Phenotyping texture and aroma wp5 unravel the complexity of apple aroma by ptr to f-ms brian...
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Transcript of Phenotyping texture and aroma wp5 unravel the complexity of apple aroma by ptr to f-ms brian...
Brian Farneti
Unravel the complexity of apple aroma by PTR-ToF-
MS
The whole aroma profile may be considered as a music symphony where apparently small
differences in tones and notes can considerably change the harmony
VOCs
Volatile Organic Compounds
provide a non invasive and rapid tool for the monitoring of many metabolic and physiological processes induced, e.g., by ripening, storage and stress conditions or plant-insect interaction
Volatile Organic Compounds play an important role in the research related to fruits
and, more generally, to agroindustrial products because they are directly related to the perceived sensory quality
Odor & Flavor perception
Flavour is defined as a “complex combination of the olfactory, gustatory and trigeminal sensations perceived during tasting”.
Odor & Flavor perception
• Availability of new instrumental techniques able to compare with the sensitivity of human receptors:
- Electronic nose - Mass spectroscopy
• Availability of analytic methods: - Multivariate statistic - Neural network
Point of view and perception
Point of view and perception
Simulate the human perception
Analitycal methods: which one?
?!
Artificial system: PTR-ToF-MSProton Transfer Reaction- Time of Flight- Mass Spectrometry
Artificial system: PTR-ToF-MS
Proton Transfer ReactionH3O+ +M → MH+ + H2O
Time of Flight
<
ToF data analysis
ToF data analysis
ToF data analysis
α-Farnesene
Data mining
is applied to data sets in order to explore data and find information hidden from a naked eye.Examples: principle component analysis (PCA), clustering, regression models, classification, prediction
Data mining
is applied to data sets in order to explore data and find information hidden from a naked eye.Examples: principle component analysis (PCA), clustering, regression models, classification, prediction
Our main goalEnhance fruit quality by understanding genetic, physic and metabolic traits
GermplasmBreeding
Agricultural techniquesStorage
Our main researches on VOCs- Dynamic VOC fingerprinting of apple fruit during processing
- Effect of storage and 1-MCP on apple VOCs content- Untargeted metabolomics investigation of VOCs involved in the
development of apple superficial scald- Comprehensive VOC profiling of an apple germplasm collection- QTL analysis coupled with PTR-ToF-MS
Does the concentration profile necessarily mirror the profile of the compounds released from apple and experienced
during consumption?
Artificial chewing3D VOCs
finger printing
How does texture influence VOC release
during apple consumption?
VOCs release examples
Dynamic VOCs fingerprinting
Dynamic VOCs fingerprinting
Dynamic VOCs fingerprinting
Intact vs «chewed» apple
INTACT
CHEWED
Title: prova prova prova
Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene
Control 1-MCP Flavour
?
Experimental design
CTRL
Harvest
1-MCP
21 d14 d7 d
2 monthsFuji
Golden D.
Granny Smith
2 months
1-MCP reduces apple VOCs
CTRL
1-MCP
CTRL1-MCP
Carbonyl compounds
H 7d 14d
21d
2m
ppb
v
H 7d 14d
21d
2m
ppb
v
Ester compounds
H 7d 14d
21d
2m H 7d 14d
21d
2m
ppb
v
Genome Wide Apple Array
ppb
v
Genome Wide Apple Array GWAAv_2
Genome Wide Apple Array v_2:
~ 63 K genes in the genome~ 7 K new genes identified~ 138 K probe newly designes~ 46 K genes tested/hyb.
H C T
Esters biosynthetic pathway
Unsaturate fatty acid
LOX
C6/C9 Aldehydes
ADH
Alcohols
AAT
Esters Harv. Ctrl 1-MCP
Acetaldehyde & Ethanol synthesis
Harv. Ctrl 1-MCP Harv. Ctrl 1-MCP
Work in progressBuild a network between genes and metabolites concerning apple fruit ripening/quality as influenced by 1-MCP post-harvest treatment
Apple superficial scald
Control 1-MCP VOCs marker
?
Apple superficial scald
Control
Control
1-MCP
1-MCP
Superficial scald: VOCs
Superficial scald: VOCsFlesh
Skin
Superficial scald: VOCs
CTRL
1MCP
Superficial scald: VOCs
Superficial scald: VOCs
Validation on intact fruit
Related published articles
Apple germplasm VOCs Apple fruit samples of 190 varieties from the germplasm collection of FEM.
Apples were analyzed after 2 months of cold refrigeration (2 °C) plus one day of fruit re-equilibration at room temperature.
VOC analysis in triplicate on the headspace produced by cut apple samples left to equilibrate for two minutes inside a 250 ml jar and by artificial chewed apple samples
Apple germplasm VOCs
Apple germplasm VOCs
Apple germplasm VOCs
Esters
Alcohols
Alcohols/ Esters factor
QTL analysis of VOCs‘Fuji×Delearly’ population
LG 2
QTL analysis of VOCs
LOD profile of a set of LG_2 QTLs identified on the chromosome 2 of the ‘Fuji× Delearly’ population. On this linkage group, the functional marker Md-AAT1SSR is depicted in red text.
LG_2
Related published articles
We can understand the symphony!
Now we have to direct it!
OR
- Understand the consumer preference- Marker-assisted Breeding- Optimal growing condition- Correct ripening stage- Optimal storage condition
The TEAMGenomics research groupRiccardo Velasco, Fabrizio Costa, Alice Tadiello, Nicola Busatto, Mario Di Guardo
Volatile Compound platformFranco Biasioli, Luca Cappellin, Iuliia Khomenko
“To affect the quality of the day, that is the highest of the arts.”- Henry David Thoreau
Thanks
for
your attentio
n