PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R4.4 Description_TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R4.4-Ed1

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PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R 4.4 DescriptionStudent GuideTOP18063_V2.0-SG-R4.4- Edition 1

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Course outline

4. Topic/Section is Positioned Here




1. Product Overview

1. Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link

2. System General Description

3. Unit Description

2. Operation & Maintenance Tasks Overview

1. Maintenance Tasks Overview

2. Operation Tasks Overview

3. Appendix

1. Appendix

Welcome to PFE (Power Feed Equipment)

R 4.4 Description

1. Product Overview

1. Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link

2. System General Description

3. Unit Description

2. Operation & Maintenance Tasks Overview

1. Maintenance Tasks Overview

2. Operation Tasks Overview

3. Appendix

1. Appendix




Course objectives

Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:PFE (Power Feed Equipment)

R 4.4 Description

Upon completion of this course, you should be able to:

Your feedback is appreciated!

Please feel free to Email your comments to:

[email protected]

Please include the following training reference in your email:

TOP18063_V2.0-SG Edition 1

Thank you!

Section 1 Module 1 Page 1

Copyright 2012 Alcatel-Lucent. All Rights Reserved.TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R 4.4-Ed1 Module 1.1 Edition 1

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Module 1Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link

TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R 4.4-Ed1 Module 1.1 Edition 1

Section 1Product Overview

PFE (Power Feed Equipment)

R 4.4 Description




PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R 4.4 DescriptionProduct Overview Conditions for Supplying a Submarine Link

1 1 2COPYRIGHT ALCATEL-LUCENT 2012. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.

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First editionLast name, first nameYYYY-MM-DD01

RemarksAuthorDateEdition

Document History





Module objectives

Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:

Evaluate the voltage required to supply a given submarine link





Module objectives [cont.]






Table of Contents

Switch to notes view! Page

1 Submarine Cable System Overview 81.1 Network Powering Topologies 91.2 Submarine Link Elements 101.3 Power Feeding Conductor 11

2 Line Voltage Calculation 122.1 Elements of Calculation of the Line Voltage 13

3 Regulation Modes 203.1 Operating Mode 213.2 Current Control Characteristics 22





Table of Contents [cont.]

Switch to notes view!






Blank Page


Second editionMARECHAL, Eric2012-15-09

First editionROUDIER, Gilles2010-24-0801


Document History

02





1 Submarine Cable System Overview






1.1 Network Powering Topologies

PFE A PFE B

IL

BU1 BU2

PFE A PFE B

PFE CPFE D

IL

ILIL

Point-to-point link

Multi-point link

Necessity of power supplying:

the submerged equipment units:

Repeaters (R)

Branching Unit(s) (BU), in case of need

by means of a current IL ,which must be:

Direct

Filtered

Regulated

This requires to install, in each station, a regulated current source -> the Power Feeding Equipment (PFE).

According to the cable system configuration, It is possible to consider :

A point-to-point link, where:

Two P.F.E.s are connected in series

The current IL supplies the repeaters

A multi-point link, where:

Three (or more) stations are inter-connected via one (or more) B.U.s

Two stations (2 PFEs) are connected in series to form the trunk.

The other station(s) is (are) autonomous to supply its own branch which is earthed at the BU level.

The line current:

has the same level in each segment or branch

has for nominal value IN =

is regulated at 10 mA

must be permanent

uses the earth as return way






1.2 Submarine Link Elements

SLTE

CURRENT SOURCE

50 V

BRANCHING

UNITREPEATER

STATION A

ILIL

IL

IL

BRANCH A

BRANCH C

BRANCH B

POWER

SUPPLY

MODULE

Power

Switching

and Supplying

module

The PFE has to:

compensate the voltage drop due to the cable.

power supply:

the repeaters,

the branching units.

At each submerged equipment level:

the power feeding conductor is interrupted.

a power supply module is inserted in series with the power feeding conductor; it has for purpose to extract from the line current the power needed by the internal circuits :

amplification and supervision circuits in a repeater,

switching and, possibly, amplification in a B.U.

For a repeater, the required voltage (V/Rep) is :

For a Branching Unit:

The voltage drop (V/BU) due to the switching circuit is as follows:

Refer to the System Powering Spec of the contract for an accurate value.

V / REP for

1 sub-syst 2 sub-syst 3 sub-syst 4 sub-syst 6 sub-syst 8 sub-syst

ALCATEL ( Il=1.1A ) 11V 18 V 25 V 32V 46V 34V at 1.5A

48 VBU Full Fibre R3.5 Voltage drop spur (at 1A)

51 VBU Full Fibre R3.5 Voltage drop trunk (at 1A)






1.3 Power Feeding Conductor

V / Km = ( / Km) x IL

Insulation and

Protection layers

Optical fibres

Power feedingconductor

Armour

The line current is applied to a special conductor which is a constituent element of the cable: the power feeding conductor.

The resistance of this conductor varies between 0.70 ohm and 1.6 ohm per kilometer, according to the constructor of cable.

Example:

NOTE: This resistance is generally specified for a given temperature.

