Pharm Drugs List

Hematologic & Immune System Medications CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM

OF ACTIONINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS NURSING

CONSIDERATIONS AND PATIENT EDUCATION

Cytoxan

Antineoplastic, immunosuppressants

Death of rapidly replicating malignant cells.

↓ or prevent an immune response and suppress the immune system

Cancers, lymphomas, myelomas, leukemias.Prevent organ transplant rejection.Tx for autoimmune diseases

BM suppression:(pancytopenia), N/V/D, hepatotoxic, alopecia, cardio-pulmo. fibrosis

Rx for infection.Rx for hemorrhageMonitor VSMonitor kidney fx (↑ fluids)Take meds w/ meals.

Folic Acid

Antianemic, vitamin

Maintains and restores normal erythropoiesis.

Prevention and Tx of megaloblastic anemias. During pregnancy: promotes normal fetal growth. Prevent NTD.

Allergic RxRashesfever

Monitor folate and B12 levelsH & HEncourage to eat foods ↑ in Folic acid:(veggies, organ meats)

Cyanocobalamine

(Vit. B12)

Antianemic, vitamin

Corrects manifestations of pernicious anemia. (Megaloblastic anemia, GI lesions, and neuro damage)

Vit.B12 deficiency, to meet demands.

Confirmed w/ Schilling

AnaphylaxisDiarrheaItchingHypokalemiaPain at inj. site

Given IMLife-long medicationGive w/ mealsEncourage to eat animal products

Ferrous Sulfate

Iron supplement,antianemic

Prevent and Tx iron deficiency.

Need for hemoglobin formation.

Prevent and Tx iron deficiency anemia.

GI upset (constipation, dk stools), hypotension,Seizures, stains teeth (PO) or skin (IM),Anaphylaxis

Assess bowel fx; dk stool (- occult bld)Monitor BP and HR; H&HEncourage to eat gr. leafy veggiesand organ meats; take w/ OJ to ↑ absorp.PO: Use straw; Z-track IM

Lovenox(Enoxaprin)

Anticoagulant, low molecular heparin

Prophylactic/ Prevention of further thrombus (clot) formation.

DVT, PE- thromboemboli, ischemic complications;

(prevents clots, especially in immobile patients).

Bleeding, anemia, thrombocytopenia, dizziness, HA, constipation, N/V

Assess s/s of bleeding and hemorrhageAssess nuero & pulmonary fxMonitor CBCAntidote: Protamine sulfate

Epogen(Erythropoetin)

Hormone,antianemic

Maintains and may elevate RBCs

Tx of anemia assoc. w/ renal failure or AIDS therapy.

HTN, arthralgias, fatigue, HA, SEIZURES

Monitor BP, CBCEncourage foods ↑ in iron

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Gastrointestinal System Medications CLASSIFICATI

ON NAMEMECHANISM



Lactulose

Osmotic, laxative

↑ water content and softens the stool.↓ pH of colon→↓ NH4

Tx of chronic constipationManagement of hepatic encephalopathy.

Belching, cramps, distention, flatulence, diarrhea, hyperglucemia

Assess abdominal distention, bowel sounds, stoolsMonitor mental status, BG, NH4

Take w/ fruit juiceDesmopressin

(DDAVP)

Hormone, antidiuretic / vasopressin

Controls bleeding in hemophilia.Prevents nocturnal enuresis

Maintains approp. water content in Diabetes Insip.

Controls bleeding in hemophiliaManagement of nocturnal enuresis;

Tx of D.I.

Drowsiness, pharyngitis, dry mouth, anaphylaxis

Assess allergy symptoms, lung sounds and bronchial secretionsMaintain fluid intake 1500-2000 ml/dayAvoid EOTH

Neomycin(Aminoglycosi

des)

Anti-infectives

Bacterialcidal action.Powerful antibiotics used to treat serious infections caused by gram (-) bacteria

To suppress GI bacteria→ ↓ NH4 →preventing hepatic coma.Tx for skin wounds and infections

Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hypomagnesium, muscle paralysis, hypersensitivity

Short-term IV or IMAssess for infection, I/O, daily weight,Hearing lossMonitor mental status, renal fx

Zantac(Ranitidine)

Tagamet(Cimetidine)

Antiulcer agents, histamine H2 antagonist

Healing and preventing ulcers. ↓ symptoms of GER and secretions of gastric acid.

