Pharm Phlash! Pharmacology Flash Cards

Pharm Phlash!Pharmacology Flash Cards

Valerie I. Leek, MSN, RNC-NIC, CMSRNAssistant Professor of NursingCumberland County CollegeVineland, New Jersey

F. A. DAVIS COMPANY Philadelphia

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2008 FA Davis Company

About the pagination of this eBook This eBook contains a series of flash cards. In the printed version of the book, the front and flip sides of each flash card are numbered with the same card number. Since our eBooks cannot accommodate duplicate page numbers, we have inserted the suffix a after the card number on the flip side or answer side of the cards. For example, the front side or question side of flash card #1 is numbered 1. The flip side or answer side of flash card #1 is numbered 1a.

F. A. Davis Company1915 Arch StreetPhiladelphia, PA 19103www.fadavis.com

Copyright 2009 by F. A. Davis Company

Copyright 2009 by F. A. Davis Company. All rights reserved.This book is protected by copyright. No part of it may be repro-duced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form orby any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording,or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher.

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As new scientific information becomes available through basic and clinicalresearch, recommended treatments and drug therapies undergo changes.The author(s) and publisher have done everything possible to make thisbook accurate, up to date, and in accord with accepted standards at thetime of publication. The author(s), editors, and publisher are not responsi-ble for errors or omissions or for consequences from application of thebook, and make no warranty, expressed or implied, in regard to the con-tents of the book. Any practice described in this book should be applied bythe reader in accordance with professional standards of care used in regardto the unique circumstances that may apply in each situation. The reader isadvised always to check product information (package inserts) for changesand new information regarding dose and contraindications before adminis-tering any drug. Caution is especially urged when using new or infrequentlyordered drugs.

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Dedication

To my husband, David, whose love, faith, and wonderful dinners made hard work so bearable.

To my son Zachary, whose vision and hope are larger than life.

To my son Jeffrey, whose love and gentle patience calm me.

To my granddaughter Cadence, who I hope will be proud of her Noni.

To my parents Pauline and Harry Fallows, whose love and support are limitless.

To my colleagues, Joy Wood, Priscilla Meyers, and Deirdre Conroy, who supported me inthe development and application of this project.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank all the hard-working nursing students who used my Pharm Phlash!,survived it, and learned. You are the amazing, transformed persons who sustain me in mypractice as an instructor.

I'd also like to thank all the wonderful people I've worked with at F.A. Davis Company,including Tom, Nora, and Julie. You've made this journey a pleasant one.

Valerie I. Leek

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Reviewers

Deborah S. Bridgewater, RN, MSNProfessor, Coordinator of Academic SupportSt. Marys School of NursingHuntington, WV

Sally K. Davis, RN, MSNNursing InstructorWestern Wisconsin Technical CollegeLaCrosse, WI

Penny Fairman, MSN, EdDHealthcare Education ConsultantFairman and AssociatesShow Low, AZ

Linda C. McIntosh, PhD, RN, LPCAssistant Professor North Carolina A&T State UniversitySchool of NursingGreensboro, NC

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List of Icons

Gastrointestinal System Drugs

Endocrine System Drugs

Urologic System Drugs

Immune System Drugs

Musculoskeletal System Drugs

Central Nervous System Drugs

Cardiovascular System Drugs

Respiratory System Drugs

Sensory System Affecting the Eye

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ABGs arterial blood gasesac before mealsACE angiotensin-converting

enzymeADH antidiuretic hormoneADHD attention-deficit/

hyperactivity disorderAFB acid-fast bacillusALT alanine aminotransferaseANA antinuclear antibodiesAPAP acetaminophenaPTT activated partial throm-

boplastin timeASA acetylsalicylic acidAST aspartate aminotrans-

ferasebid two times a dayBMS bone marrow suppressionBNP brain natriuretic peptideBP blood pressurebpm beats per minuteBUN blood urea nitrogenCa+ serum calciumcap capsuleCBC complete blood count

CHF congestive heart failureCNS central nervous systemCO cardiac outputCOPD chronic obstructive

pulmonary diseaseCPK creatine phosphokinaseCR controlled releaseCSF colony-stimulating factor;

cerebrospinal fluidCT computerized tomographyCV cardiovascularCVA cerebrovascular accidentCVC central venous catheterCVP central venous pressureCXR chest x-rayD5/0.9%NaCl 5% dextrose and normal

saline solution (0.9% NaCl)