Ex.: R = 1 /km for T0 = 12C

The correction law is for a cupper conductor:

R1 = R0 [1 + 0.004 (T0 - T1)]

where R0 is the resistance at T0 C

and R1 is the resistance at T1 C

Resistance per kilometer

0.7 ohm to 0.8 ohmAT&T

0.7 ohm to 1.6 ohmALCATEL

1 ohmPIRELLI

1.3 ohm to 1.6 ohmFUJITSU





2 Line Voltage Calculation





2 Line Voltage Calculation

2.1 Elements of Calculation of the Line Voltage

IL

R1 RnVi Vi

+ -

50V 50V

VRET VRET

VC

VL

Earth Voltage

BU

Elements of calculation of the line voltage

The line voltage, VL, takes into account:

The voltage drops due to the submerged units :

The voltage drops at each station level :

VINT = voltage drop due to the internal resistance of the equipment

VRET = voltage drop due to the current return circuit (sea earth)

Consequently, the line voltage will be such as:

P.F.E. Voltage

The PFE must be able to generate the line current IL in all circumstances and to face environmental disturbances: earth potential fluctuations, storm, temperature variations, telluric currents, ...

For that, a virtual voltage - the earth voltage - (VEARTH) is taken into account and added to VL to determine the voltage rate of the PFE:

VEARTH can be estimated from the length and the orientation of the link:

VEARTH = 0.3 V/km max for a West-East link

= 0.03 V/km max for a North-South link

- Vcable = voltage drop due to the cable itself = V/km x Lkm =R/km x IL x Lkm

(Lkm must take into account the land cable length)

- VREP = total voltage required to supply the n repeaters with thenumber of sub-systems equipping the link in question

= n x V/REP

- VBU = voltage drop due to the possible Branching Unit(s)= VBU1 (+VBU2 + ....)

VC =Vcable +VREP (+VBU )

In double-end feeding mode

VL = VC + 2VINT + 2VRETVL = VC + VINT + VRET

VPFE = VL + VEARTH

In single-end feeding mode





Exercise

Estimate the line voltage required to supply each link making up a segment





Exercise

N

S

W E

Technical data:

The repeaters are supplied by ALCATEL

The cable resistance is 1 ohm/Km

The line current is 1 Amp.

In each station:

VINT = 5 V

VRET = 10 V

Evaluate the Power Feeding Voltage for the link A-B

A +

LC = 4 km

2990 Km

4 fibres pair

R1 R40

- B

LC = 6 km

- B

200 Km

4 fibres pair

3 rep. LC = 4 km

A +

LC = 5 km

C-

LC = 6 km

BU

400 Km

2 fibres pair

6 rep.

800 Km

2 fibres pair

12 rep.

Technical data:

The repeaters are supplied by ALCATEL

The branching unit is a Full fibre BU from ALCATEL

The cable resistance is 1 ohm/Km

The line current is 1 Amp.

In each station:

VINT = 5 V

VRET = 10 V

Evaluate the Power Feeding Voltage for: . the trunk A-B

. the branch C

Case of a point-to-point linka Case of a multi-point linkb





Exercise : Case of Point-to-Point Link

Link / Trunk A-B

Km299010

3000

V/Km

1 V

Number.................................

40

V/Rep.................................

32

Number......................

V/BU......................

Cable

Submarine part

Land cable part

Total

Repeaters

1 Sub-system

2 Sub-system

3 Sub-system

4 Sub-system

Branching Units

WDM BU

FF BU

Line Voltage

VINT = 2 x 5 V

VRET = 2 x 10 V

PFE Voltage

VEARTH = 2990 Km x 0.3 V/KM

VPFE = 5207 V

= 897 V

= .........V

= .........V

Vc = 4280 V

= 3000 V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= 1280 V

= 20 V

VL = 4310 V

= 10 V

Link / Trunk A-B

Km.................................

V/Km

.........V

Number............................................

V/Rep............................................

Number......................

V/BU......................

Cable

Submarine part

Land cable part

Total

Repeaters

1 Sub-system

2 Sub-system

3 Sub-system

4 Sub-system

Branching Units

WDM BU

FF BU

Line Voltage

VINT = ............ x 5 V

VRET = ............ x 10 V

PFE Voltage

VEARTH = ............ Km x V/KM

VPFE = ............V

= ............V

= .........V

= .........V

Vc = .........V

= ............V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

VL = .........V

= .........V





Exercise : Case of Multi-Point Link

Link / Trunk A-B

Km.................................

V/Km

.........V

Number............................................

V/Rep............................................

Number......................

V/BU......................

Cable

Submarine part

Land cable part

Total

Repeaters

1 Sub-system

2 Sub-system

3 Sub-system

4 Sub-system

Branching Units

WDM BU

FF BU

Line Voltage

VINT = ............ x 5 V

VRET = ............ x 10 V

PFE Voltage

VEARTH = ............ Km x V/KM

VPFE = ............V

= ............V

= .........V

= .........V

Vc = .........V

= ............V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

VL = .........V

= .........V

Branch C

Km.................................

V/Km

.........V

Number............................................

V/Rep............................................

Number......................

V/BU......................

Cable

Submarine part

Land cable part

Total

Repeaters

1 Sub-system

2 Sub-system

3 Sub-system

4 Sub-system

Branching Units

WDM BU

FF BU

Line Voltage

VINT = ............ x 5 V

VRET = ............ x 10 V

PFE Voltage

VEARTH = ............ Km x V/KM

VPFE = ............V

= ............V

= .........V

= .........V

Vc = .........V

= ............V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

VL = .........V

= .........V





Exercise : Case of Multi-Point Link

Link / Trunk A-B

Km1200

91209

V/Km

1 V

Number...........

18......................

V/Rep...........

18......................

Number...........

1

V/BU...........