Prevents acid inactivation of pancreatic enzymes.GERD, multiple peptic ulcers.Prevent and Tx heartburn, acid indigestion, sour stomach

Confusions, HA, dizziness, arrhythmias, impotence, gynecomastia, thrombocytopenia

Take meds before meals and bedtimeDon’t stop taking meds abruptlyNo EOTH or other CNS depressantsAvoid taking meds antacidsReduce stress and help heal ulcersAssess abdominal pain, occult blood,Monitor CBC

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Neurological System MedicationsCLASSIFICATION

NAMEMECHANISM



Riluzole(Rilutek)

Glutamate antagonist

Exact mechanism of action in ALS is unknown.Slows the deterioration of motor neurons by counteracting the excitatory glutaminergic pathways.

Slows the progress of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. May delay the need for a tracheostomy, not a cure for ALS.

Dizziness, tiredness, upset stomach, stomach pain, diarrhea, muscle weakness or aches, anorexia, HA

Monitor liver function: ↑ liver enzymes.Monitor WBC.Take on an empty stomach (1 hour before or 2 hours after meals). Avoid drinking or eating a lot of caffeine. Avoid eating charcoal-broiled foods.

Prostigmin(neostigmine)

AnticholinesteraseAntimyasthenics, cholinergics

Provide symptomatic relief by ↑ concent. Of available Ach at neuromuscular junction → ↑ muscle fx.Improved bladder-emptying in pt with urinary retention.

Improvement in muscle strength in MG.Prevention and Tx of post-op bladder distention and urinary retention or ileus.

SEIZURES, dizziness , bronchospasm, n/v/d,XS secretions, bradycardia, abdominal cramps, hypotension

Assess VS, neuromuscular status.Assess for under/over-dosage (cholinergic crisis). Use Tensilon test to distinguish. Monitor abdomen/ bladder status, I/O, Maintain stable blood levels of Ach med. Give ON TIME & w/ food

Tensilon(Edrophonium Cl)

Anticholinesterase

Stops breakdown of Ach→↑ Ach availability. Tensilon is given IV 2mg -10mg. After 30sec facial`1q weakness resolves and ptosis in 5min. Immediate improvement= positive test & confirms dx.

Diagnostic test for myasthenia gravis.

Because brief duration of action, it’s not recommended for maintenance therapy in MG.

SEIZURES, Capillary constriction, diplopia, laryngospasm, arrhythmias, twitching,↓CO→ hypotension, abdominal cramps, N/V/D, urinary freq.

Observe for severe cholinergic reaction (stop meds). Myasthenic crisis (↑ meds) Observed for bradycardia or cardiac standstill and cholinergic reactions if an overdose is given.Give Atropine 0.4 mg to control s/e of Tensilon (bradycardia, sweating, cramps)

Baclofen

Antispasticity agents, skeletal

muscle relaxants

Inhibits reflexes at spinal level.↓ muscle spasticity; bowel and bladder fx may also be improved.

Tx of reversible spasticity due to MS or spinal cord lesion

SEIZURES, drowsiness, dizziness, fatigue, confusion, HA, edema, hypotension, nausea, constipation, hyperglycemia, ataxia

Assess muscle spasticity. Observe for adverse effects.Monitor BG and liver enzymes.Administer w/ milk or food to ↓ gastric irritation.

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Levodopa

Antiparkinson agent, Dopamine agonist

Relief of tremor and rigidity in Parkinson’s syndrome.

Converts to dopamine in CNS, serves as neurotransm.

(↑ dopamine)

Parkinson’s disease.

Not useful for drug-induced EPS.

