Case Study 1 Application of different tools: RBCA Tool Kit and APIDSS.
Petroleum Hydrocarbon Sediment Quality Guidelines€¦ · harmonization in the assessment and...
Transcript of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Sediment Quality Guidelines€¦ · harmonization in the assessment and...
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Petroleum Hydrocarbon Sediment Quality Guidelines
Rita Mroz, Environment Canada Ulysses Klee, Stantec Rob Willis, Dillon Consulting Real Property Institute of Canada Federal Contaminated Sites National Workshop Montreal, April 2016
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Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) Sediment Criteria
• Developed by Atlantic PIRI • Released in 2012 • Today’s presentation:
– How the values were derived – Sediment toxicity testing for validation – Laboratory/analytical considerations
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Background • Atlantic PIRI = Atlantic Partners In RBCA Implementation • RBCA = Risk Based Corrective Action (ASTM) • Established in 1997, it is a partnership between Regulators,
Industry and Consultants • Formal MOU between 4 Atlantic Provinces; promotes
harmonization in the assessment and remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated sites
• Atlantic PIRI is responsible for Atlantic RBCA implementation and continuous improvement
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Background
Source: StatsCan, CANSIM tables 128-002 and 128-0009
• The Atlantic Region uses more fuel oil than other regions in Canada (electricity generation, home heating, etc).
• As a result of spills, leaks, etc, provinces and industry were motivated to develop risk-based harmonized remediation criteria
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Background Canada Wide Standards for Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil
• Issued in 2000; updated 2008
• Provides soil screening criteria for human health and ecological receptors
• Criteria provided as “fractions” (F1-F4)
Atlantic RBCA
• Issued in 1998; updated 2003 and 2012
• Provides soil and groundwater screening criteria for human health and soil, groundwater, surface water and sediment screening criteria for ecological receptors
• Criteria provided as “products” (gas, diesel and lube oil)
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Atlantic RBCA • Version 1 (1998) and Version 2 (2003) provided
human health based criteria only • Ecological considerations
– Identification of potential ecological concerns addressed via a one page screening form
– Questions focused on habitat presence/absence
• Atlantic PIRI wanted to expand the eco assessment to include eco-based screening criteria for soil, groundwater, surface water and sediment.
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EcoTask Group • Formed in 2006 • Members:
– Ken Doe, Environment Canada – Ulysses Klee, Stantec (formerly Dillon) – Peter Miasek, Imperial Oil – Rita Mroz, Environment Canada – Malcolm Stephenson, Stantec – Rob Willis, Dillon (formerly Intrinsik) – Affiliate members: Chris Allaway, EC (Ottawa) and Thomas Parkerton,
Exxon Mobil • Purpose: Update/revise eco-screening checklist in RBCA User
Guidance – Improve guidance – Include eco-based criteria for soil, sediment, surface water and ground
water
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Eco Screening Levels • Soil – adopted from CWS, 2008 • Groundwater to surface water – PETROTOX • Shallow groundwater (direct contact) – Alberta
Environment • Surface Water – PETROTOX • Sediment – PETROTOX & Equilibrium
Partitioning model
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Surface water-Sediment Link • Sediment criteria based on
the surface water criteria • Next slides explain
derivation of surface water eco screening levels, then sediment
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Surface Water Eco Screening Levels
Protection of aquatic life (plants, fish, invertebrates) • CCME does not have surface water criteria for PHCs • CCME does have surface water criteria for benzene,
toluene and ethyl benzene but not xylene (late 1990’s) • Task Group considered options to derive both BTEX and
PHCs screening values – selected PETROTOX • Derived surface water screening criteria for BTEX,
gasoline, diesel and lube using PETROTOX • Surface water screening criteria sediment criteria, by
applying the equilibrium partitioning model (EqP)
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Sediment Eco Screening Levels • Protection of aquatic life (plants, fish, invertebrates)
• Equilibrium partitioning model (EqP) – Assumes toxicity of a chemical in sediment is the result of
chemical concentration in the aqueous phase – Partitioning behaviour of an organic is a function of the
chemical’s organic carbon-water partitioning coefficient (Koc) and the sediment’s fraction organic carbon (Foc)
– Sediment ESL = surface water ESL x Koc x Foc
• Allows for adjustments based on Foc – site-specific Foc (Atlantic RBCA eco screening levels assume
default Foc of 0.01) – Maximum of 500 mg/kg TPH (“management limit”)
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Two sediment categories • “Typical”: where sediment is used to support sensitive
components of aquatic ecosystems (e.g. fish spawning, intertidal zones that are important for the preservation of fish & wildlife, etc.)