51

Cable

Submarine part

Land cable part

Total

Repeaters

1 Sub-system

2 Sub-system

3 Sub-system

4 Sub-system

Branching Units

WDM BU

FF BU

Line Voltage

VINT = 2 x 5 V

VRET = 2 x 10 V

PFE Voltage

VEARTH = 1200 Km x 0.3V/KM

VPFE = 1974 V

= 360 V

= .........V

= 51 V

Vc = 1584 V

= 1209 V

= .........V

= 324 V

= .........V

= .........V

= 20 V

VL = 1614 V

= 10 V

Branch C

Km2006

206

V/Km

1 V

Number.................................

3

V/Rep.................................

32

Number...........

1

V/BU...........

48

Cable

Submarine part

Land cable part

Total

Repeaters

1 Sub-system

2 Sub-system

3 Sub-system

4 Sub-system

Branching Units

WDM BU

FF BU

Line Voltage

VINT = 1 x 5 V

VRET = 2 x 10 V

PFE Voltage

VEARTH = 200 Km x 0.03 V/KM

VPFE = 371 V

= 6 V

= .........V

= 48 V

Vc = 350 V

= 206 V

= .........V

= .........V

= .........V

= 96 V

= 10 V

VL = 365 V

= 5 V





Notes Page only






3 Regulation Modes





3 Regulation Modes

3.1 Operating Mode

Doubleend feeding mode

Single-end feeding mode

VL

-

VB

PFE A

IL

PFE B+

VAVirtual 0V

-

PFE A

IL

PFE B+/-

VA = VL

PFE

IL

-BU

Double-end feeding mode:

this configuration corresponds to the normal supplying mode of a point-to-point link

both PFEs operate in voltage sharing

one PFE operates in current regulation

the current regulated at IN 10 mA

the opposite PFE operates in voltage regulation

it regulates its output voltage at a given level VB (i.e. VL/2)

the first PFE provides the complementary voltage and compensates the line voltage fluctuationsVA = VL VB

both PFEs have opposite polarities

each PFE is able to produce the overall line power

both PFE operate in mutual stand-by mode

Single-end feeding mode:

this configuration is used in case of branch station

the link is fed from only one terminal station

the PFE operates in current regulation mode and generates the total line voltage

the cable is earthed at the opposite end

The PFE which supply the branch must be negative to avoid an oxidation of the earthling system at the BU

this configuration can be required in point-to-point link in case of :

failure of any one PFE

maintenance operations in any station

cable fault





3 Regulation Modes

3.2 Current Control Characteristics

Voltage mode PFE

0 VShare VSyst.(VL )

V

IN

I

C G

0.75 VSyst.

F

ED

B

-40mA

+40mA

VShare

+100 V

VShare

-100 V

A

Operating point in

double-end feeding mode

Auto change from

voltage to current mode

Current mode PFE


V

IN

I

C G

Operating point in


Operating point in

single-end feeding mode

INPFECurrent

Regulation

PFEVoltage

Regulation

+ -

+ VSh -VShVirtual 0V

In case of double-end fed system, both current sources can only work in series so long as the outputs of both units are regulated to the same current level. In order to meet this requirement each PFE has to work in a different regulation mode :

Current regulation mode : the PFE controls the current to within the allowed limits

Voltage regulation mode : the PFE operates at a predetermined output voltage and has no control over the line current unless the line current it sees rises changes by 40mA

To configure the Power Feeding System in this situation the procedure consists to:

1. Ramp up the PFE which is designed to operate in current regulation mode:

the current and voltage increase progressively and simultaneously up to the single-end feeding operating point (G);

Note that the ramp shape is a voltage mode but the PFE switches to current mode when it passes the voltage mode switch point

The current rise is controlled at x mA/sec.

at G point, the PFE is locked in current regulation mode

NOTE: This sequence will be used also to ramp up a branch

2. Ramp up the PFE which is designed to operate in voltage regulation mode

the current and voltage increase quickly up to the double-end feeding operating point (C);

simultaneously, the voltage produced by the opposite PFE decreases to the same operating point (C);

at C point, the second PFE is locked in voltage regulation mode.

Vsyst. is the voltage that the PFE may be expected to feed in a particular powering configuration when it is not sharing with a distant PFE. On a primary trunk it will be the end-to-end voltage whereas on branches and secondary branches it is the voltage to branching unit earth.

Vshare. is the voltage at which a PFE is expected to share when double end feeding. With no fault on the trunk the share voltage can be set by the PFE, usually at approximately half the system voltage.





Exercise

In each case proposed hereafter, find how the PFE will work in order to maintain the power in line by following the current control characteristic.

10 minutes





Exercise : Voltage Mode PFE Failure

PFECurrent

Regulation

PFEVoltage

Regulation

+ -


V

IN

I

C G

Operating point in


Operating point in


Current mode PFE


V

IN

I

C G

0.75 VSyst.

F

ED

B

-40mA

+40mA

VShare

+100 V

VShare

-100 V

A

Operating point in


Auto change from


Voltage mode PFE

If the PFE regulating the voltage fails, the opposite PFE increases automatically and immediately its output voltage up to the line voltage level (point G).

Current mode PFE


V

IN

I

C G

Operating point in


Operating point in


Hidden Solution





Exercise : Current Mode PFE Failure

PFECurrent

Regulation

PFEVoltage

Regulation

+ -


V

IN

I

C G

Operating point in


Operating point in


Current mode PFE


V

IN

I

C G

0.75 VSyst.

F

ED

B

-40mA

+40mA

VShare

+100 V

VShare

-100 V

A

Operating point in


Auto change from


Voltage mode PFE

If the PFE regulating the current fails, the opposite PFE:

decreases the current to IN - 40 mA with increasing its output voltage up to 75% of the total line voltage (point E) or rated outout voltage-200V whichever is greater;

changes to current regulation mode (point F);

increases its output voltage to the total line voltage (point G).