Dyskinesia, involuntary movements, anxiety, dizziness, blurred vision, N/V, anorexia, dry mouth, hemolytic anemia, ↓ WBC

Assess parkinsonian symptomsAssess BP and pulse freq. Give with mealsMonitor bowel fxMonitor I/OMonitor hepatic and renal fx

Neurological System MedicationsCLASSIFICATION

NAMEMECHANISM



Symmetrel

Antiparkinson agent, antiviral

Antiviral that ↑ the release of dopamine.Relief of parkinsonian symptoms.Prevent and Tx influenza A

Symptomatic initial and adjunct Tx of Parkinson’s disease.Prophylaxis and Tx of influenza A viral infections

Confusion, ataxia, dizziness, insomnia, blurred vision, hypotension, mottling.

Monitor blood pressure freq. (OH)Monitor I/OMonitor VS and mental status.Do not give close to bedtime

Beta Interferons

Avonex, Rebif(interferone beat-

1a)

Betaseron(interferon beta-

1b)

interferons,Anti-MS agents

Anti viral and immunoregulatory properties →↓ T-cell proliferation.

↓ incidence of relapse (neurologic dysfunction) and slow physical disability.

Multiple Sclerosis Flu-like symptoms, seizures, HA, mental depression, weakness, N/V/D, conjunctivitis, sweating, photosensitivity,neutropenia, injection-site reaction (w/ beta-1b), myalgia, chills, fever, pain

Assess freq. of exacerbations of MS.

Monitor for signs of depression.

Monitor Hgb, WBC, platelets, and blood chemistry and liver function.

May give analgesic for flu-like symptoms.

Take measures to prevent photosensitivity reactions.

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Genitourinary System Medications CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



DIURETICSLoop Diuretics

Furosemide (Lasix)

Bumetanide (Bumex)

Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin)

Inhibit sodium & chloride reabsorption from loop of Henle and distal renal tubule.

↑ renal excretion of H2O, Na, Cl, Mg, H, and Ca.

↑Vasodilation→↓peripheral resistance→↓BP

Edema associated with:

CHF Hepatic or

renal disease

Adjunct therapy for control of HTN.

Dizziness, HA, tinnitus, hypotension, N/V/D, constipation, dehydration, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, cramps,Thrombocytopenia, spasms

Monitor VS (BP & P) and fluid status freq. Monitor daily weight, I/O, serum electrolyte values.

Assess edema (amount & location), lung sounds, skin turgor, mucous membranes.

Monitor potassium levels (3.5-5.0).

Monitor blood glucose (100 mg/dL) -in loop/thiazide diuretics.

Potassium-sparing

Diuretics

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Amiloride (Midamor)

Triamterene (Dyrenium)

Weak diuretic and antihypertensive.

Blocks effects of aldosterone in renal tubule, causing loss of Na and H2O and retention of potassium.

Prevents hypokalemia caused by other diuretics.Used with other diuretics to treat edema or HTN.Spironolactone: Hyperaldosteronism. Management of CHF.

Dizziness, HA, cramps, N/V/D, urinary frequency, weakness, hyperkalemia.

Spironolactone:Clumsiness, gynecomastia, amenorrhea

Change position slowly to prevent OH.

If receiving digoxin, watch for digitalis toxicity.

↑ foods high in potassium (bananas, oranges, potatoes, meat, fish, raisins)

Take in AM to avoid sleep disturb.

Osmotic Diuretics

Mannitol(Osmitrol, Resectisol)

Pulls water into blood vessels and nephrons from surrounding tissues→ inhibits reabsorption of H2O and electrolyes, along with toxins from kidney.

Adjunct tx of :∙ acute oliguric renal failure∙ edema∙ ↑ICP or intraocular pressure∙ excretion of toxic substances.

Confusion, HA, hypotension, rash, nausea, anorexia, dry mouth, thirst, diuresis,fluid and electrolyte imbalances.

Report to MD: rapid HR or syncope, weight gain 2lbs or more.

