiba (ATING KOOP) 173,711 0.5740% (1)Ang Laban ng Indiginong Filipino (ALIF) 170,304 0.5627% 1 (1)Association of Laborers and Employess (ALE) 167,654 0.5540% (1)Kasosyo Producer-Consumer Exchange Association (AA-KASOSYO PARTY) 166,432 0.5499% (1)Alay Buhay Community Development Foundation (ALAY BUHAY) 163,164 0.5891% (1)

Aksyon Magsasaka Partido Tinig ng Masa (AKMA-PTM) 161,674 0.5842% (1)

T otal maximum votes 30,264,579 100.0000% 57

[edit ] Local

Gubernatorial elections results.See also: Philippine gubernatorial elections, 2010


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y Batangas y Bohol y Bulacan

o Marilao o Meycauayan

y Laguna y Metro Manila

o Caloocan o Makati o Manila o Marikina o Navotas o Quezon City o Taguig o Valenzuela

y Marinduque y

Mountain Province y Tarlac

[edit ] International reaction

The United States and the European Union praised the republic for the smooth elections. The USembassy was one of the first to hail the general elections.

We look forward to a smooth transition and, after June 30, to working with the new Philippinegovernment to deepen the friendship and partnership between our two nations, and to advanceour common goals for the benefit of the Southeast Asia region and the world. [33]

Seeing the patience and the number of people turned in the elections, EU Ambassador Alistair MacDonald shared his experience and reflection in observing the Filipinos.

I had the privilege of observing the electoral process in both Cavite and Batangas and wasimpressed by the manner in which this first nationwide automated election was conducted. [33]

Despite the intense heat, the long lines and the inevitable unfamiliarity of a new process, our observations suggested that this process was carried out smoothly, and the results transmittedrapidly, in the great majority of cases. [33]

MacDonald also expressed that the EU were impressed for the elections being "smooth andgenerally trouble-free.

He also appreciated the teacher's hard work for the said elections.

Philippine General Election

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