Voltage mode PFE


V

IN

I

C G

0.75 VSyst.

F

ED

B

-40mA

+40mA

VShare

+100 V

VShare

-100 V

A

Operating point in


Auto change from


Hidden Solution





Module Summary

Repeaters and Branching Unit must be supplied by a regulated current source : the PFE

In a point-to-point link: Two PFEs are connected in series a constant current supplies the repeaters

In a multi-point link: Three (or more) stations are inter-connected via one (or more) B.U.s Two stations (2 PFEs) are connected in series to form the trunk. The other station(s) is (are) autonomous to supply its own branch which is

earthed at the BU level.

Regulation modes: Current regulation : the PFE controls the current Voltage regulation : the PFE has no control over the line current





Notes Page only






Self-assessment on the Objectives

Please be reminded to fill in the formSelf-Assessment on the Objectivesfor this module

The form can be found in the first partof this course documentation





End of moduleConditions for Supplying a Submarine Link



@@SECTIONLE



Module 2System General Description




R 4.4 Description




PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R 4.4 DescriptionProduct Overview System General Description


Blank page





Document History





Module objectives


Identify the units of the PFE

Describe the management tools

List the safety criteria

Explain the role of the system earth





Table of Contents


1 PFE Presentation 71.1 PFE Overall View 81.2 Functional Organization 91.3 Hardware Organization 101.4 PFE Surrounding 12

2 Management Tools 132.1 Management System Description 142.2 Operator Interface 15

3 Safety Criteria 173.1 Protection People 183.2 Alarms Thresholds 20

4 PFE Earth 214.1 System Earth 22





1 PFE Presentation





1 PFE Presentation

1.1 PFE Overall View

The R4.4 Control Panel uses a 15 Touch screen driven directly from the Power Unit Controller andintegrated software.





1 PFE Presentation

1.2 Functional Organization

CONVERTER 6

CONVERTER 2

CONVERTER 1

CONVERTER CUBICLE

CONTROL

&

MANAGEMENT

P.U.1

DUMMY

LOAD

CABLE

TERMINATING

CUBICLE

CONVERTER 6

CONVERTER 2

CONVERTER 1

CONVERTER CUBICLE

CONTROL

&

MANAGEMENT

CONTROL CUBICLE

P.U.2(duplicated PU)

CONTROL CUBICLE

The PFE organization is modular, it depends on :

The power (the voltage and current) to be applied to the cable

The level of protection.

The PFE is composed by :

A Power Unit (P.U.) which convert the low battery voltage (50V) to high voltage with the help of DC-DC converters

each converter is able to provide a power from 0 to 3 KW

Up to 6 converters can be connected in series, in order to provide the required line power: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 kW.

The P.U. can be duplicated in order to improve the operation safety. Both P.U. operate in current sharing mode but each one is able to generate the nominal current.

If either P.U. fails, the other one supplies automatically the total line current

A dummy load unit, allowing to test locally the operation of the Power Unit(s)

A cable terminating unit which provides the following functions :

Termination of the submarine cable

Termination of the system earth cable

Monitoring of the station and sea earth currents

Protection against surge voltage on the earth circuits

An anti surge coil (always fitted) but not necessary wired in.





1 PFE Presentation

1.3 Hardware Organization

6 KW Unduplicated PFE

According to the power rate, the hardware configuration of a P.U. is chosen from:

The voltage required by the link and the nominal current.

Each converter supplies 3kW, and is strapped to optimize the voltage at different currents.

The safety voltage margin.

Because of the amount of heat generated in the converter cubicle, when equipped with 5 converters running at 3kW, an improved heat management solution is implemented. The feature uses long-life speed control fans to cool the converter by drawing air past the converter heat sinks, from the bottom of the cubicle. Two new boards located at the top of the converter cubicle manage the fans (control of their speed according to the temperature).

NOTE: In case of low power P.U. (3KW), the Dummy load is integrated in the Cable Terminating Cubicle.





1 PFE Presentation

1.3 Hardware Organization [cont.]

6 KW Duplicated PFE

According to the required protection level, the P.U. can be duplicated, as a general rule.

But it will be duplicated, in particular:

In case of link normally supplied in single-end feeding mode.

Ex: PFE supplying a branch in a multi-point system.

In case of a very long link, normally supplied in double-end feeding mode, but for which each PFE is

unable to produce, alone, the total line voltage.

Ex: A trunk for which VL = 16 kV. It will be supplied, from both ends, by two 12 kV withduplicated P.U.





1 PFE Presentation

1.4 PFE Surrounding

PFE

POWERSUPPLY(batteries,

Generating set)

MAINS

CableTerm.

Earthyline

Sea earth Station earth

CABLE

H.V.

SMS SLTEs OW

Measurements/Alarms/Status

Opticalfibers

-50V Main

-50V Aux

-50V Main

-50V Aux

PU 1

PU 2

Power supply :

Each Power Unit is supplied from the station power plant by means of two 50 V lines:

a power line which feeds the power converters.

an auxiliary line which feeds the control, supervision and safety circuits.

The 50 V voltage is secured by means of 2 stand-by sources:

Batteries

Generating.

The limits accepted for this voltage are 40.5 V < Ve < 57 V.

Environment :

Cable: the Cable Terminating Cubicle is the interface between the cable and the high voltage source and the transmission terminal equipment.

