Section 1. Suffrage may be

exercised by all citizens of the

Philippines, not otherwise

disqualified by law, who are at least

eighteen years of age, and who shall

have resided in the Philippines for at

least one year and in the place

wherein they propose to vote, for at

least six months immediately

preceding the election. No literacy,

property, or other substantive

requirement shall be imposed on the

exercise of suffrage.

Section 2. The Congress shall provide a

system for securing the secrecy and

sanctity of the ballot as well as a system

for absentee voting by qualified Filipinos

abroad.

The Congress shall also design a

procedure for the disabled and the

illiterates to vote without the assistance of

other persons. Until then, they shall be

allowed to vote under existing laws and

such rules as the Commission on

Elections may promulgate to protect the

secrecy of the ballot.

•

Respondent was born in Australia on May16, 1934 to a Filipino father and anAustralian mother. She ran for governor.Petitioner, her opponent, filed a case fordisqualification on the ground that she isnot a Filipino citizen since she was issued analien certificate of registration; there was anapplication for an immigrant certificate ofresidence and she was a holder of anAustralian passport. Is the petitioner’s claimright?

Respondent was born in Australiato a Filipino father and anAustralian mother. Australiafollows jus soli. She ran forgovernor. Opponent filed petitionto disqualify her on the ground ofdual citizenship. Will therespondent be disqualified?

• Respondent was born in Australia to a Filipino father and an Australian mother. Australia follows jus soli. She ran for governor. Opponent filed petition to disqualify her on the ground of dual citizenship. Will the respondent be disqualified?