PETAL-II EATMP PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 1 ATN 2001 - 18 th Sep 2001 ATN 2001 18 th September 2001...
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Transcript of PETAL-II EATMP PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 1 ATN 2001 - 18 th Sep 2001 ATN 2001 18 th September 2001...
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 1 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
ATN 2001 18th September 2001
PETAL-II Operational ResultsThe Controller and Aircrew Viewpoint
Martin McHUGH EUROCONTROL,
DIS/ATD
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 2 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Activity: CPDLC Flights May 1998 – August 2001Activity: CPDLC Flights May 1998 – August 2001
020406080
100120140160180200220240260280300320340360380400420440460480500
ATN
NEAN
FANS-1/A
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 3 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
TOTAL CPDLC Flights
ATN: 3FANS-1/A: 6690NEAN: 1762
TOTAL: 8455
Represents less than 1% of Maastricht Movements
Activity: CPDLC Flights May 1998 – August 2001Activity: CPDLC Flights May 1998 – August 2001
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 4 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
3113FLIGHT CREWS
NEAN
4158 FLIGHT CREWS
FANS1/A
65152CONTROLLERS
No. of Interviews Conducted
No. of Questionnaires Completed
Feedback: To 31st August 2001Feedback: To 31st August 2001
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 5 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Feedback: To 31st August 2001Feedback: To 31st August 2001
Questionnaires Pertinent to users’ last experience of Datalink only, System failures or ‘sluggish’ dialogues usually result in “Not
Useful” response. May consider datalink as “Useful” one day, “Not Useful” the
next.
Interviews Record users’ overall experience with datalink. Many “Not Useful” responses are qualified; eg. “With the
current HMI”, “With the limited number of aircraft participating” etc.
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 6 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
FLIGHT CREWS
NEAN
FLIGHT CREWS
FANS1/A
43†(77%)CONTROLLERS
Datalink Useful
Datalink Not Useful
No Impact More Experience
7†(13%) 3†(5%) 3†(5%)
90*(61%)
36*(86%)
15*(10%) 19*(13%) 23*(16%)
1*(2%) 3*(7%) 2*(5%)
Feedback: To 31st August 2001Feedback: To 31st August 2001
† Information extracted from Interviews only
* Information extracted mainly from Questionnaires
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 7 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Controller Response: Value of MessagesController Response: Value of Messages
122
110
57
102
47
60
21
34
15
46
56
-9
-35
-8
-18
-12
-33
-22
-12
-29
-4
-3
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140
Considered Useful
Considered Not Useful
Transfer of Voice Comms
Flight Level Clearance
Flight Level Request
Route Clearance
Route Request
Heading Clearance
Vertical Rate Clearance
Speed Clearance
‘Time’ Clearance
ATC Mic Check
SSR Clearance
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 8 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
NEAN - Considered Useful
NEAN - Considered Not Useful
FANS - Considered Useful
FANS - Considered Not Useful
Transfer of Voice Comms
Flight Level Clearance
Flight Level Request
Route Clearance
Route Request
Heading Clearance
Vertical Rate Clearance
Speed Clearance
‘Time’ Clearance
ATC Mic Check
SSR Clearance
Aircrew Response: Value of MessagesAircrew Response: Value of Messages
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 9 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
Transfer of Voice Comms
Flight Level Clearance
Flight Level Request
Route Clearance
Route Request
Heading Clearance
Vertical Rate Clearance
Speed Clearance
‘Time’ Clearance
ATC Mic Check
SSR Clearance
Response: Value of Messages - ComparisonResponse: Value of Messages - Comparison
-50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 10 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
18
94
143
197
371
1155
4268
4689
6906
32
122
197
202
601
1568
947
5754
473
6229
9353
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Uplink/Downlink Used
Operational Response Received
Transfer of Voice Comms [uM117]
Flight Level Clearance [uM19, 2023, 26, 27, 28, 29, 148]
Flight Level Request [dM6, 9, 10]
Route Clearance [uM64, 74, 82]
Route Request [dM22, 27]
Heading Clearance [uM94, 96, 190,215]
SSR Clearance [uM123, 179]
ATC Mic Check [uM157]
Speed Clearance [uM55, 106, 107,108, 109, 116, 222]Vertical Rate Clearance [uM171,172, 173, 174]
‘Time’ Clearance [uM51, 52, 53, 54]
Feedback: Actual usage of Messages to 31 Aug 01Feedback: Actual usage of Messages to 31 Aug 01
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 11 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