Report adverse effects: N/V/D

Hypokalemia (muscle weakness & twitching, lethargy, irregular pulse)

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Genitourinary System Medications CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



Phosphate Binders

Sevelamer(Renagel)

electrolyte modifiers

Binds with phosphate in the GI tract, preventing its absorption.

Reduction of the level of phosphorus in the blood of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Nausea Vomiting Diarrhea Dyspepsia Constipation Flatulence

Assess GI side effects.

Monitor serum phosphorus, calcium, bicarbonate, chloride levels

Swallow whole (Don’t crush or chew)

Take all other medicines at least one hour before or three hours after.Take with meals.

Aluminum hydroxide(Alu-Cap)

antacids, phosphate

binders

Prevent a continuing rise in serum phosphate levels by decreasing the absorption of phosphate from intestinal tract

Neutralizes gastric acid and inactivates pepsin

Treatment for Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia in CRF.

Adjuct therapy in treating gastric ulcers, hyperacidity, indigestion.

Constipation Hypophosphate

mia

** Prolong use leads to toxicity: neuro symptoms and osteomalacia. MD may recommend Calcium Carbonate instead**

Assess gastric pain.Monitor phosphate and calcium levels.

Take with full glass of water

Should be swallowed whole 10-15 minutes before meals.

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Calcium Salts

Calcium acetate

(Calphron, PhosLo)

Calcium carbonate(Titralac,

Calci-chew)

Calcium gluconate(Kalcinate)

Mineral & electrolyte replace/ supplements

Maintain cell membrane and capillary permeability.

Replacement of calcium deficiency.

Control of hyperphosphatemia in end-stage renal disease without promoting aluminum absorption.

Calcium carbonate:Protects heart from effects of hyperkalemia.

Tx and prevention of hypocalcemia.

Emergency tx of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia and adjunct in cardiac arrest.

Calcium acetate:Control of hyperphosphatemia in ESRD.

Calcium carbonate:May be used as antacid.

Cardiac Arrest Arrhythmias Bradycardia Constipation Phlebitis Syncope Tingling Calculi Hypercalciuria

.

Monitor VS (BP & P) and ECG freq.

Observe for s/s of hypocalcemia (paresthesia, muscle twitching, colic)

Monitor pt on digitalis glycosides for signs of toxicity.

Monitor phosphate levels and electrolytes.

For Hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia; must take with food.

Endocrine System Medications CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



Synthroid(levothyroxine)

Hormones, thyroid preparations

↑ metabolic rate of body tissues.Restores normal hormone balance.Suppresses thyroid cancer.

Replacement/substitution in diminished or absent thyroid function.Thyroid cancer (thyrotropin-dependent)

Irritability, Insomnia, HA, arrhythmias, tachycardia, weight loss, Cardiovascular Collapse, HTN, ↑ CO

Assess AP & BP. For tachyarrhythmias & chest pain.Monitor thyroid function; blood & urine glucose.Give before breakfast (to avoid insomnia)

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Tapazole(methimazole)

Propylthiouracil

(PTU)

Thioamides,Antithyroid agents

Prevents the formation of thyroid hormone within the thyroid cells→ ↓serum levels of thyroid hormone.

Blocks the utilization of iodine→ prevents synthesis of thyroid hormone

Palliative treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Rash, N/V, lethargy, drowsiness, bradycardia, Agranulocytosis

Methimazole:BM suppressionPTU:GI distress

Monitor hyperthyroidism response (tachycardia, palpitations, insomnia, fever, heat intolerance, tremors, wt loss)Monitor hypothyroidism (intolerance to cold, constipation, dry skin, HA, weakness)Assess skin for rashes or swollen nodes.Give before breakfast. Seafood and iodine may be restricted.Monitor CBC & differential.Monitor for s/s of infection or bleeding.

Bromocriptine

(Parlodel)

Dopamine agonist/ antineoplastic

Direct dopamine agonist on dopamine receptor sites in substantia nigra. Inhibits GH secretion.Antiparkinson agent.Tx of acromegaly.

Tx of Parkinson; hyperprolactinemia assoc. with pituitary adenomas, female infertility assoc. with hyperprolactinemia.