Supervision and Maintenance System. This computer:

Processes the current / voltage parameters received from the PFE

Manages the status and alarm data received from the PFE.

Earth : Two earth circuits are available:

The System Earth (or Sea Earth) which is the normal return earth

The Station Earth, which is the normal reference and protection earth for all equipments fitted in the station

This earth can be used as return in case of failure in the system earth circuit.





2 Management Tools





2 Management Tools

2.1 Management System Description

The Control Panel performs a complete set of management operations

The SMS can only recover the PFE events, alarms and measurements

1350OMS-SN 1350OMS-EMLLAN

Submarine line

SLTE

1620 LM

SLTE

PFEPFE

ControlPanel

ControlPanel

DCNQB3*

QB3*

SMS : Submarine Management System (1350 OMS EML+1350 OMS SN)

DCN : Data Communication Network

1350 OMS SN : Alcatel-Lucent Submarine Network manager

1350 OMS EML : Alcatel-Lucent Node Manager

Monitoring and control from the Control Panel

The Control Panel performs a complete set of management operations:

Configuration

Fault management

Analogue measurement

Ramping sequence control.

As an option, the Control Panel access is controlled by a password to prevent unauthorized

operators invoking the power feeding sequences.

Monitoring from the SMS

The SMS displays a power feeding view of the submarine system.

The SMS recovers the PFE events, alarms and PFE measurements. The SMS displays this information and stores it for long-term statistical analysis.

The SMS follows the ramping sequences. The SMS has currently no control on the power feeding facilities (calibration, start/ stop ramping sequences, electroding, routing control)

The SMS does not manage the Alarm Concentrator.





2 Management Tools

2.2 Operator Interface

Displaypanel

Controlpanel

6778 50.5Output Voltage Battery Voltage

1100 700Output Current Power Unit Current

MainDC Pos

OnLine Pmpt Dfrd

AuxDC Neg

OffLine

DummyLoad

RecAttn

RecAttn

Supplies Polarity Routing Alarms

Display panel

It provides status and alarm information.

Control panel

It uses a 15 Touch screen, mounted on a single panel, as the user interface. It is driven directly from the Power Unit Controller with integrated software.

Remote Control Panel

As well as the local control panel, or instead of, it is possible to have a remote control panel on a standard personal computer.

The remote control panel has identical functionality as the local control panel. The look is identical, but with a mouse and keyboard replacing the pressure sensitive membrane buttons.

The remote control panel can be configured to monitor and control all PFE on the system, with a summary window displaying the status of every PFE.

Access to Remote control is set using software interface. The remote control access is now acessiblevia TCP/IP (LAN) on this release. For example, it is now possible to run the remote control panel via any PC connected to the SMS (Remote Operator Position or Operator Position) using GoGlobal. The SMS software will not allow PFE control.





Notes Page only






3 Safety Criteria





3 Safety Criteria

3.1 Protection People

Mechanical key interlocks Ensures that access to high voltage cannot be obtained without the power being

switched off

Access to high voltage and high energy areas is secured by use of 3 kinds of devices:

Keys allowing or inhibiting any access to a high voltage circuit when this is working.

Micro Switches that trigger a shutdown.

On some door switches, the HV is shorted out by the switch: CC, CTC &DL doors.





3 Safety Criteria

3.1 Protection People [cont.]

Emergency shutdown loops

Converter

Cubicle

Control

Cubicle

Cable

Terminating

Dummy

Load

Emergency Shut Down

push-button

Safety micro-switch

Cable

Terminating

Shelf

Front door

Rear door

H.V. shelves

+ Rear door

Front door

Rear door

EMGY.SH.DFront door

Rear door

Front door

EMGY.SH.DFront door

Rear door

EMGY.SH.D

Rear door

PU 2

PU 1

Major

faults

CONVERTERS

TRIP OUTEMERGENCY SHUT DOWN

Access to High Voltage and current areas is available via interlocked doors which are fitted with doors switches. When they are opened the station supply circuit to the converters is switched off.

Safety interlocking arrangements protect personnel from exposure to high working voltage or laser light beams.

Low voltage areas are modular in construction and are separated from the high voltage areas to facilitate maintenance and testing.

A earth probe is supplied and each cubicle has an earth probe socket.

Emergency press button facilities are provided on the front and rear of the equipment.

All control are located on the front.

Emergency Shut Down circuits :

Both P.U.s are fitted with identical shutdown circuits.

EMGY SHD will shutdown both Pus always.

The opening of a door will only generally shut down that PU.

Provision is made for an remote emergency shutdown button, eg on the terminal station wall.





3 Safety Criteria

3.2 Alarms Thresholds

0 VSh VSyst.

IN

VOUTVLim.

(+20%)

VSyst. + VSh

2

+20mA

ALARM

+ X (*)Shut down

Shut down Imin

Shut down

VSD.VL+500 V

Operational

point

ALARM

-3% +3%

ALARM

-3% +3%

See note

See note

-10%

-20mA

Alarm thresholds

These alarms are dedicated as DEFFERED ALARMS.

The alarms below are relating to the line parameters:

Very low current alarm : INom. -10 % Low current alarm : INom. -20 mAHigh current alarm : INom. +20 mA Low voltage alarm : Vope. - 3 % or 60 V whichever greaterHigh voltage alarm : Vope. + 3 % or 60 V whichever greater

Shutdown thresholds

The protection thresholds below are relating to the line parameters:

Very low current shutdown : IL Imin. It is set at 100mA.

