Pf - Defense Technical Information Center - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ... table are those publiihed in...
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Transcript of Pf - Defense Technical Information Center - MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, ... table are those publiihed in...
Pf: -
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, INCLUDING FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FATIGUE, AND RESISTANCE TO
STRESS-CORROSION CRACKIM} OF STRESS- RELIEVED STRETCHED ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSIONS
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D. J. Brownhill, R, E. Davies D. 0. Sprowls
Contract No. AF53(6l5)-3580 BPSN: 66 (687581-738106-6240551^)
Fourth Quarterly Report Dec. 15, 1966 - March 15, 1967
New Kensington, Pa. March 15, 1967
D 0_C_
APR 6 1967 * i U L^j—-U-JU u Lai-.
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■' ■
■
■
■ -'■'
NOTICE /
Ihls document may ndt be reproduced or published In
any form in whole or in part /without prior approval of the
Government. Since this Is a/progress report, the Information /
herein Is tentative and subject to changes, corrections and
modifications. '
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O
--T——,—
ABSTRACT
Die tensile and some compressive, shear, bearing,
fatigue and fracture-toughness properties of a total of 130
samples of 2014, 2024, 6o6l, 7075 and 7178 aluminum alloy-
extrusions In the TX51X and "heat-treated-by-user" tempers have
been determined. Ihe extrusions ranged In thickness from
0.050 to 6,500 In. Ratios among the tensile, corapresslve,
^ shear and bearing properties have also been computed.
Stress-corrosion tests of 18 samples of extrusions
have been completed.
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Table of Contents
I. Introduction 1
II. Jfaterlal 1
III. Procedure . 2
IV, Summary 4
V. TSables and Figures 6
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FOURTH QUARTERLY REPORT
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, INCLUDING FRACTURE TOUGHNESS AND FATIGUE, AND RESISTANCE TO STRESS-CORROSION CRACKING OF
STRESS-RELIEVED STRETCHED ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSIONS
I. Jntroductlon.
The tests being made under this contract are for use
in establishing design mechanical properties in MIL-KDBK-5A,
including stress-strain and tangent-modulus curves, for 201,4,
2024, 606l, 7075, 7079 and 7278 aluminum alloy extrusions in
the TX51X tempers. For comparison, a limited number of similar
() . tests are being made of extrusions in the "heat-treated-by-user"
temper. Also, some fracture-toughness, axial-stress fatigue
and stress-corrosion tests are being made.
This Fourth Quarterly Report summarizes the results
of tensile, compressive, shear, bearing, fatigue, fracture
toughness and stress-corrosion tests made to date on 102 samples
in the TX51X temper and on 28 samples in the "heat-treated-by-
user" tempers. Ihe samples ranged in thickness from 0.050 to 6,500
0 in.
II. Material.
A total of 110 samples of commercially-produced
extrusions in the TX51X temper and 18 samples in the 0 temper
have been received from two producers. The section thickness
and identification of each sample is shown in Table I. Eighteen
of the as-received samples in the 0 temper have been heat
treated, or heat treated and aged, in accordance with applicable
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2.
conditions in MIL-H-6088D. Five samples each of 2024-0 and
7075-0 were tested in two "heat-treated-by-user" tempers, so
that the total number of samples tested in those tempers is 28.
III. Procedure.
Mechanical Properties
Tensile, compressive, shear and bearing specimens were
taken at locations described in the Second Quarterly Report,
dated September 15, 1966. The general dimensions of these
specimens were shown in Pigs. 1 to 5» inclusive, of that report.
The testing procedures were as outlined in the First Quarterly
Report, dated June 15, 1966.
Tensile and compressive modulus and stress-strain
tests have been made of 27 samples of extrusions as described
in the Third Quarterly Report, dated December 15, 1966.
Fracture-toughness tests were made in accordance with
the methods described in ASTM STP 411* on fatigue-cracked
aingle-edge-notched specimens from the longitudinal and long-
transverse directions. The types of specimens are shown in
Pig. 1; the proportions cf these specimens are the same as those *
of specimens used by NASA, Lewis Research Center, The-fracture
parameters were calculated from relationships developed from
the NASA calibration.
