ANALOG AND DIGITAL

Center frequency of operation Bandwidth Insertion loss (for 360° phase shift) VSWR or return loss Switching time (for digital operation) or time

required for 360° phase change (for analog operation)

Switching power or energy (for digital operation) or dc holding power (for analog operation)

Phase error Power-handling capability(peak and average)

They are broadly divided into:

Ferrite Phase Shifters Semiconductor Phase Shifters

Ferrite Phase Shifters

Non Reciprocal

Reciprocal Non Reciprocal

Reciprocal

• Twin-toroid

• Toroidal

• Helical

• Circular toroid in circular waveguide

• Toroidal latching in stripline• Slow-wave structure in stripline• Microstrip meander line• Toroidal co- planar waveguide

• Dual mode

• Faraday rotation

• Stripline latching

• Microstrip meander line

Waveguide Planar/MIC

Semiconductor Phase Shifters

Reciprocal Reciprocal Non reciprocal

Non reciprocal

P-I-N diode

GaAs FET(Passive)

• Switched line• Hybrid coupled• Loaded line• High-pass low- pass• Switched network

GaAs FET (active switch)

• Switched path

GaAs FET (passive)

GaAs FET (active switch)

• Switched line/loaded line• Hybrid coupled• High-pass low -pass

• Switched path DGFET

Planar/hybrid MIC Monolithic

Twin-Toroid(S-V Bands)

Dual-Mode(S-V Bands)

PIN Diode(L-Ku Bands)

GaAs FET(L-V Bands)

Geometry Waveguide Waveguide Hybrid MIC MonolithicReciprocal/Non reciprocal

Non reciprocal

Reciprocal Reciprocal Reciprocal

Bandwidth 5% - 30% 5% - 10% 10% - 20% OctaveInsertion loss(dB)

0.5-1.0-1.6(S-Ka-V)

0.5-0.9-1.5(S-Ka-V)

0.5-2(L-Ku)

5-12

Switching time(µs)

1-1-5(V-Ka-S)

20-30-150(V-Ka-S)

<1 0.001

Switching power/energy

25-30-150µJ(V-Ka-S)

100-150-1000µJ(V-Ka-S)

0.1-5 W Negligible

FERRITE PHASE SHIFTERS

SEMICONDUCTOR PHASE SHIFTERS

Twin-Toroid(S-V Bands)

Dual-Mode(S-V Bands)

PIN Diode(L-Ku Bands)

GaAs FET(L-V Bands)

Peak Power 1-100 kW(Ka-S)

1-40 kW(Ka-S)

kW (pulse width dependent)

W

Average Power

1 kW(S- band)

500 W(S- Band)

W mW

TemperatureSensitivity

0.5º-3º /ºCTypical

0.5º-3º /ºCTypical

Negligible --

Insertion phase trimming for 10% tolerance

Usually required

Usually required

Not necessary

Not necessary

Radiation hardness

Excellent Excellent Poor --

Weight 1-4 oz(Ka-L)

1-4 oz(Ka-L)

0.5-1 oz(Ku-L)

<0.1 oz

FERRITE PHASE SHIFTERS

SEMICONDUCTOR PHASE SHIFTERS

Analog Phase Shifters

Semiconductor

Reciprocal Reciprocal Non reciprocal

Ferrite

Reciprocal

• Reggia Spencer

• Rotary Field

Varactor Diode

GaAs FET(variable gain amplifier)

Varactor Diode

• Hybrid coupled

• DGFET circuit using vector summation

• Hybrid coupled