Transfer of Voice Comms [uM117]
Flight Level Clearance [uM19, 2023, 26, 27, 28, 29, 148]
Flight Level Request [dM6, 9, 10]
Route Clearance [uM64, 74, 82]
Route Request [dM22, 27]
Heading Clearance [uM94, 96, 190,215]
SSR Clearance [uM123, 179]
ATC Mic Check [uM157]
Speed Clearance [uM55, 106, 107,108, 109, 116, 222]Vertical Rate Clearance [uM171,172, 173, 174]
‘Time’ Clearance [uM51, 52, 53, 54]
Feedback: Comparison – Actual usage / ValueFeedback: Comparison – Actual usage / Value
Uplink/Downlink Used
Message Useful - Aircrew
Message Useful - Controllers
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 12 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
38
0
277
4
1284
0
873
2141
3517
32
122
197
202
601
1568
5754
6229
9353
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000
PETAL
Oceanic
Transfer of Voice Comms [uM117]
Flight Level Clearance [uM19, 2023, 26, 27, 28, 29, 148]
Route Clearance [uM64, 74, 82]
Heading Clearance [uM94, 96, 190,215]
SSR Clearance [uM123, 179]
ATC Mic Check [uM157]
Speed Clearance [uM55, 106, 107,108, 109, 116, 222]
Vertical Rate Clearance [uM171,172, 173, 174]
‘Time’ Clearance [uM51, 52, 53, 54]
Feedback: Usage – Comparison with OceanicFeedback: Usage – Comparison with Oceanic
NOTE: Oceanic usage accumulated over an 18 month period
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 13 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Positive Aspects Datalink messages reduce instances of callsign
confusion and incorrect readbacks / need to repeat messages (eg. 8.33MHz frequency spacing)
Ability to delegate / task share routine tasks (transfers, SSR code allocations, route clearances) to Co-ordinator / Assistant.
Datalink communication has potential for task automation (eg. Automatic uplinking of new SSR codes).
Provides an alternate / additional means of air/ground communication.
Controller Response: Opinion OverallController Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 14 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects System reliability needs to be improved.
Error message received after uplinked clearance. Message time-outs. No response from the flight deck.
Controller Response: Opinion OverallController Response: Opinion Overall
5% or Less
Controllers Perception of Approximate Datalink Failure Rate
10% 20% 30% 50%
5†(12%) 10†(24%) 10†(24%) 16†(38%) 1†(2%)
† Information extracted from Interviews only
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 15 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects System reliability needs to be improved. Speed of datalink dialogues.
Failed Dialogues (No receipt or response) Flight crew inexperience However, dialogues are completed quickly enough for
non time-critical clearances (Transfers, SSR etc)
Controller Response: Opinion OverallController Response: Opinion Overall
Quick Enough
Speed of Datalink Dialogues
112† (62%) 60†(33%) 10†(5%)
NOT Quick Enough
Not Sure
† Information extracted from Questionnaires and Interviews
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 16 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects System reliability needs to be improved. Speed of datalink dialogues. Datalink inputs are cumbersome, not instinctive and take
too long – Current HMI. For example, …………
Controller Response: Opinion OverallController Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 17 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Synthetic Dynamic Display
Executive Control Message
Touch Input Device
Flight Data Message
Controller Response: Datalink InputsController Response: Datalink Inputs
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 18 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
SET UAL945 ANZ18 COA51 BAG221 DLH458
SCALE QFA1 ACA873 SIA26 SAS554 BAW536
RLB/CS NXT
1
4BTK
QFA1 PETAL-II SQUAWK IDENT
EXEC
“SQUAWK IDENT”
4 TID Inputs
Controller Response: Datalink InputsController Response: Datalink Inputs
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 19 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
SET UAL945 ANZ18 COA51 BAG221 DLH458
SCALE QFA1 ACA873 SIA26 SAS554 BAW536
RLB/CS NXT
1
15BTK
QFA1 PETAL-II CROSS-POS [POSN] BTW-TME [TIME] AND-TIME [TIME]
EXEC
“CROSS [position] BETWEEN [time] AND [time]”
15 TID Inputs
Controller Response: Datalink InputsController Response: Datalink Inputs
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 20 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Enhanced Controller HMI for CPDLC
2
3
1
Mouse DrivenSelectable MenusOn-Screen Message Boxes
Controller Response: Datalink InputsController Response: Datalink Inputs
Controller’s attention is not drawn away from the radar display
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 21 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects Using datalink increases controller workload.