• “Other”: for sediments not classified as “typical” (e.g. ditches, industrial- influenced receiving areas, etc.)
• FCSAP advises to screen against “typical” screening levels; site professional must provide sufficient rationale for applying “other”
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Sediment Toxicity Tests - 2009 • # 2 Oil (Winter Diesel) and # 6 Oil (Bunker C) • Hyalella azteca (amphipod) and Chironomus dilutus
(midge) • EC methods • Artificial Sediment • Static and static/renewal
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Results - #6 Oil -
0
200
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LC50
(mg/
kg)
H. azteca - SPetroTox
0
200
400
600
800
1000
EC
50 (m
g/kg
)
H. azteca - SPetrotox
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Sediment Toxicity Testing 2015 • “Real” sediment • Sediment from known PHC contaminated FCSAP site • Marine amphipod, Eohaustorius estuarius • Survival, emergence and re-burial • Foc determined = 0.04 • Product = #6 fuel
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Results
% survival (E. estuarius)
TPH concentration -- Atlantic PIRI eco screening level, adjusted for Foc of 0.04 (43 mg/kg x 4 = 172 mg/kg for #6 oil/lube)
Sites
% s
urvi
val
TPH
con
cent
ratio
n
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Analytical Considerations for Using PIRI ESLs at Federal Sites
• Concentrations of PHCs at federal sites most often reported as CWS fractions (F1-F4).
• Atlantic PIRI criteria are provided as “modified TPH” for 3 specific products (gas, diesel and lube).
• How to use CWS data with Atlantic PIRI criteria?
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Step 1: Calculate a modified TPH value – Add F1+ F2 + F3 (less BTEX) data to calculate a “Modified
TPH” concentration value – Atlantic PIRI criteria includes up to C32 while CCME F3
reports to C34. Not likely to be an issue - uncertainty in 2 carbon units much less than the uncertainty due to overall sample homogeneity and analysis methodologies.
– Note: Atlantic PIRI did not derive criteria for products in F4 range (C34-C50). F4 should not be included in the summation for the “Modified TPH” value. If sediment has concentrations in F4 range, alternate methods of screening required.
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Comparison Study (Feb 2016)
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Conclusions of Comparison Study • Methods are comparable • Despite the difference between analyzing >C32 vs C34,
results are similar • General trend that CWS TPH is lower than PIRI TPH could
be due to the silica gel clean-up required in CWS method (reduce the overall TPH value by removing non-petrogenic compounds)
• Overall, adding CWS F1+ F2+ F3 is a valid recommendation to generate a modified TPH value
Special “thank you” to A. Stewart, R. Whelan, and B. Loescher, Maxxam Analytics (Bedford/St John’s) for undertaking this study
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Step 2: Product Type • To select the appropriate modified TPH
criteria, product type must be determined • Gas? Diesel? Lube? • Can be done by:
– Site history – Laboratory resemblance comments (CCME
Reference Method, 2001; Atlantic PIRI Guidelines for Laboratories, 2016)
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Step 3 Compare to Appropriate Eco Screening Level
• Example: Sum of F1-F3 is 45 mg/kg, resembles diesel.
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If Fraction of Organic Carbon is known…. • Sum of F1-F3 is 45 mg/kg, resembles diesel, with an Foc of 0.02 (2%) • Screening level is multiplied by 2 to become 50 mg/kg (as default
ESLs assume Foc is 0.01….if 0.02, than criteria is doubled, so long as to remain below 500 mg/kg)
x 2
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Atlantic PIRI website: http://www.atlanticrbca.com
(User Guidance, Scientific Rationale Document)
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Questions?
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PETROTOX Model Developed by CONCAWE (Conservation of Clean Air and Water in Europe)
Regulatory Developments: • REACH legislation in EU • Requirement for conducting environmental risk
assessments for petroleum substances • New initiatives aimed at avoiding / reducing animal
toxicity testing In Canada: Used by EC/HC for screening assessments for petroleum products as part of the Chemical Management Plan
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PETROTOX Model • Calculates toxicity of petroleum products to aquatic organisms • Based on quantitative relationships between hydrocarbon
structure and eco-toxicity (QSAR model) • Applies target lipid narcosis model • Toxicity database for 42 aquatic species (fish, amphibians,
invertebrates and algae) and 1457 hydrocarbons • Phys-chem property database for PHCs • Assumes hydrocarbon toxicity is additive • Estimates predicted-no-effect-concentration (PNECs) for
aquatic species exposed to PHCs (including BTEX, gasoline, diesel, lube oil) based on HC5 (5th percentile) of species sensitivity distributions