PHIL 2525 Lec 18 Feminism and the Ethics of Care
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PHIL 2525 Lec 18 PHIL 2525 Lec 18 Feminism and the Ethics of Feminism and the Ethics of Care Care
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PHIL 2525 Lec 18 Feminism and the Ethics of Care. PHIL 2525 Lec 18 Feminism and the Ethics of Care. Tomboys and sissies. Taylor Pugh: returned to pre-K with his hair in French braids.... http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/17/taylor-pugh-4yearold-texa_n_395550.html. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of PHIL 2525 Lec 18 Feminism and the Ethics of Care
PHIL 2525 Lec 18PHIL 2525 Lec 18Feminism and the Ethics of CareFeminism and the Ethics of Care
PHIL 2525 Lec 18PHIL 2525 Lec 18Feminism and the Ethics of CareFeminism and the Ethics of Care
Tomboys and sissies....Tomboys and sissies....
Taylor Pugh: returned to Taylor Pugh: returned to pre-K with his hair in pre-K with his hair in French braids....French braids....http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/17/taylor-http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/12/17/taylor-pugh-4yearold-texa_n_395550.htmlpugh-4yearold-texa_n_395550.html
Tomboys and Tomboys and sissies....sissies....
`My son is gay. Or `My son is gay. Or he`s not. I don`t care. he`s not. I don`t care. He is still my son. And He is still my son. And he is 5. And I am his he is 5. And I am his mother. And if you mother. And if you have a problem with have a problem with anything mentioned anything mentioned above, I don’t want to above, I don’t want to know you.know you.
1973: Kohlberg’s Morality Scale1973: Kohlberg’s Morality Scale
Three levels of moral reasoningThree levels of moral reasoning
through which humans proceed: through which humans proceed:
Pre-conventional Pre-conventional
ConventionalConventional
Post-conventional levelsPost-conventional levels
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
Kohlberg theorized that there is an Kohlberg theorized that there is an inherited potential in each of us to inherited potential in each of us to recognize when we or others are recognize when we or others are being treated unfairly. being treated unfairly.
The principle of justice. The principle of justice.
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
1. 1. Punishment and Obedience stagePunishment and Obedience stage::
Self-centeredness Self-centeredness is the rule. is the rule. Pleasure and pain Pleasure and pain are the way we are the way we judge experience..judge experience..
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
2. 2. Instrumental ExchangeInstrumental Exchange: :
Negotiating Negotiating trade-offs and trade-offs and deals comes deals comes into the picture.into the picture.
Still focused on Still focused on the self, though.the self, though.
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
3. 3. Interpersonal ConformityInterpersonal Conformity: :
Learning the norms Learning the norms and seeking out the and seeking out the approval of others.approval of others.
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
4. 4. Social System and Conscience Social System and Conscience MaintenanceMaintenance: :
The approval of society The approval of society is a priority. Following is a priority. Following rules seems to be rules seems to be the best way. the best way.
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
5. 5. Prior Rights and Social ContractPrior Rights and Social Contract: :
Avoiding harm Avoiding harm and doing good and doing good become the become the focus…even tryingfocus…even tryingto make the world to make the world a better place.a better place.
KohlbergKohlberg’’s Moral Scale:s Moral Scale:
6. 6. Universal Ethical PrinciplesUniversal Ethical Principles: :
While obedience to While obedience to social rules is important, social rules is important, the principles of universal the principles of universal justice always trump justice always trump mere social rules.mere social rules.
Harriet TubmanHarriet Tubman
Jake and Amy and the DrugstoreJake and Amy and the Drugstore
1982: Gender 1982: Gender differences in moral differences in moral
reasoning...reasoning...
1982: Gilligan’s ETHICS OF CARE
1. Individual Survival: Here the 1. Individual Survival: Here the reasoning is limited strictly to concern reasoning is limited strictly to concern for herself.for herself.
T1. Transition from selfishness to T1. Transition from selfishness to responsibility.responsibility.
1982: Gilligan`s ETHICS OF CARE
2. Self-Sacrifice and Social Conformity: At this stage there is an increased sense of responsibility and concern for others.
T2. Transition From T2. Transition From Goodness to truth.Goodness to truth.
1982: Gilligan’s ETHICS OF CARE
3. Morality of Nonviolence: Here the female does not feel powerless, but learns to "verify her capacity for individual judgment and the legitimacy of her own view."
Justice versus CaringJustice versus Caring
Male approaches favour the application of Male approaches favour the application of rules and rationalityrules and rationality
Female approaches favour appeal to Female approaches favour appeal to emotionemotion
Justice versus CaringJustice versus Caring
Male approaches favour the application of Male approaches favour the application of rules and rationalityrules and rationality
Female approaches favour appeal to Female approaches favour appeal to emotionemotion
But how true is this really?But how true is this really?
But how true is this really?But how true is this really?
Not entirely. But to the extent that it Not entirely. But to the extent that it is...there are two explanations:is...there are two explanations:
– SocializationSocialization– EvolutionEvolution
Nel NoddingsNel Noddings
Caring as a foundation for Caring as a foundation for ethical decision-making...ethical decision-making...
Building an ethical ideal....Building an ethical ideal....
(the kind of (the kind of person you person you want to be)want to be)
1984 20021984 2002
Nel NoddingsNel Noddings
Distinction betweenDistinction between
Caring for... Caring for...
Caring about...Caring about...
19841984
Nel NoddingsNel Noddings
““[In my writing] I have brushed aside [In my writing] I have brushed aside ‘caring about’....It is too easy. I can ‘care ‘caring about’....It is too easy. I can ‘care about’ the starving children of Cambodia, about’ the starving children of Cambodia, send five dollars to hunger relief, and feel send five dollars to hunger relief, and feel somewhat satisfied.....This is a poor somewhat satisfied.....This is a poor second cousin to ‘caring for.’” second cousin to ‘caring for.’”
11.2: Implications for moral judgement...11.2: Implications for moral judgement...
Family and friends:Family and friends:
Children with HIV:Children with HIV:
Animals:Animals:
11.3: Implications for ethical theory...11.3: Implications for ethical theory...
The parable of The parable of the white the white crow...crow...
The Moles and the Porcupine...The Moles and the Porcupine...
Franke JamesFranke JamesTo my future grandkids in 2020To my future grandkids in 2020
Photographs, illustrations and text by Franke James, MFA
Letter to my Future Grandkids in 2020 �2007 Franke James