Values of the critical plane-strain stress intensity
factor, Kjc, were calculated using two values of load from the
* W. P. Brown and J. E. Srawley, "Plane Strain Fracture Toughness Ttesting of High Strength Metals", ASTM STP 411, February, 1967.
o
3.
fracture-toughness tests. Ihe first value was calculated using
the load at the initial burst of unstable crack growth, as
indicated by the initial significant deviation from linearity
in the load deformation curve. In reporting the data, the
degree of clarity of the Initial deviation has been indicated
by the use of the letter "P" to indicate a clear instability or
pop-in, the letter "I" to indicate a less pronounced but yet
abrupt initial deviation from linearity which is believed to be
a supressed pop-in, and "M" to indicate that the initial
deviation was at the maximum or fracture load. The second value «
was calculated using the load at a 5 per cent secant offset,
equivalent to about 2 pei1 cent of crack extension; this was
done as a result of recent recommendations of ASTM Committee
E-24* that the secant-offset method be considered for establish-
ing Kjc, and values thus determined are indicated in the table
with the letter "S", or the letters "^1" when the load at the
secant offset was the maximum or fracture load. Additional
analysis of the results will be necessary to establish the
O permanent validity of the numbers. No values of Kjc are
reported at this time for those materials (principally 2024-T551X
and 606I-T65IO) which exhibited no initial instability and/or
general yielding.
Some axial-stress fatigue tests have been made of
fourteen selected samples of extrusions. Procedures for making
these tests were described in the First Quarterly Report,
* "Draft Recommended Practice for Notch-Bend Fracture Toughness Testing", ASTM Committee E24, February, 1967,
o
Resistance to Stress Corrosion
Stress-corrosion tests are being made of 43 selected
samples of extrusions; of these, 31 are In the TX51X temper and
12 are in the "heat-treated-by-user" temper. Procedures for
making these tests were described In the First Quarterly Report.
IV. Summary.
TLie results of tensile, compresslve, shear and bearing
tests of 102 samples of extrusions li. 1 i TX51X temper are
shown, according to alloy and temper. In Tobies II through IX;
the corresponding properties for extrusions In the "heat-
treated-by-user" tempers are shown In Table X. The tensile «
properties of all samples exceed the values in applicable
Federal Specifications. Specified minimum tensile properties
for extrusions are shown in Table XI; the values shown in this
table are those publiihed in the Aluminum Association Booklet,
"Standards for Aluminum Mill Products", 1967. Some of these
values, as indicated in the table, are lower than those shown
presently in Federal Specifications. It is understood,
yJ however, that the values in "SAM?" will be in the next revisions
of the Federal Specifications.
The ratios among the tensile, compressive and shear
properties of the extrusions in the TX51X tempers and the "heat-
treated-by-user" tempers are shown in Tables XII and XIII,
respectively, and the ratios among the bearing and tensile
properties of the corresponding extrusions are shown in Tables
XIV and XV, respectively, Iha ratios among the properties at
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5.
different locations with regard to width and thickness are
shown in Table XVI. The ratios among bearing properties
obtained using edgewise specimens to those obtained using
flatwise specimens are shown in Table XVII,
The results of the fracture-toughness tests are shown
In Table XVIII and those of the axial-stress fatigue tests are
shown in Fig- . 2 through 6.
■Hie current status of the stress-corrosion tests is
given in Table XIX. The tests of specimens of 18 samples were
terminated after 84 days exposure, and tensile tests were made
of these specimens to determine losses in tensile strength as a
result of corrosion. The tests thus far indicate typical
performances for the various materials.
Because it is expected that more samples of each
alloy and temper will be tested, no analysis of the data already
obtained is being presented at this time.
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R. E. DAVIES
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TABI£ X (Concluded)
TABLE XI
SPECIFIED MINIMUM VALUES* FOR ALUMINUM ALLOY EXTRUSIONS [ÄP33(6l5)-3580j
Thickness, In.
Area, sq. in.