Current HMI too complex - 34 (20%) Of 69 controllers specifically questioned, 56 (81%)
considered that using datalink either decreased or had no impact on the workload of other sector team members
Controller Response: Opinion OverallController Response: Opinion Overall
Executive Controller
Controllers Workload
110†(64%) 6†(4%) 55†(32%)
Co-ordinator / Assistant
Increased Decreased No Impact
37†(39%) 5†(5%) 54†(56%)
† Information extracted from Questionnaires and Interviews
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 22 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects System reliability needs to be improved. Speed of datalink dialogues. Datalink inputs are cumbersome, not instinctive and take
too long – Current HMI. Using datalink increases controller workload. Lack of familiarity with equipment and procedures. (Less
than 1% of traffic currently handled by Maastricht UAC is datalink capable)
Controller Response: Opinion OverallController Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 23 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Positive Aspects The precise nature of datalink reduces the likelihood of
misunderstandings (eg regional dialects). Widespread acceptance (and crew experience) of
CPDLC as an air/ground communications medium. Safety benefits apparent (eg B777 HMI).
Aircrew Response: Opinion OverallAircrew Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 24 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Uplink Clearance Accepted (“Wilco” Downlinked)
Corresponding uplinked value input into appropriate end system
Aircrew Response: B777 HMI – Safety BenefitsAircrew Response: B777 HMI – Safety Benefits
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 25 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects The requirement for R/T confirmation of some* datalink
clearances offsets some benefits.* (the requirement for R/T confirmation of Transfer and SSR
clearances was removed from 9th August 2001)
Aircrew Response: Opinion OverallAircrew Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 26 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects The requirement for R/T confirmation of some* datalink
clearances offsets some benefits. NEAN Equipped Aircraft – An aural alert for incoming
datalink messages required.
Aircrew Response: Opinion OverallAircrew Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 27 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
MMI5000
Datalink Message Received
Aircrew Response: NEAN HMI – Message AlertAircrew Response: NEAN HMI – Message Alert
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 28 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects The requirement for R/T confirmation of some* datalink
clearances offsets some benefits. NEAN Equipped Aircraft – An aural alert for incoming
datalink messages required. NEAN Equipped Aircraft – An additional HMI, or re-
positioning of existing HMI, necessary.
Aircrew Response: Opinion OverallAircrew Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 29 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
DC-9 Flight Deck
MMI5000
NEAN
Aircrew Response: NEAN – Position of HMIAircrew Response: NEAN – Position of HMI
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 30 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
B747-200 Flight DeckNEAN
Aircrew Response: NEAN – Position of HMIAircrew Response: NEAN – Position of HMI
MMI5000
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 31 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
A330/340 Flight Deck
2119Z FROM EDYY CTL
CLB TO & MAINT FL310OPEN
*UNABLE
<OTHER
STBY*
WILCO*
ATCCOMM
FANS-A
Aircrew Response: FANS-A – Position of HMIAircrew Response: FANS-A – Position of HMI
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 32 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Negative Aspects The requirement for R/T confirmation of some* datalink
clearances offsets some benefits. NEAN Equipped Aircraft – An aural alert for incoming
datalink messages required. NEAN Equipped Aircraft – An additional HMI, or re-
positioning of existing HMI, necessary. FANS Equipped Aircraft – Tone of aural alerting for
incoming messages is too similar to other alerts (cabin call, SELCAL).
