PHIL 132-Introduction to Logic-Shabbir Ahsen
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Lahore University of Management Sciences PHIL 132 – Introduction to Logic Summer 2015 Instructor M. Shabbir Ahsen Room No. 215 Office Hours Email [email protected] Telephone 35608054 Secretary/TA TA Office Hours Course URL (if any) Course Basics Credit Hours 4 Lecture(s) Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week 2 Duration 100 Minutes x 2 Recitation/Lab (per week) Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week Duration Tutorial (per week) Nbr of Lec(s) Per Week Duration Course Distribution Core Elective Elective Open for Student Category Preference be given to Freshman and Sophomore Close for Student Category Those who have done Phil 130 COURSE DESCRIPTION The course has been designed to introduce to the students the methods and techniques used to evaluate arguments. It assumes no prior knowledge of either philosophy or mathematics as it is an introductory level course that covers the main areas of logic, which includes both Classical and Modern Logic along with Induction, Scientific Reasoning and Modal Logic. The course begins by introducing the basic concepts used in logic before exploring the domain of Aristotelian logic. We then move to Modern Deductive. Here Propositional Calculus and Predicate Calculus are introduced along with different methods for determining the validity of arguments (and generating counter examples). Induction and Scientific Reasoning will be introduced after Predicate Logic. Modal concepts are treated towards the end of the course. COURSE PREREQUISITE(S) None
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Transcript of PHIL 132-Introduction to Logic-Shabbir Ahsen
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Lahore University of Management Sciences
PHIL132IntroductiontoLogicSummer2015
Instructor M.ShabbirAhsenRoomNo. 215OfficeHours Email [email protected] 35608054Secretary/TA TAOfficeHours CourseURL(ifany)
CourseBasicsCreditHours 4Lecture(s) NbrofLec(s)Per
Week2 Duration 100Minutesx2
Recitation/Lab(perweek)
NbrofLec(s)PerWeek
Duration
Tutorial(perweek) NbrofLec(s)PerWeek
Duration
CourseDistributionCore Elective ElectiveOpenforStudentCategory
PreferencebegiventoFreshmanandSophomoreCloseforStudentCategory
ThosewhohavedonePhil130COURSEDESCRIPTIONThe coursehasbeendesigned to introduce to the students themethodsand techniquesused toevaluatearguments. Itassumesnopriorknowledgeofeitherphilosophyormathematicsasitisanintroductorylevelcoursethatcoversthemainareasof logic,which includesbothClassicalandModernLogicalongwith Induction,ScientificReasoningandModalLogic.ThecoursebeginsbyintroducingthebasicconceptsusedinlogicbeforeexploringthedomainofAristotelianlogic.WethenmovetoModernDeductive.HerePropositionalCalculusandPredicateCalculusareintroducedalongwithdifferentmethodsfordetermining the validityof arguments (and generating counter examples). Induction and ScientificReasoningwillbeintroducedafterPredicateLogic.Modalconceptsaretreatedtowardstheendofthecourse.COURSEPREREQUISITE(S)
None
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Lahore University of Management Sciences
COURSEOBJECTIVES
Tofamiliarizestudentswiththeconcepts,methodsandtechniquesemployedinlogic.TohelpstudentssharpentheirreasoningtalentsbyequippingthemwiththeskillstoassesargumentsToincreasetheircapacitytoformulatesoundandcogentarguments.
LearningOutcomes
Therecognitionthatreasoncanbeappliedineveryaspectofhumanaffair.[Copi]Toenablestudentstounderstandandcriticallyanalyzetextsandarguments.Enhancingproblemsolvingskills.
GradingBreakupandPolicyAssignment(s):HomeWork:Nongraded.Quiz(s):30%ClassParticipation:Attendance:5%MidtermExamination:30%Project:FinalExamination:35%ExaminationDetail
MidtermExam
Yes/No:YesCombineSeparate:CombineDuration:100MinutesPreferredDate:ExamSpecifications:
FinalExam
Yes/No:YesCombineSeparate:CombineDuration:100MinutesExamSpecifications:Closedbooks,closednotes.Helpsheetwillbeprovided.