Tensile 1 Alloy and
Temper UlUimte Stress,
psl
Yield Stress,t
psl
Elongatior 2 in. or 41
*
Federal Speclflcatlc
2014-T62 «0.749 All 6ü 000 53 000 7 QQ-A-200/2b
-T65IO *e.4Q9 0.500-0.749
»0.750
All All «25
60 000 64 000 68 000
53 000 58 000 60 000
7 7 /
2024-T3510, -T3511"
«0.249 0.250-0.749 0.750-1.499
»l;500 »1.500
All All All «25 *25^32
57 000 60 000 65 000 70 000 68 000
42 000 44 000 46 000 52 000 48 000
12 \ 12 10 10 8
QQ-A-200/3b
-T42 «0.749 »1.500
All «25
57 000 57 000
38 000 38 000
12 10
-T85J.O, -T85II
0.050-0.249 0.250-1.499
»1.500
All All «32
64 000 66 000 66 000
56 000 58 000 58 000
4 5 5
-1«62 ' «0.749 »1.500
- —
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None
6061-T62*, -T65IO
5^0.249 »O.250
All All
38 000 38 000
35 000 35 000
8** I 10 J
Qft-A-200/Bb
7075-T62*, -T65IO
*o.249 0.250-0.499 0.500-2,Q99 3.000-4.499
All All All «20
78 000 81 000 81 000 81 000
70 000 73 000 72 000 71 000
7 7 7 7 >
> QQ-A-200/llb
-T73XJtt -T73510
^0.249 r,. 250-0.499 0.500-1.499 1.500-2.999
-
--
—
>
>
1
None
7079-T62,* -T65IO
«0.249 O.250-O.499
«20 «20
75 000 77 000
67 000 68 000 * } Qft-A-200/l2b
7178-T62* «0.061 O.250-I.499
«20 «20
79 ooo*# 82 ooo*#
73 000** 74 000**
5 5
QQ-A-200A3
-T6510 0.062-0.249 0.250-1.499
«20 ^25
84 000*» 87 000**
76 000** 78 000**
5 5
0
0
* All values are as shown In the Aluminum Association Booklet, "Standards for Aluminum Mill Products," I967.
t Offset equals 0.2 per cent. ♦ In Qft-A-200/Bb, lib, 12b and 13, values for T6 tewper apply also for extrusions heat treated
and aged by user (T62 temper;. ** Lower than In Federal specif lea tlona. ft "T73X" signifies T73-type tenqper for 7075 when heat treated and agsd by user. Standard
designation not yet assigned.
—— -—^
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o o o
I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
I i i i b- i i i i i i i i i i • i i i i i i
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oooooooo
i i i i i i irvm i in i vb ITIIA i i En i i ^- i -=»• 15^*3d- ,111111 mtn 1 m 1 fn 1 1 1 1 1 1 • • 1 • 1 • • • 1 1 • 1 1 • 1 • 1 • • • • • 1 t 1 1 i 1 • • 1 • 1 •
00 o 000 o o 00000
1 1 1 1 1 1 inir»I)irM3>Binin=*-irSinininind-5paF3aF3inin
dooödoddoddodoodöoddoo
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000000
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rHOO O OOOOOOOOO OOOOOOO
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I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I l-l I I
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Key HJ* [-5 SSins*- cy ododi^odoHoi
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dodooocyj*-odH
ofiMjOHininot-- uNg-HNOOHincoinosn ocyoo 00 m g o o -3-° o OOOOOOOOOH
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TABI£ XII
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39
1 in 1 in
mm 1 1 in 1 1 m 1 mmmmm • • 1 1 • 1 1 • 1 00 o o 00000
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m t 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1
o
3^-o\tn cuo/cvoj f-i~-K i 1 1 1 1 mmmm 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 1 r 1 • • • • 1 1 1 1 1 • • • • 1 1 1 1 0000 0000
mtnmmintninmininininmin 1 1 1 1 ^M5t--i5t^-Mamminmmm»'> 1 1 1 oooooooooooodo oodooooododo'ood
1 I I I I 1 I I I O I o I I I I I I I I I • I •
1 1 f 1 en
ooö^öooöö 1 00000 iSiöi 1 ooo8\o 1 CTV 1 a\CT\&Si!b 1810 (••••• I«|>I 1 •••••j •)>•••• |.|. • HHOi-IHHHH HHHHM O H Hrir-IOr-l O OOOOO rH H