High current shutdown : (*) INom. + 110ma, +120mA, +160 mA or +170mA

All these 4 alarms are used in case of alarm or unit failure

High voltage shutdown : V liml. + 500 V, +600, +700 V or +800V

NOTES : Moreover, the line is protected against any over-voltage higher than 12 kV.

These alarms:

are calculated from VShareor VSyst, whichever is the

closest.

can be inhibited.





4 PFE Earth





4 PFE Earth

4.1 System Earth

PFE A PFE B

Submarine cableLand cable

Land cable

Earthcable

EarthcableSystem

EarthSystem

EarthStation Earth Station Earth

System Earth is used in normal condition

In case of System Earth cable break, the two earths will be link together

within the PFE

For maintenance convenience, the earth configuration may be switched

without effecting traffic

A dedicated PFE System Earth, separate from the Station Earth array is to be installed for the following

main reasons:

to prevent the corrosion of the Station Earth (mainly for negative PFE)

to increase the immunity to possible interference induced along the terrestrial cable route or generated through the ground.

to prevent noise on the power feeding equipment effecting other equipment in the station.

For safety and redundancy reasons in the case of a System Earth cable cut, a clamping system will links

the two earths within the PFE and limit their voltage difference to 60V. The design of the PFE allows for variations of this 60V limit if required on a contract.

R4.4 uses a new earth monitoring circuit which improves the earth measurement isolation.





Answer the Questions

The PU is duplicated to increase the PFE output voltage

Two PFE working in series operate in current sharing mode

The total line voltage is equally shared between both PFEs

The PFE which is powered at first is normally designed to feed a branch

True False

In a multi-point system, it is necessary to install at least 2 bipolar PFE

Access to high voltage areas is secured by mechanical key interlocks

In normal operation, the return of current is made via the station earth

If the battery voltage supplying the PFE decreases to 35 V, the PFE shuts down automatically

A link requiring a 10 800 V voltage and supplied in double-end feeding mode will be equipped with two 10 kV PFE

The PFE which will operate in current mode is this one which is started at first

Statements

XThe PU is duplicated to increase the PFE output voltage

XTwo PFE working in series operate in current sharing mode

XThe total line voltage is equally shared between both PFEs

XThe PFE which is powered at first is normally designed to feed a branch

X

X

X

X

X

True

X

False

In a multi-point system, it is necessary to install at least 2 bipolar PFE

Access to high voltage areas is secured by mechanical key interlocks

In normal operation, the return of current is made via the station earth

If the battery voltage supplying the PFE decreases to 35 V, the PFE shuts down

automatically

A link requiring a 10 800 V voltage and supplied in double-end feeding mode will be

equipped with two 12 kV PFE

The PFE which will operate in current mode is this one which is started at first

Statements





Module Summary

A PFE is composed by : 1 or 2 Power Unit(s)

A Cable Terminating Unit

A Dummy Load

The PFE can be manage by : The Control Panel located on each PU

The SMS (monitoring only)

The protection people to high voltage is secured by : Mechanical key interlocks

Emergency shutdown push-button

Micro Switches

System Earth is used in normal condition to close electrical circuit





End of moduleSystem General Description



@@SECTIONLE



Module 3Unit Description




R 4.4 Description




PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R 4.4 DescriptionProduct Overview Unit Description


Blank page





Document History





Module objectives


List the functionalities of each unit contained in the PFE





Table of Contents


1 Power Unit 71.1 PU Functionalities 81.2 Power Conversion 91.3 Regulation Function 10

2 Cable Terminating Unit 152.1 CT Functionalities 162.2 Cable Terminating Unit Description 172.3 Fiber Handling 18

3 Dummy Load Unit 193.1 Condition of Use 203.2 Possible Arrangements 21





1 Power Unit





1 Power Unit

1.1 PU Functionalities

Output polarity selection

Over-voltage protection

Electroding function

Supervision

Emergency shut down management

Alarm management

Powering-up management

Output parameter monitoring

Power conversion/ regulation

Data exchange with an other PU

Alarm management

PU

The P.U. includes the facilities of the cable electroding for searching the location of the cable at the sea bed.

amplitude adjustable from 0 to 200 m Amp

frequency adjustable from 3 Hz to 60 Hz precision of 0.01Hz.

The P.U. can be supervised continuously from the system surveillance equipment (SMS) via a QB3interface, by transmitting:

the output current / voltage

the regulation mode

the status of the cable head

the alarms.

The power conversion function is implemented by modular converters.





1 Power Unit

1.2 Power Conversion

CONVERTER 1+

-

18 kW

048 V Main

12 kW

9 kW

3 kw

CONVERTER 2+

-

CONVERTER 3+

-

CONVERTER 4+

-

CONVERTER 5+

-

CONVERTER 6+

-

15 kW

6 kW

MAIN D.C. SUPPLY

ON

LOGIC D.C. SUPPLY

OFF LINE ON LINE

O FFLIN EO N

LIN E

D UM M YLO A D

LOCKED LOCKED

ROUTIN G SWITCH LOCKING SYSTEM

OFF

FS2 FS3

AUXILIARY D.C. SUPPLY

CONTROL SUPPLY

ESPBondingPoint

Control Cubicle Converter Cubicle

Converter behind panel

Power conversion :

The high voltage is obtained by converting a low voltage into a high voltage (0 to 12 kV) by means of 1 to 6 DC-DC identical converters using the HF switching.

The conversion and regulation are driven from the control and management unit

Each converter :

Is fed from a low voltage (48 VDC)

Is able to provide a high voltage from 0 to 3 kW

Regulates its output current at IN (N being the number of working converters).