Confusion, dizziness, hypotension, N/V, HA, visual disturbances, abdominal pain, leg cramps, fatigue, nasal congestion

Monitor thyroid function, glucose tolerance, and GH levels.Assist with ambulation.Avoid tasks that require alertness, motor skills until response to drug.Teach contraceptives (other than PO)

Calcium gluconate

Mineral & electrolyte replace/ supplements

Act as activator in transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle.

For hypoparathyroidism.

Replacement of Ca in deficient states.

Arrhytmias, constipation, phlebitis, cardiac arrest

Assess & monitor: BP, ECG, & renal fxAssess & monitor electrolytes: Mg, Ph, KMonitor serum and urine Ca levelsIV- push slowly, tabs 30 min-1hr after meals, liquids before meals.

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Mineral-corticoids

Fludrocortisone

(Florinef)

Hormones/ corticosteroids

↑ Na reabsorption in renal tubules and ↑ K and H excretion→ Na & H2O retention

Adrenal insufficiency (Addison’s); replacement therapy in combination with glucocorticoid.Tx of salt-losing adrenogenital syndrome.

Frontal and occipital HA, arthralgia, weakness, ↑ blood volume, edema, HTN, CHF, rash, anaphylaxis, hypokalemia

Assess VS, breath sounds, weight, tissue turgor; reflexes and bilateral grip strength, serum electrolyte.Monitor for hypokalemia.Avoid infections; avoid fresh fruits and veggies or wash very carefully

Endocrine System Medications CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



Gluco-corticoid

Celestone(betamethasone)

Cortisone(Cortone Acetate)

Cortef(hydrocortisone)

Medrol(methyprednisol

one)

Delta-Cortef(prednisolone)

Deltasone(prednisone)

Corticosteroids

Initiate complex reactions responsible for anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects.

Causes release of epinephrine from adrenal medulla.

Stimulate ↑ of glucose levels for energy.

When combined with mineralocorticoids some of these drugs can be used in replacement therapy for adrenal insufficiency.

Management of adrenal insufficiency.

Used systemically and locally for chronic diseases including: inflammatory, allergic, hematologic, neoplastic, autoimmune disorders.

Immunosupressant s in prevention of organ rejection.

Management of acute spinal cord injury (methylprednisolone)

Depression euphoria HTN Peptic ulcers N/V ↓ wound healing Adrenal

suppression Hyperglycemia Weight gain Na & H2O

retention CHF Immunosuppressi

on Osteoporosis Muscle wasting Cushingoid appearance.

Administer daily in AM.

Do not discontinue abruptly.

Protect from infection or invasive procedures.

Caution in pts with DM or peptic ulcers.

Monitor I/O, daily weight & electrolytes.

Signs of fluid retention.

Give with meal.

Monitor for s/s of adrenal insufficiency(HA, hypotension, wt. loss, weakness)

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Multi-System Medications CLASSIFICATION

NAMEMECHANISM



Silver sulfadiazine(Silvadene)

Anti-infective/ bactericidal

Antibacterial and antifungal agent.

Adjunct for prevention and treatment of wound sepsis in patients with 2º and 3º burns.

Burning feeling at site, N/V/D, HA, anorexia, photosensitivity, joint pain, hemolytic anemia, hypoglycemia, Lupus, Liver/kidney problems

Monitor CBC & hepatic/renal fx.Monitor for leucopenia for 2-3 days.If burns are extensive or prolonged therapy: monitor electrolytes, UA,CBCCover entire woundMay cause brown-gray discoloration.

Mafenide acetate

(Sulfamylon)

Bacteriostatic for many gram-negative and gram-positive organisms,

Control bacterial infection when used under moist dressings over meshed autografts on excised burn wounds.

Pain or burning sensation, allergic reaction, bleeding or oozing of skin, or metabolic acidosis

Apply with sterile gloves/ ∆ dressing q6º. Monitor ABGs (d/c if acidosis).Give analgesic prior, may cause severe burning pain for up to 20 mins after application.