S^«S«&SS388öSö &S&883??;8g&8Sä838888 «SÄÖ iHHOHHHHrHHHrHHHrH o HO rH^HrHOiHO O HHHHHHHf-JrH dddrH
ijiiiiiiiiimicr. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r 1 1 1 1 1 1 ico 1 1 I I 1 1 I 1 1 1 I 1 1 • 1 • 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 • 1 i
mg8««fe8»««88 OOOr-d-lodoHdoOHH
I 0\ I W 1 1 SaJma^ 100 löocoflSoooo 1 • 1 • t 1 . • • . . 1 • 1
O O HOOOO O OOOOO
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I i I I I I I I I I I • i • III
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1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I 1 1 a< 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 • 1 1
1 o\ 1 K 1 1 d^o\a\o\ 1 co 1 i&chch&ro 1 -i •11 1 • 1
O O HOOOO O OOOOO 1 K 1 *
EHF<e<E-iE-iE-iHE-iHf<E-iMF(EH
. 000 H b N N-^-P-cö MB 2 "5 2 WKMOIO fr\ir\ ?\ m n
avovovo a\if\ 00 vo 0 HuWm K\t^ ■* JJ ^'
^<^<^<^ ■Os w www www w w W»^2r3»^SS-*W wwww
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TABLE XII (Continued)
mfmmmmmmr*
to-,
i i i i i I I i i i i i i i i i in i i i i i i r i i i i i i i ! I i i i i i i i i i • i i i i i i i i i o
i i i ir»r\iniriir\ i mtn iii ooooo oo
-* H cu t-t-'Otn mm i i i mm i m i i tnCnmm i i i ii . . • . i oooo
i mmmtnmmmmmmmmmmmmm ncmmmminmrn im I !...•.... | . ooooooooooooooooo oooooooo o
l<\=t l>\ HO i i i i i min i i m i mm i i i i i •• i i • i • •
o o Ü o o
i i i i inmminr\mmmiA i i i i ooooo oooo
I III I I N I I I I? I ^ I I I I I 11 ! I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I
16;
1 I 1 o 00 5\öIOOII®Oö&I!R iiaoobii&N 00 oöiiiooiia\icSö I11 (••ii 1 1 • ■ • • 1 1 • • • • ■ 1 1 1 • • 1 1 • 1 • •
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: 1 i i 11 i Sä ICO ICO .3
1 £h I b\6\&\KS 1 chCnt»-100Osmooro 1 1 WÖO^Svw ICO 0\if\ OvSh 1 1 1 CTIWOWO CNoSai o o'o'o'o'd o'dd dddo'd 00 00 oooooooo
I I i I I I I I I I !l I i 1^1^ ! I I II 11II II I i I I ! I I 11 I I I S
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TABIE XIII
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s
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in .a- i I i-a- 14- I ill . i * i
0\ iH I I 1 i > i . I 1 III • I -I
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fSCJ C\l H r-H CM rH
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SftffSmR SSJ?*S5fSl[ftöÄIRt5«8lfcRi?W«gWi»»Flfe»R
■ ••■■•■ ft WWWWWHrHrH
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£&ü3m tö«&M9i^&WRi^i^g(« » a« HrtHHrHrlHHiHiH^HHHHHrHiHrHHHHHHHrHH
n, n, ni n.«. „. „. „, „, **?P?>>'>>,«*»*>S >>X VXWWWSXM CMCMCMOICVJCMCVJOJ CMit CM,* CM CM CM;)
Ba t^oooo o F-F-dO ajä5t^-t-cBt^t--<St-K-ot~t--t--co f-c5 o to o <5 Hi-trtJJHHH iHHd!^c!"-*HrH^'(HHrHHHH <-4rH «F H 5[ H (^
t~-^l<MoftlCDCOCM'£liHO\<T«)VOVO OMr\ CO 00 O VO
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I I I i I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1 I I I i I I' \ I I I i i I I I i I I i I I i r i i i i i i • i • I
i i l i l i i i ; i i i i i i i i i i i i .i - i t i I I I I r I i I i i i I r i i i r i i i I • i • i
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i i i i i i i i i i fy i miAi^ i .=(■ r^oj fV\J i i i i i i i i i i -i • • • i
i i i i i i i i i i i i h\ i rr\ r i i i i i i i i i i i i • i -i
i i i i i i i in i iTW'-J uS
I I I I I I I I I (\l I OJ IJ C \l (\J I I I I I I I I I I • I • • • • I
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irv4t~*.*HQcocgt^inQQi-iinint~-a)iocj<yi cviaji-i • * ...