D5/12 NS 5% dextrose and half normal saline solution (0.45% NaCl)

D5W 5% dextrose in waterDerm dermatologyDKA diabetic ketoacidosisdL deciliter

DMARD disease modulating anti-rheumatic drug

DNA deoxyribonucleic acidDVT deep vein thrombosisECG electrocardiogramEEG electroencephalogramEENT eye, ear, nose, and throatEMS Emergency Medical

ServicesEndo endocrineEPS extrapyramidal symptomsER extended-releaseESRD end-stage renal diseaseF and E fluid and electrolyteG, g, gm gramGABA gamma-aminobutyric

acidGERD gastroesophageal reflux

diseaseGFR glomerular filtration

rateGI gastrointestinalGTT glucose tolerance testGU genitourinaryHCP health-care professional

Abbreviations Used on Cards

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HDL high-density lipoproteinsHemat hematologicHgb A1c hemoglobin A1c glycos-

lated hemoglobinhr hour(s)HRT hormone replacement

therapyHTN hypertensionIM intramuscularInhaln inhalationINR international normalized

ratioI&O intake and outputIT intrathecalIV intravenousK+ potassiumKCl potassium chloridekg kilogramL literLA long-actingLDH lactic dehydrogenaseLDL low-density lipoproteinsLFT liver function testsLR lactated Ringers solutionMAO monoamine oxidaseMAOI monoamine oxidase

inhibitor

mcg microgram(s)MDI metered dose inhalermEq milliequivalentMetab metabolicmg milligramMg+ serum magnesiumMI myocardial infarctionmin minute(s)Misc miscellaneousmL millilitermo month(s)MRI magnetic resonance

imagingMS musculoskeletalNa sodiumNaCl sodium chloride0.9% NaCl 0.9% NaCl solution/

normal salineNeuro neurologicNG nasogastricNMDA N-methyl-D-aspartateNPO nothing by mouthNRTI nucleoside reverse

transcriptase inhibitorNS(S) normal saline (solution)NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-

inflammatory drugs

OCD obsessive-compulsive disorder

Oint ointmentOphth ophthalmicOTC over-the-counteroz ounce(s)pc after mealsPCA patient-controlled

analgesiaPCWP pulmonary capillary

wedge pressurePE pulmonary embolusPO by mouth, orallyPrn as neededPT prothrombin timePVC premature ventricular

contractionsq everyqid four times a dayRA rheumatoid arthritisRBC red blood cellRDA recommended daily

allowanceRect rectumREM rapid-eye movementResp respiratoryRFT renal function tests

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RNA ribonucleic acidRx prescriptionSA sinoatrialSAMe S-adenosyl-L-methioninesubcut (sc) subcutaneouslysec(s) second(s)SL sublingualSOB shortness of breathSR sustained releaseSSRIs selective serotonin

reuptake inhibitor(s)stat immediately

supp suppositorytab tabletTB tuberculosistbs tablespoon(s)tid three times a dayTNF tumor necrosis factorTop topically or topicaltsp teaspoonVFib ventricular fibrillationVLDL very low-density

lipoproteinsVS vital sounds

VT ventricular tachycardiaWBC white blood cellwk week(s)yr year(s)

increased or high decreased or low

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Gastrointestinal System Drugs, Cards 127Electrolyte Modifiers, Cards 15Gastric Mucosa Protectors, Cards 610Antidiarrheals, Cards 1113Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Card 14Laxatives/Bowel Preps/Antiflatulents, Cards 1521Antiemetics, Cards 22-26Appetite Stimulants, Card 27

Endocrine System Drugs, Cards 2850InsulinVery Rapid-Acting, Card 28InsulinRapid-Acting, Card 29InsulinSlow-Acting, Card 30InsulinBasal Agents, Card 31Antidiabetic Agents, Cards 3239Pancreatics, Card 40Thyroid, Cards 4143Adrenal, Cards 4445Pituitary Drugs, Cards 4649Gonadal, Card 50

Urologic System Drugs, Cards 5163Affecting Urination, Cards 5152Diuretics, Cards 5355Mens Health, Cards 5658Dialysis/Renal Failure, Cards 5963

