Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Inc. Participation of the Business Sector in Puerto Rico to Support Renewable...

Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Inc.

Participation of the Business Sector in Puerto Rico to Support

Renewable Efforts

Dr. Albith Colón PE, CEM,CDSM,GBE.

Association Of Energy EngineersGreen Building Council

International Solar Energy SocietyNational Energy Rater’s Association


“The Manufacturing Industry has a

great challenge in the Energy field

in Puerto Rico so that it can

contribute to making our products

and services more competitive in

the global market ”• William Riefkohl PRMA


Residential Sector Energy DemandResidential Sector Energy Demand

Residential energy use is projected to increase by 25 percent between 2002 and 2025 (10 percent by 2010).

Newly built homes today are, on average, 26 percent larger than the existing housing, with correspondingly greater needs for cooling and lighting.

Further reductions in residential energy use per square foot could result from additional gains in equipment efficiency and more stringent building codes, requiring more insulation, better windows, and more efficient building designs.


Electricity Share of Commercial Electricity Share of Commercial Energy Use Is Expected to IncreaseEnergy Use Is Expected to Increase

Commercial energy use, including electricity-related losses, is projected to

grow by 1.7 percent per year between 2002 and 2025.

Energy consumption per square foot is projected to show little increase,

with efficiency standards, voluntary government programs aimed at

improving efficiency, and other technology improvements expected to

balance the effects of a projected increase in demand for electricity-based

services.


Energy AssessmentEnergy Assessment

Electrical Supply System

HVAC & Refrigeration

Boiler & Steam Motors Compressed Air

Insulation Lighting Process Equipments Hot Water Water Conservation Automation


Distributed Generation and Combined Distributed Generation and Combined Heat PowerHeat Power

An energy production system that is close to the load.

It does not require the use of the utility system to deliver the electricity to the consumer’s meter

It may inject into the utility system.

The customer may choose to maintain an interconnection for supplemental and backup power.


Distributed Generation and Distributed Generation and Combined Heat PowerCombined Heat Power

Distributed Generation- power generation at or very close to the load

needed

It can reduce or eliminate dependence on the national electricity grid

and its related costs and reliability

DG on site power, where the generation of electrical power is

specifically designed to meet the requirements of the host facility

It often uses cogeneration to produce high quality heat along with the

electric power.



Benefits Customer or End-Use Side– Lower cost of electrical energy and power on-site

production or use of net metering– Reduced peak demand charges– Effective solutions for emergency or standby power.– Reduced operating costs for facilities that can benefit

from CHP applications



Distributed Generation is modular electric generation or

storage located near the point of use.

Distributed Generation is on site generation

Synonyms are:

-distributed power

-distributed energy

-distributed energy resources

-distributed resources



Micro ApplicationMicro Application Could include only small-scale environmentally

friendly technologies that are installed on and designed on and designed primarily to serve a single end user’s site.– Photovoltaics (PV)– Fuel cells,– Microturbines,– Small wind turbines– Hydrogeneration


Renewable Energy Renewable Energy sources:sources:Distributed Generation or Modular GenerationDistributed Generation or Modular Generation

Solar

Wind

Geothermal

Water (Hydroelectric)

The Ocean (Thermal and Mechanical)

Fuel Cells (Natural Gas, Hydrogen)

Bio-energy


Distributed Generation and Distributed Generation and Combined Heat PowerCombined Heat Power

Applications :

– Distributed Resources can be used to provide on-site standby power for customers that require uninterrupted electric service 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.

– Customer that maintain distributed power system for backup power may also be able to lower the cost of their power purchases by participant in peak load reduction programs offered by utilities.


Pelamis machines with a combined output of 3MW

UK's First Wave Farm


79 kW ac on-grid Bristol-Myers

Squibb, Hopewell NJ

Completed 2003

Bristol-Myers Squibb


30kW AC on-grid

US Department of Energy

Pentagon City, VA

Completed 1998

Utility-tie - # 29

Pentagon


9 kW ac on-grid

MIT, Boston, MA

Completed 2003

Massachusetts Institute of Technology


150 kW AC on-grid

City of Riverside

Riverside, CA

Completed Oct. 2001

Utility-tie - # 31

City of Riverside Solar Carport


Germany,Germany, 300kw300kw


Europa Park, Germany 300Kw pkEuropa Park, Germany 300Kw pk


New Port, Rhode IslandPortsmouthAbbey School660 KW Vestas1200 Mwh/yr


Boston, Massachusetts Boston, Massachusetts Local 103 IBW AFL-CIO Local 103 IBW AFL-CIO

Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Inc.Pentagon – Department of Defense 123kW


Puerto Rico Energy Sources Puerto Rico Energy Sources

Eco-Eléctrica and AES generate approximately 32% of total power required using natural gas and coal.

