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The Petronas Towers: MalaysiaThe Petronas Towers: Malaysia

Mike Kleist

Dan Witter

Michael Mohr

Michele Hartmann

Ross Umentum

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Petronas Towers, MalaysiaPetronas Towers, Malaysia

Stats:

2nd and 3rd tallest, 1483, 88 stories

Ownership: (essentially state owned)

KLCCHPetronasPrime Minister

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Inside the Petronas TowersInside the Petronas Towers

Symphony Hall 8 million square feet of shopping

Petroleum Museum

4500 stall parking garage

Multimedia Conference CenterMosque

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Malaysias Silicon ValleyMalaysias Silicon Valley

High Tech TenantsAvaya

Computer Associates

Alcatel

EDS

IBM

Microsoft

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Cesar Pelli & AssociatesCesar Pelli & Associates

Established in 1977 with offices in New YorkEstablished in 1977 with offices in New York

City and New Haven, CtCity and New Haven, Ct

Practice of 3 architects: Cesar Pelli, Fred Clarke &

Rafael Pelli

Cesar Pellis Awards

American Institute of Architects Gold Medal

Named one of the top 10 influential living

American architects

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Architectural StyleArchitectural Style

Postmodern style characteristicsPostmodern style characteristics

Unusual Building ShapeUnusual Building Shape

Tapered building outlineTapered building outline

Unique floor plan designUnique floor plan design

SkybridgeSkybridge

Conservative imitation of classicalC

onservative imitation of classicalarchitecturearchitecture

Tapered shape imitates the pyramidsTapered shape imitates the pyramids

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Aesthetics/ArchitecturalAesthetics/Architectural

MaterialsMaterials

Floor plan forms an 8Floor plan forms an 8--pointed starpointed star

Glass curtain and stainless steel

cladding

Stainless steel spires

Skybridge joins the two towers

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Fire SafetyFire Safety

Skybridge serves as an alternate escape routeSkybridge serves as an alternate escape route

Pressurized central core protects the stairs andPressurized central core protects the stairs and

elevatorselevators

SpraySpray--applied fireproofing protects steelapplied fireproofing protects steelstructural membersstructural members

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Structural EngineersStructural Engineers

ThorntonThornton TomasettiTomasetti

Engineers from theEngineers from the

United StatesUnited States

Ranhill BerskutuRanhill Berskutu

Engineering fromEngineering from

MalaysiaMalaysia

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Main Construction Material: ConcreteMain Construction Material: Concrete

Concrete was idealConcrete was ideal

choice for Petronaschoice for Petronas

TowersTowers

Concrete mixtureConcrete mixture

tested and revisedtested and revised

multiple timesmultiple times

Petronas is twice asPetronas is twice asheavy as if a steelheavy as if a steel

design had been useddesign had been used

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Structure of Petronas TowersStructure of Petronas Towers

Inner coreInner core

Outer coreOuter core

Connection of the twoConnection of the twocores at the 38cores at the 38thth floorfloor

Structural steel floorStructural steel floor

planplan

Sky bridgeSky bridge

FoundationFoundation

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MEP SystemsMEP Systems

MEP Engineering FirmMEP Engineering Firm

Flack + KurtzFlack + Kurtz

Important MEP ConsiderationsImportant MEP Considerations

HVAC facilitiesHVAC facilities

Vertical TransportationVertical Transportation

Electrical, Communication & Fire ControlElectrical, Communication & Fire Control

SystemsSystems

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Mechanical SystemsMechanical Systems

HVAC FacilitiesHVAC Facilities

Gas District Cooling systemGas District Cooling system

Vertical TransportationVertical Transportation--ElevatorsElevators

HighHigh--Speed, DoubleSpeed, Double--Deck LiftsDeck Lifts

Executive liftsExecutive lifts--service everyservice every

floorfloor

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Intelligent SystemsIntelligent Systems

Lighting and AirConditioningLighting and AirConditioning

Control is given on a floor by floor basisControl is given on a floor by floor basis

Fire Control SystemFire Control System

Ability to override the building control system, ifAbility to override the building control system, if

needed, for lifeneeded, for life--saving facilities (e.g. sprinklers, airsaving facilities (e.g. sprinklers, air

to stairwellsto stairwells

High Tech CommunicationHigh Tech Communication

Fiber optic backboneFiber optic backbone

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Construction of theConstruction of the

Petronas Towers (1993Petronas Towers (1993--1998)1998) Below ground level structure:Below ground level structure:

Slurry wall method usedSlurry wall method used

World record set for most concrete poured at one timeWorld record set for most concrete poured at one time

ProblemsProblems

High silt content of soilHigh silt content of soil machine cloggingmachine clogging Caverns in porous limestone bedrockCaverns in porous limestone bedrock excess settlement of pilesexcess settlement of piles

after set in placeafter set in place

Above ground level structure:Above ground level structure: PERI Automatic Climbing SystemPERI Automatic Climbing System

Hydraulically operated selfHydraulically operated self--climbing formworkclimbing formwork Advantageous for tall buildingsAdvantageous for tall buildings faster and safer than crane liftedfaster and safer than crane lifted

formworkformwork

Also used on Trump World Tower (New York) and Park TowerAlso used on Trump World Tower (New York) and Park Tower(Chicago)(Chicago)

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Construction of theConstruction of the

Petronas Towers (1993Petronas Towers (1993--1998)1998) Placement of concretePlacement of concrete

Tower 1Tower 1 -- High speed hamper hoist lift to pumping stationsHigh speed hamper hoist lift to pumping stations

Tower 2Tower 2 -- Pumps lifted to entire elevationPumps lifted to entire elevation -- set world record forset world record for

highest continuous concrete pumphighest continuous concrete pump

Sky bridgeSky bridge Mostly constructed on groundMostly constructed on ground

Lifted into position using 16 hydraulic jacksLifted into position using 16 hydraulic jacks

Lightning was problematicLightning was problematic lost power three timeslost power three times

2 separate contracts2 separate contracts Natural competitionNatural competition

Completed on timeCompleted on timehttp://www.architectureweek.com

http://www.architectureweek.com