COURSEOVERVIEW
Week/Lecture/Module
Topics RecommendedReadingsObjectives/Application
Week1Introduction:BasicConceptsRecognizingArgumentsDiagrammingarguments
Chapter1.BasicConceptsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic(Page131,5970)
IntroductionBasicConcepts
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Lahore University of Management Sciences
Week2
DeductionandInductionTruth,ValidityandSoundnessCounterexampleProblemSolving
Chapter1.BasicConceptsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic(Page3159)
Introductioncontinued
Week3
ClassicalDeductiveLogic:ThelogicoftermsCategoricalPropositionImmediateInferences SquareofOppositionObversion,ConversionContrapositionCategoricalSyllogism:MoodandFigure
Chapter3.CategoricalPropositionsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page188240)
AnalyzingargumentsinvolvingsinglepremiseRelationshipsamongstandardformcategoricalpropositions
Week4
CategoricalSyllogism:ValiditywiththehelpofVennDiagramValiditywiththehelpofRulesandFallaciesWeakSyllogismsandexistentialimport
Chapter5.CategoricalSyllogismsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page240275)
AnalyzingargumentsinvolvingtwopremisesIntroducingdifferentmethodsforevaluatingsyllogisticreasoning.Spottingerrorsinsyllogisticreasoning.
Week5
TranslationofOrdinarylanguagepropositionsintostandardcategoricalFormCategoricalSyllogisminordinarylanguageEnthymemesSorites
Chapter5.CategoricalSyllogismsinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page275285)
AnalyzingArgumentsinordinarylanguageReducingordinarylanguageargumentstostandardformsyllogism/heapsofsyllogism
Week6
DisjunctiveSyllogism(BothExclusiveandinclusive)HypotheticalSyllogism:ModusPonens,ModusTollensandPureHSDilemmaReductioadAbsurdum
Chapter6.PropositionalLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page287328)DilemmafromCopis
Introducingandanalyzingtypicalargumentformsusedineverydaylifeandinspecializedareasofinquiry.Spottingerrorsinreasoning
Week7
ModernDeductiveLogic:TheLogicofPropositionsPropositionalCalculus:SyntaxandSemanticsLogicalConnectives:Negation,Conjunction,Disjunction,Conditional,&BiconditionalTruthTable:Truthvalueofmolecularproposition,Equivalence,ContradictionandTautologies,Validity
Chapter7.NaturalDeductioninPropositionalLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page348403)
Enhancingreasoningabilitybyintroducingsymboliclogic,truthtabletechnique.
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Lahore University of Management Sciences
Week8
ShorterTruthTable:ValidityandCounterexampleOtherMethods:TruthTreeanditsapplicationsFormalDeductionandvalidity
Chapter7.NaturalDeductioninPropositionalLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page348403)TruthTreefromJefferysFormalLogic
Introducingdifferentmethodstoevaluatearguments.
Week9PredicateLogic:QuantifiersTranslationofordinarylanguagepropositionintoPredicateLogicValidityCounterexample
Chapter8.PredicateLogicinAConciseIntroductiontoLogic,(Page348403)
IntroducingQuantifiers
Week10
PredicateLogic:ValiditywithTruthtreesValiditywithFormalDeductionIdentity
RelationsandIdentity.
Week11
Induction:InductiveGeneralizationandFallaciesofGeneralizationInductiveAnalogyCausalityandMillsMethods
Chapter11and12inIntroductiontoLogic(482515,519547)
Inductionandcausality
Week12
StatisticalReasoningexplanation:Scientificandunscientific*ThePatternofScientificInquiryEvaluationofHypotheses
Chapter13inIntroductiontoLogic13thedition(559577)Chapter4UsingStatisticalReasoninginTheLogicCourse
LogicofexplanationScientificMethod
Week13
ModalLogic Chapter12inThePowerofLogic,2000(588603)
Introducingmodalconceptsandtheirapplicationsinlogic
Week14
ModalLogicReviewbeforefinalexam
Textbook(s)/SupplementaryReadingsHurley,Patrick AConciseIntroductiontoLogic,AConciseIntroductiontoLogic,BelmontCA,Wadsworth8th
Edition,2003.11thedition,2012.Copi,Irving IntroductiontoLogic,NewYork,MacmillanCo.9thEdition,1998.14thedition2010[13thedition2009(Pakistanireprint)isavailableinthemarket]DeHaven,StevanTheLogicCourse,Ontario,BroadviewPress,FirstPublishedin1995.Layman,StephanThePowerofLogic,MountainviewCA,MayfieldPublishingCo,2000,and2002.