The converters are connected:

In parallel at the input (low voltage) side

In series at the output (high voltage) side.

Because of the amount of heat generated in the converter cubicle, when equipped with 5 converters running at 3kW, an improved heat management solution is implemented. The feature uses long-life speed control fans to cool the converter by drawing air past the converter heat sinks, from the bottom of the cubicle.





1 Power Unit

1.3 Regulation Function

0 t

IN

55% IN

IPU1

START

0 t

IN

45% IN

IPU2

START

Converters PU1I+V

PU2

I+V

LINECOM1

I+V

COM2

I+V

Converters

PU1

PU2

Regulation Loop

Regulation Loop

General principle

The power converter regulation function is implemented by a regulation loop made up of: A set of measuring circuits having for purpose to sample the current and voltage:

At the P.U. level At the common output level.

This duplication of the monitoring circuit enables to cover all the PFE configurations: Only one P.U. supplying the cable (or the Dummy Load) with the total line current Both P.U.s working in parallel and sharing the total line current.

A Current Control Unit, located in the logic shelf, which receives and processes the I and V

values transmitted by the Monitoring circuits by optical fibres.

Current sharing between both P.U.s

Both Power Units operate normally in parallel with each one supplying a portion of the line current.

In this case, the P.U. and Common Voltage / Current measurements are sent to the Current Control Card where they are compared to their reference values.

Each P.U. regulates its output current at approximately half of the total current value received from the common I/V monitoring boards.

Actually the common current is not exactly shared between both P.U.s:

The P.U. which is started at first generates 55 % of IN

The other P.U. generates 45 % of IN





Exercise

Specify the current and voltage values at different points of the power path in each configuration proposed hereafter

PU 1 is assumed started at first

10 minutes





Exercise : PU1&PU2 On Line

PU 1

PU 2

CNVR 2

PU I & VMonitoring

Common I/VMonitoring 1

CNVR 1

CNVR 2

PU I & VMonitoring


1000 mA

4840 VIL

DUMMY LOAD

CNVR 1

PU 2CNVR 2

PU I & VMonitoring2420V

550mA

2420V

550mA

550mA

4840VCNVR 1

PU 1CNVR 2


550mA

2420V

550mA

550mA

4840VCommon I/VMonitoring 1


4840V

1000mA

1000 mA

4840 VIL

DUMMY LOAD

1000mA

CNVR 1

Hidden Solution





Exercise : PU1 on Dummy Load & PU2 On Line



DUMMY LOAD

4280 V

1000 mA

4840 VIL

PU 1

PU 2

CNVR 2

PU I & VMonitoring

CNVR 1

CNVR 2

PU I & VMonitoring

CNVR 1

1000 mA

PU 2CNVR 2


1000mA

2420V

1000mA 1000mA

4840VCNVR 1

PU 1CNVR 2


1000mA

2140V

1000mA 1000mA

4280VCNVR 1Common I/VMonitoring 1


DUMMY LOAD

4280 V

1000 mA

1000mA

4840 VIL

1000mA

Hidden Solution





Notes Page only






2 Cable Terminating Unit






2.1 CT Functionalities

Terminates the system

earth cable.

Monitors the station

and system earth

currents.

Protects against excess

voltage difference

between station earth

and system earth. Connects the earthly line

from the PUs to either

Station Earth or System Earth.

Terminates the duct

land cable.

Connects power from

the Power Units to the

cable conductor.

Fibre handling

Cable Terminating

Assembly






2.2 Cable Terminating Unit Description

PFE High Line

SafetyEarth

Interlock

PFE Earth line

To Fibre termination shelf

Dedicated Station Earth

RackEarth

Door SafetyInterlock

MONITOR

SeaCable

EarthProtection

Unit

A

Dummy Load door

or

Filling panel

Cable terminating shelf

Fibre termination shelf

Earth Isolation

Shelf SYSTEM EARTH

SystemEarth

Dedicated Station Earth

RackEarth

The Cable Terminating equipment is made up of:

the Cable Terminating shelf which:

Connects the high voltage PFE output to the duct land cable

Routes the cable optical fibers to the Fiber Termination shelf.

the Fiber Termination shelf connecting the sea fibers from the duct cable to the fibers of the Transmission Terminal units.

the Earth Isolation shelf where the earthy line is connected either to the system earth or to the station earth in case of need.

NOTE : The cable head is also equipped with an open circuit link that can be removed to open circuit the line for safety reasons when working on the line.

The open circuit link is standard.

R4.4 has a new cable terminating desing including new safety meter and reposition of line choke. A cable discharge function is now available.






2.3 Fiber Handling

The Optical Fibre Distribution Unit facilitates the splicing of the incoming fibres from the cable manifold equipment onto fibres to the SLTE. Splice and fibre management is carried out in trays within the unit. Each tray can be withdrawn from the OFDU for ease of access. A lockable hinged front cover prevents unauthorised access to the trays and fibres.

R4.4 includes a new smaller ODF unit.

WARNING:

THE LASER LIGHT SOURCES USED FOR THIS TYPE OF TRANSMISSION ARE POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS TO EYESIGHT. EVERY PRECAUTION HAS BEEN TAKEN IN DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE TO ENSURE THAT DIRECT VIEWING OF THE LASER BEAM IS PRECLUDED BUT USERS ARE ADVISED TO ENSURE THAT THEY ARE NOT IN DIRECT LINE OF SIGHT WITH THE BEAM FROM ANY DISCONNECTED SECTIONS OF THE OPTICAL PATH.