Immune System Drugs, Cards 6494Anti-Inflammatory and Disease-

Modulating Agents, Cards 6476Anti-Infectives, Cards 7794

Musculoskeletal System Drugs, Cards 9599Muscle Relaxants, Cards 9596Myasthenia Gravis, Card 97Osteoporosis, Cards 9899

Central Nervous System Drugs, Cards 100151Analgesics, Cards 100106Opioid Reversal Agents, Card 107Anesthetics and Sleep Inducers, Cards 108115

Contents

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Anticonvulsants, Cards 116122Anti-Parkinsons and Anti-Alzheimers

Agents, Cards 123130Affecting Mental Health, Cards 131142Stimulants, Cards 143151

Cardiovascular System Drugs, Cards 152176Affecting Coagulation, Cards 152159Affecting Contractility/Rhythm/Circulating

Blood Volume, Cards 160169Anti-Anginal, Card 170Lipid-Lowering Agents, Cards 171175Blood-Forming Agents, Card 176

Respiratory System Drugs, Cards 177185Bronchodilating Agents, Cards 177180Mucolytic/Expectorant Agents, Cards 181182Anti-Allergy/Anti-Inflammatory

Agents, Cards 183185

Sensory System Drugs, Cards 186189Ophthalmic Agents, Cards 186189

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Teaching and learning pharmacology is a largeundertaking. Memorization of drugs as single enti-ties is almost impossible, even for those of us withwonderful recall. After years of trial and error, Idecided that grouping the drugs in classes wouldbe the best method of instruction to promote student recall. Pharm Phlash! is the happy result ofthis type of instruction.

Pharm Phlash! is a tried and true method ofpharmacology instruction. Students learn totake clues from both the generic and tradenames. When I ask students What kind of drugends with olol, ilol, or alol, they can tell mequickly that these are beta-adrenergic blockers.As a pharmacology instructor, this is music tomy ears. I hope you will experience the sameresults.

I recommend that students practice theirknowledge by reinforcing quizzes and tests. I have

written 8 quizzes and 2 tests that can be accessedon the DavisPlus website.

Medications are grouped in systems, and theninto pharmacologic groups with similar action.There is a table of contents for general access anda full index alphabetized that will direct you bygeneric, brand name, and Canadian brand names( ). The cards are designed with the drug nameson the front with their body system and basic use.

On the back of the cards you will find

1. Therapeutic/Pharmacologic class (theseare always listed in this order)

2. Indications for use of the drug

3. Action of the drug

4. Adverse Reactions/Side Effects detailingall reactions but important informationwill appear in bold, red type

Introduction

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5. Keep in Mind section that includes clientteaching

6. Make the Connection area where informa-tion crucial to safe medication informationis listed. Again extremely important infor-mation is in bold, red type. Laboratory andvital sign parameters are listed here, alongwith nursing implications and evaluativedata.

7. Possible nursing diagnoses are listed to helpwith care planning activities.

8. Other applications for the drugs are listedas a cross-referencing tool.

This learning system is not meant to replacea complete drug reference book or pharmaco-logy text. It is meant as a tool to mentally groupand learn common drugs. Students who employthis system will make the connection andlearn their medications, laboratory values thatare important for safe administration, and vitalsign parameters. Best of luck to all.

Valerie I. Leek, MSN, RNC-NIC, CMSRNAssistant Professor of NursingCumberland County College

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Calcium Carbonate(kal-see-um kar-bo-nate)

Os-Cal, Tums, Tums E-X, Nephro-Calci

Apo-Cal

Calcium Gluconate (kal-see-um gloo-koh-nate)

Kalcinate

Gastrointestinal System Drugs Electrolyte Modifiers 1

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Potassium Chloride(po-tas-e-um clor-ide)

K-Dur, K-Lor, Klor-Con, Micro-KExtenCaps, Slow-K

Apo-K, K-Long




Sodium Bicarbonate(soe-dee-um bye-kar-boe-nate)

Baking Soda, Bell-Ans, Citrocarbonate, Neut, Soda Mint

Sodium Citrate and Citric Acid

(soe-dee-um sye-trate and sit-rik as-id)

Bicitra, Oracit PMS-Dicitrate





0.9% NaCl Solution (Isotonic);

0.45% NaCl Solution(Hypotonic)

(soe-dee-um klor-ide soe-loo-shun)

5% Dextrose inWater (Isotonic)

(dex-tros)