HrHrHrHHHl-IHHHiHHHrHrHrHrHHHHH rHrHH
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HrHiHWCVlCMrHHHrHHrHHHHHrHiHrHrHrHrH^HrHiH
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IWI IrHOJOJOJl I I < 100 I K I l.ll....llll-l'l
CM OJPJaJOJ rH rH
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rH rHrHrHH rH rH
t-t-covoCovotf) t-t^inin3F^- i'Mn? rHrHrHrHrHHrHHHHHrirHH-lrH
ininfn^iRo ir*o3 rnwcyKmi C\J ai rHHrHrHrHrHHHrHrHHrHrHrHrHH
CD O O) O in rH H t~-H m f-VlNO t^-cj o> mo mn H w cu H PJ C3V3O«DCOOOOO t^
CMOJOJOJtMCyCMCVJCVJrHHr-IHrHrHH
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frieHEHEHtiEH6H6HfEiEHEHEHEHe-i
+■••- ♦■ *- *■
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TABI£ XIV (Continued)
3
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3 B V « o a» ^ &^ "PS o a. Q-P e
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mm trO^t- I I I I I I I I I I I l>Ki| I I I CIOKU I I I I I I I I I I I • • I I I • • •
r-tH HHrH
i i i p i i i i i i rot i i i mM5vD I I i i i i i i I I i •• I i I • • •
O*0 CTimH i I I I I I I I I I I nir^ I I I r-iwicv I I r I i I i I i I I I • • I i I • • • t
HH HHH
I I I t I I I I I I ifrRl I lS>Slftlf! I I I I I I I I I I I • • I I I • • • •
l<VD Hmncvi I I I I 1 I I I I I I "^ ■ ! ! mKM<MA I I I I I I I I I I I ••III • • • •
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I I I I I I I I I I I I
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18 000 18 000
17 000 19 800 16 600
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32 »00 0.»3 19 500
O.83 26 900 0.90 29 »00 O.öl 26 700 O.85 ?7 ÖOO
iZ 100 0.8Z 25 300 .6 000 0.88 Z? »00
0.91 0.91
_ 500 Zö 500
66
66 Rl
r» 71 r; 71
V, 51 5Z 5Z
»6 1«
125 125 l.'l IIS
95 95
101 101
31 31
31 31
20 ja 26
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72
60
76
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10
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100 800
57 S'(
Kl 6<x. 0.63 2» 800 » L - Loogitudlnal; T - Tranavaraa Nature of Pop-In Indloatloni N - Maximum Load
P - Clear Pop-in. below «axlaus load without aignlfloant prior devlatlCQ frm linearity I - Initial algnlfioant deviation frcm linearity 3-5 per oent aeoent offaat
At atart of rr&oeura toughneaa teat, i.e., after fatigue cracking rAB Criqbioed (P/A * Ma/I) atreaa at tip of oraok
tt HO,,, - Ki02 (1 . t») . I? J J7.59 J . J8 (J)Z + ll7 (J)^ j „f, ,3« fiTP ^n. K m aodulua of alaattolty, pal „ Ojo • plana-atraln strain-energy raleaae rate, in.-lb/ln.'i
Ej0 - plane-atrain atraaa-lntenalty factor, palyin. F ■ load, lb, at unatable crack growth B > thicknaaa, in. w • frroaa width, in.
• « Produoer B, all othm are Produ-er A
I'olaaon'c ratio - 0.33 for almilnun 1 •0 + S"!8 2 - actual crack lenclh. Ii r'«aya
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