Morphine

Opioid agonist, narcotic

Acts as agonist at specific opioid receptors in CNS to produce analgesia, euphoria, and sedation.

Relief of moderate to severe acute or chronic pain.Pulmonary edema.Pain assoc. with MI.

Confusion, sedation, Respiratory depression, hypotension,↓HR,constipation, N/V, shock, urinary retention

Assess pain, LOC, BP, pulses, respirations, bowel fx.Monitor for dependence or tolerance.Have Narcan available for OD

Versed(midazolam)

Sedatives/ hypnotics

benzodiazepines

Acts at many levels of CNS to produced generalized CNS depression.Short-term sedation; post-op amnesia.

Sedation, anxiolysis and amnesia before procedureInduction of anesthesia; continuous sedation of intubated patients.

Respiratory depression, laryngospasm, cardiac arrest, drowsiness, HA, XS sedation, N/V, arrhythmias, phlebitis

Monitor VS, respirations and level of sedation q 3-5min.Give Romazicon for OD.Grapefruit juice ↓metabolism & ↑effectsMonitor LOC and sedation

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Digoxin(Lanoxin)

Digitalis glycosides

↑ force of myocardial contraction.↑ cardiac output and ↓ heart rate.

Tx of CHF, atrial fibrillation & atrial flutter, tachyarrhythmias

HA, weakness, drowsiness, visual disturbances, N/V arrhythmias, fatigue, bradycardia, GI upset

Monitor apical pulse for 1 min before administration. Hold if <60 bpm.Monitor pulse, wt., I/O and ECG.Adm. IV slowly >5 min, avoid IM.Monitor electrolytes & digoxin levelsTherapeutic level: 0.5-2; toxic >2Have Digoxin immune FAB available.

Multi-System Medications CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



Dopamine

vasopressor/adrenergic

Sm. Doses stimulate dopaminergic receptors, producing renal vasodilation. Lg. doses stimulate dopaminergic and beta1 adrenergic receptors, producing cardiac stimulation and renal vasodilation

↑ Cardiac output, BP, and improves renal blood flow.

Tachycardia, ectopic beats, anginal pain, hypotension, dyspnea, N/V, HA

Monitor BP, HR, ECG, cardiac output, and urinary output continuously.Report chest pain, dyspnea, numbness, tingling, or burning of extremities.

Inderal(propanalol)

Beta blockers

Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the heart and kidney, has a membrane-stabilization effect and ↓ influence of sympathetic nervous system.↓ HR & BP, suppression of arrhythmias & prevent MI

Management of HTN; angina pectoris; arrhythmias. Prevention and management of MI.Prevent vascular HA.Manage thyrotoxicosis.

Bradycardia, CHF, cardia arrhythmias, heart blocks, CVA, pulmonary edema, gastric pain, flatulence, N/V/D, ↓ exercise tolerance, impotence.

Monitor BP and PulsesPts on IV must have continuous ECG monitor.Hypotensive effect is associated with ↓ cardiac output.Don’t stop med abruptly, it throws in 1º heart block

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Code Drugs CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



Epinephrine

Adrenergic, sympathomimetic

Reacts at alpha- and beta- receptor sites in the SNS to cause bronchodilation, ↑ HR, RR, BP.

Treatment of shock, bronchospasm. Management of severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest.

Nervousness, tremor restlessness, angina, arrhythmias, HTN, tachycardia, HA, N/V insomnia, hyperglycemia

Assess pulmonary function: lung sounds, respiratory pattern; pulse, BP.Monitor ECG; for arrhythmias, chest pain.Correct hypovolemia prior to IV use.May cause ↓ serum K and ↑ glucose.

Sodium Bicarbonate

Antiulcer, alkalinizing

Neutralizes or ↓ gastric acidity→↑ gastric pH.Acts as alkalinizing agent by releasing bicarbonate ions.

Relief of hyperacidity;Management of metabolic acidosis; Treatment of certain drug intoxications.