LactatedRingers

Solution (Isotonic)(lak-tate-ed ring-ers soe-loo-shun)

Dextrose 5% and 0.9%NaCl (Hypertonic)

Dextrose 5% and0.45% NaCl(Hypertonic)



Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate

(soe-dee-um po-lee-stye-reen sul-fon-ate)

Kayexalate K-Exit




Gastrointestinal System Drugs Gastric Mucosa Protectors 6

Famotidine (fa-moe-ti-deen)

Pepcid

Cimetidine(sye-me-ti-deen)

TagametApo-Cimetidine

Ranitidine(ra-ni-ti-deen)

ZantacZantac-C

Nizatidine(ni-za-ti-deen)

Axid




Esomeprazole(es-o-mep-ra-zole)

Nexium

Omeprazole(o-mep-ra-zole)

Prilosec; Prilosec OTCLosec

Pantoprazole(pan-toe-pra-zole)

Protonix; Protonix I.V.

Lanzoprazole(lan-soe-pra-zole)

Prevacid



Misoprostol(mye-soe-prost-ole)

Cytotec




Sucralfate(soo-kral-fate)

Carafate Sulcrate




Lansoprazole/Amoxicillin/Clarithromycin

(lan-soe-pra-zole/a-mox-i-sil-in/kla-rith-roe-mye-sin)

(Prevacid/Amoxil/Biaxin) PREVPAC

Bismuth Subsalicylate/Metronidazole/Tetracycline

(biz-muth sub-sa-lis-i-late/me-troe-ni-da-zole/te-tra-sye-kleen)

Pepto-Bismol/Flagyl/AchromycinHELIDAC




Bismuth Subsalicylate(biz-muth sub-sa-lis-i-late)

Pepto-Bismol PMS-Bismuth Subsalicylate

Attapulgite(at-a-pull-gite)

Kaopectate Kaopectate

Gastrointestinal System Drugs Antidiarrheals 11



Atropine(at-ro-peen)

Atro-Pen

Hyoscyamine(hi-oh-si-a-meen)

Anaspaz, Levsin





Diphenoxylate/Atropine

(dye-fen-ox-i-late/a-troe-peen)

Lomotil

Loperamide(loe-per-a-mide)

Imodium

Codeine(koe-deen)

Codeine



Alosetron(a-low-se-tron)

Lotronex

Gastrointestinal System Drugs Irritable Bowel Syndrome 14



Psyllium(sill-i-yum)

Metamucil, Karacil

Methylcellulose(meth-il-sell-you-lose)

Citrucel

Gastrointestinal System Drugs Laxatives/Bowel Preps/Antiflatulents 15



Polyethylene Glycol/Electrolyte(po-lee-eth-e-leen glye-kole/e-lek-troe-lite)

GoLYTELY, NuLytely, MIRALAX Klean-Prep

Sodium Chloride/SodiumBicarbonate/Potassium

Chloride with Bisacodyl SlowRelease Tablets

Halflytely




Simethicone(si-meth-i-kone)

Gas-X, Mylicon, PhazymeOvol





Sennoside(sen-oh-side)

Ex-Lax, FletchersCastoria, Senokot

Bisacodyl(bis-a-koe-dill)

Dulcolax Bisaco-Lax

Casanthranol & Docusate Sodium

(ka-san-thran-ole & dok-you-sate so-dee-um)

Peri-Colace



Lactulose(lak-tyoo-lose)

Cephulac, Kristalose, Chronulac Lactulax




Docusate Calcium(dok-yoo-sate kal-see-um)

Surfak; DC Softgels

Docusate Sodium(dok-yoo-sate soe-dee-um)

Colace Regulex





MagnesiumOxide

(mag-nee-zhum ox-ide)

Mag-Ox 400

MagnesiumSulfate (IV)

(mag-nee-zhum sul-fate)

Magnesium Sulfate Inj

Magnesium Hydroxide (mag-nee-zhum hye-drox-ide)

Dulcolax Magnesia Tablets, Phillips Magnesia Tablets,

Phillips Milk of Magnesia, MOM



Scopolamine(scoe-pol-a-meen)

Isopto Hyoscine, Transderm-Scop, Transderm-V

Gastrointestinal System Drugs Antiemetics 22



Meclizine(mek-li-zeen)

Antivert, Bonine, Dramamine II Bonamine

Gastrointestinal System Drugs Antiemetics 23



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