3 Dummy Load Unit





3 Dummy Load Unit

3.1 Condition of Use

Unduplicated PU

Duplicated PU

Stationearth

PUD

L

I

VDL

PU1D

L

I

VDL

PU2

PU1D

L

PU2

The Dummy Load is designed to test the P.U.(s).

The conditions of this test depend on the PFE configuration:

The P.U. is not duplicated:

If necessary, the system must be reconfigured to supply the segment or the branch from an other end

The cable is connected to the earth by setting the Routing switch to "Dummy Load".

The P.U. is duplicated:

only one P.U. has to be tested

the cable continues to be supplied by the other P.U.

both P.U. have to be tested

same situation as in case of duplicated P.U.





3 Dummy Load Unit

3.2 Possible Arrangements

3 KW PFE 6, 9,12,15 or 18 KW PFE

Control

Terminating

Unit

Cable

Terminating

Unit

Dummy

Load

Assembly

Motorized

Rheostats

Fan Unit

Dummy Load

Control Unit

Filter Panel

Fan Assembly

(FU1)

Fan Assembly

(FU2)

Dummy Load

Controller

High Voltage

Terminal Panel

Dummy Load

Control Panel

The high voltage from the Power Unit(s) is applied to a set of rheostats.

All the rheostats are connected in series to form a variable resistor by means of which it is possible to make the P.U. output voltage move from zero to a level corresponding to the maximum voltage available at the output of PFE.

Consequently the total resistance (and the number of rheostats) depends on the PFE output current and voltage.

The dummy load is completed by:

a Filter panel, which connects the 50 VDC supply and includes a 50 V low-pass filter and an on/off switch (S1)

a fan unit

a control unit which processes the data received from the P.U.s and generates the commands to control the dummy load devices. This unit is of the same design as the alarm concentrator unit. In a combine CT/DLC the function is performed by the alarm concentrator at the top of the cubicle.

R4.4 includes a new fan control processing.





Notes Page only






End of moduleUnit Description



@@SECTIONLE



Module 1Maintenance Tasks OverviewTOP18063_V2.0-SG-R 4.4-Ed1 Module 2.1 Edition 1

Section 2Operation & Maintenance Tasks

Overview


R 4.4 Description




PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R 4.4 DescriptionOperation & Maintenance Tasks Overview Maintenance Tasks Overview


Blank page





Document History





Module objectives


Describe the main maintenance tasks





Table of Contents


1 Power Unit Routing 71.1 Routing Configurations 8

2 Powering Up Sequences 92.1 Power Configuration Number 102.2 Ramp-Up Procedure with BU R3.5 122.3 Sequence Description 15

3 Electroding 173.1 Principle 18

4 Earth Selection 194.1 Earth Termination 20





1 Power Unit Routing





1 Power Unit Routing

1.1 Routing Configurations

A Power Unit can be route On Line, Off Line or On Dummy Load

1) PU1

PU2

COM1 COM2 LINE

D.L.

2) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

3) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

4) PU1

PU2

COM1 COM2 LINE

D.L.

5) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

6) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

7) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

8) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

9) PU1

PU2

COM1

COM2

LINE

D.L.

The table below recaps the possible high voltage routing configurations according to the respective positions of both routing switches.

Routing Switchposition in PU1

Routing Switchposition in PU1 Configuration

ON LINE

ON LINE 1

OFF LINE 5

DUMMY LOAD 2

OFF LINE

ON LINE 6

OFF LINE 9

DUMMY LOAD 8

DUMMY LOAD

ON LINE 3

OFF LINE 7

DUMMY LOAD 4





2 Powering Up Sequences





2 Powering Up Sequences

2.1 Power Configuration Number

PCN specifies the ramp and the running characteristics required for the line :

Ramp Shape

PCN number

Regulation Mode

Nominal Current

Sequence 1

PCN Data

900mA two ended voltage

Rate

Ramping rate Current

900mA13mA/s1:

Mode Voltage

01 Oct 08

10:16:53

System Voltage

Share Voltage

Limit Voltage

8334V

4167V

10000V

Vsys, Vshare, Vlimit

PCN (Power Configuration Number)

At each PFE a set of powering-up sequences is proposed to the operator to define:

The way for ramping-up the PFE.

The running characteristics.

PCN specifies the configuration that the system will be powered up in. In some situation the same sequence number is used in several PCNs

CONSEQUENTLY, THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE SEQUENCE AND THE PCN IS SPECIFIC TO EACH STATION

The PCN specifies:

The current ramp shape.

The current ramping rate(s).

The regulation mode.

The level of the possible current step.

The System voltage (Vsyst) : the voltage that the PFE may be expected to feed, in a given configuration, when it is not sharing with a distant PFE.

The Share voltage (Vshare) : the voltage at which a PFE is expected to share in double-end feeding mode.

The limit voltage (Vlim) : the voltage at which the current starts reducing to zero ; it is set at Vsyst + 20 % or Vsyst + 400 V whichever is the greater.

PCN change in service to facilitate R3.5 BU configuration

Contrarily to previous BU releases, R3.5 BUs do not need to return to un-powered status to be reconfigured, then, the system has to change from one PCN (power configuration number) to another in service.

Section 2 Module 1 Pa

PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R4.4 Description_TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R4.4-Ed1

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Transcript of PFE (Power Feed Equipment) R4.4 Description_TOP18063_V2.0-SG-R4.4-Ed1