15% Natural Gas, 17% Coal, 68% Petroleum 99% Fossil Fuel.

Price Average by Kw-hr: 17-19 cents


Energy Sources in USAEnergy Sources in USA

Coal - 56 % Nuclear - 20% Hydroelectric - 12% Natural Gas - 9% Petroleum - 3 % Price Average by Kw-hora: 6.86 cents


Solar Power and Zero Energy

Pardee had been working with a company called Astro Power—now part of General Electric (GE)—and continued this relationship as development started on a house in Las Vegas. They were trying to achieve a virtual zero-energy home after the DOE launched its Zero Energy Home (ZEH) program that works with builders to achieve a 50% savings on the average energy bill. It also seeks, over time, to get to zero electricity usage. This is an objective program in stages.In 2003, Pardee Homes began construction on a house to be showcased at the January 2004 National Homebuilders Show in Las Vegas. Pardee collaborated with the DOE in designing a house that would achieve a 90% savings on energy costs—including gas and electricity. The goal was to get to zero electricity usage. "We are currently testing that house," says Mason. "And we will continue testing for a two-year period. We will then see if our design goals were met."Natural gas was kept in that home because most people still like to cook with gas and the HVAC system still uses gas, mainly because those are still very energy-efficient technologies. We just didn't feel we could do any better using an alternative form of energy. Pardee did do some things though, like using a solar hot-water heater on the roof. The house had an 8.6-kilowatt system, partly on the roof and partly on a patio trellis system, so both were used.


MontehiedraMontehiedra, , GuaynaboGuaynabo 2,5202,520 WattsWatts PkPk


Quintas del Rio, Bayamón 3500 Watts PkQuintas del Rio, Bayamón 3500 Watts Pk


Renewable Energy Expected From Renewable Energy Expected From State Standards and Funds*State Standards and Funds*

0

6,000

12,000

18,000

24,000

30,000

36,000

Me

ga

wa

tts

*Projected development assuming states achieve annual RES targets.

**Includes Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Montana, Ohio, Oregon, and Washington D.C.

Other**

California

Nevada

IA & WI

New Jersey

CT & RIMAMaine

Minnesota

AZ & NM

New York

Texas

New renewable energy supported:- 25,900 MW by 2017

CO2 reductions: 65.2 MMTCO2E

Equivalent to:- 3.1 billion more trees- 9.7 million less cars

Maryland

Colorado

Pennsylvania


0

6,000

12,000

18,000

24,000

30,000

36,000

42,000

Meg

awat

ts

Pennsylvania

*Assumes regulatory enforcement of voluntary RES.

Hawaii

California

Nevada

IA & WI

New Jersey

CT & RIMAMaine

Minnesota

AZ & NM

New York

Texas

New renewable energy supported:- 32,000 MW by 2017

Maryland

CO & MT

Illinois*

DC & DE

Effect of RPS


Canary IslandsCanary Islands


Canary IslandCanary Island


Cost Per Kilowatt-Hour Of Cost Per Kilowatt-Hour Of Green Power TechnologiesGreen Power Technologies

Technology Cost per kWh

BioPower Plant 5-9¢

Geothermal Plant 5-8¢

Solar Concentrating Power Plant

9-12¢

Wind Power Plant 3-5¢

Source: US Department Of Energy


Green EnergyGreen Energy


ReferencesReferences

Solar Energy International. (2004d). Photovoltaic Design and Installation Manual. National Library of Canada: New Society Publisher.

Americans for Solar Power. Solar electric photovoltaic. Extraído octubre 10, 2006. http://www.forsolar.org.

US Department of Energy. (2005a). Energy Policy Act 2005. Subtitle C - Renewable Energy. PL 109-058.


Thank You !

Pfizer Pharmaceutical, Inc. Participation of the Business Sector in Puerto Rico to Support Renewable...

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