Aircrew Response: Opinion OverallAircrew Response: Opinion Overall
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 33 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
User Response: SummaryUser Response: Summary
Controller ResponsePositive Aspects
1. Reduces callsign confusion and incorrect readbacks / need to repeat messages.
2. Ability to delegate / task share routine tasks.
3. Potential for task automation.
4. Provides an alternate / additional means of a/g comms.
Controller ResponseNegative Aspects
1. System reliability needs to be improved.
2. Speed of datalink dialogues.
3. Datalink inputs too cumbersome.
4. Increase in controller workload.
5. Lack of familiarity with equipment and procedures.
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 34 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
User Response: SummaryUser Response: Summary
Aircrew ResponsePositive Aspects
1. Reduces likelihood of misunderstandings.
2. Many crews experienced in using CPDLC for a/g comms.
3. Safety benefits apparent (eg B777 HMI).
Aircrew ResponseNegative Aspects
1. Requirement for R/T confirmation offsets some benefits.
2. Aural alert for incoming datalink messages required (NEAN).
3. Additional or re-positioned HMI necessary (NEAN).
4. More distinct tone for aural alert necessary (FANS).
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 35 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Issues Arising: Concatenated MessagesIssues Arising: Concatenated Messages
Observation:
Although the majority of controllers and flight crews consider that the ability to combine
datalink messages to be useful, a number of important issues have been identified: Combinations leading to ambiguous or potentially
conflicting clearances should be ruled out. Combinations leading to conditional clearances (e.g.
at [position] climb to [level]) should be avoided. Airborne HMI designs should ensure that all parts of
the clearance are apparent to the aircrew.
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 36 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Issues Arising: Concatenated MessagesIssues Arising: Concatenated Messages
0955Z NEW CAN YOU ACCEPT FL35 . . >
ATC LOG 1 / 1
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
<INDEX ERASE LOG>
Reading a new uplink clearance on the ATC Log page, the pilot is presented with a truncated message. This could result in an instruction …………
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 37 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Issues Arising: Concatenated MessagesIssues Arising: Concatenated Messages
………… being initiated before the controller intended.
STATUS
OPEN
0955z ATC UPLINK 1 / 1
<PRINT LOG>
/ CAN YOU ACCEPTFL350 AT
10N57
<STANDBY
<REJECT ACCEPT> - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 38 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Issues Arising: Concatenated MessagesIssues Arising: Concatenated Messages
Recommendations (for implementation):
1) Combining messages is a useful operational facility, and should be provided.
2) Methods of satisfying the issues identified should be included.
3) This subject should continue to be monitored until such time that the question of message concatenation is finally resolved.
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 39 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Issues Arising: uM72: “Resume Own Navigation"Issues Arising: uM72: “Resume Own Navigation"
Problem: 1) Flight crews view this message as ‘incomplete’ as
there is no supplementary “..to [position]” element on which to base the instruction.
Short Term Fix: 1) Use uM74: “Proceed Direct to [position]” in place of
uM72.
2) uM72 removed from Maastricht operational message set.
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 40 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Issues Arising: uM157 – “Check Stuck Mic [freq]”Issues Arising: uM157 – “Check Stuck Mic [freq]”
Problem:
uM157 is sent to ALL aircraft in CPDLC contact with the Centre concerned – Instruction can be misinterpreted by crews and controllers operating on other frequencies.
Eg: Some pilots have interpreted this as an instruction to contact the controller on the stated frequency.
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 41 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Short term Fix: 1) Flight crew and controller training and awareness.
2) uM157 to be broadcast ONLY to those aircraft under the control of the triggering sector.
Longer Term: 1) Review message phraseology.
2) Review ground system fix to filter the broadcast uplink based on the frequency used.
Issues Arising: uM157 – “Check Stuck Mic [freq]”Issues Arising: uM157 – “Check Stuck Mic [freq]”
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PETAL-II Ops Results Slide 42 ATN 2001 - 18th Sep 2001
Any Questions?
Martin McHUGH
Danny DAEMS MAASTRICHT UAC
Andy FRY AMERICAN AIRLINES
Frank CHESHIRE AMERICAN AIRLINES