Metabolic alkalosis, gas,Gastric acid rebound, hypernatremia, hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, Na & H2O retention

Assess GI & renal function, serum electrolytes.Assess signs of acidosis/alkalosis, ABGs

Dopamine

Adrenergic, sympathomimetic inotropics, vasopressors

Stimulates dopaminergic receptors:↑cardiac output, ↑ BP, and improved renal blood flow

Choice for tx of shock.

Arrhythmias, angina, Hypotension, tachycardia, dyspnea, N/V, HA,

Monitor BP, HR, ECG, CO.Monitor urinary output frequently.Palpate peripheral pulses and assess appearance of extremities.

Atropine

Anticholinergic, antiarrhythmic

Inhibits the action of acetylcholine, blocking the effects of parasympathetic NS.↑HR, ↓ GI & respiratory secretions.

Antidote for cholinergic OD and mushroom poisoning. Pre-op to ↓ secretions.Restores cardiac rate and arterial pressure.

Drowsiness, blurred vision, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, constipation, decreased sweating.

Assess VS and ECG. Monitor I/O.Assess abdomen and bowel sounds.Observe for toxicity or OD; antidote physostigmine.Give 30 mins. before meals.

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Lidocaine

Antiarrhythmic, anesthetic

Control of ventricular arrhythmias.Local anesthesia.

Management of ventricular arrhythmias.Infiltration/ mucosal/topical anesthetic.

Seizures, confusion, drowsiness, Cardiac arrest, stinging, anaphylaxis, hypotension, N/V, fatigue

Monitor ECG and BP and Respiratory status.Monitor serum electrolyte levels.Monitor for toxicity and OD: serum levels: 1.5-5 μg/mL

Code Drugs CLASSIFICATIO

N NAMEMECHANISM



Adenosine

antiarrhythmics

Restores normal sinus rhythm.

Treatment of supraventricular tachycardias,(Diagnostic agent to assess myocardial perfusion)

SOB, facial flushing, transient arrhythmias, HA, dizziness, chest pain, hyperventilation, nausea, sweating, hypotension

Monitor HR (q15-30min) & ECG, BP.Assess Respiratory status: breath sounds and rate.Change positions slowly ( to ↓ OH)Report adverse effects.

Amiodorone

antiarrythmics

Suppression of arrhythmias.Blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in heart.

Life-threatening ventricular arrhythmiasManagement of supraventricular tachycardia

Dizziness, fatigue, malaise, ARDS, HApulmonary fibrosis, CHF, bradycardia, hypotension, anorexia, constipation, N/V, hypothyroidism, ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, tremors

Monitor ECG, HR and rhythm.Assess signs of pulmonary toxicity (crackles, ↓breath sounds, dyspnea)Assess s/s of ARDS.Monitor BP.Monitor liver and thyroid function.Assess for hypokalemia, hypomagnesemiaAssist with ambulation.May be given with meals or divided doses

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Nitroglycerines

Antianginal, nitrates

Relief or prevention of anginal attacks.↑ cardiac output↓BP

Acute & long term prophylactic management of angina pectoris.Adjunct tx of CHF & acute MI.Production of controlled hypotension.

Dizziness, HA, hypotension, tachycardia, restlessness, blurred vision, rash, flushing, N/V, weakness.

HA is common s/e.

Assess anginal pain.Monitor BP & pulse. Monitor ECG.PO: Administer 1 hr before or 2 hr after meals w/ full glass of water.SL: Hold tablet under tongue until dissolved; avoid eating or drinking.Change position slowly (prevent OH)

Dobutrex(Dobutamine)

Adrenergics, inotropics

Increased cardiac output without significantly increased heart rate.

Treatment of CHF because ↑ myocardial contractility without much change in rate and doesn’t ↑ O2

demand of heart muscle.

HTN, ↑HR, premature ventricular contractions, SOB, HA, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, hypotension, N/V, phlebitis.

Monitor BP, HR, ECG, CO, urinary output.Palpate peripheral pulses and assess extremities.Monitor electrolytes, BUN, Creat, prothrombin time.Check for signs of extravasation.

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Pharm Drugs List

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