Pesticide Residues in Estonian Fruits and Berries Toivo Univer, Krista Tiirmaa, Neeme Univer...

Pesticide Residues in Estonian Fruits and Berries

Toivo Univer, Krista Tiirmaa, Neeme UniverEstonian University of Life Science of Agricultural and

Environmental Sciences, Polli Horticultural Research Centre

Merike ToomeAgricultural Research Centre

11th NPRWJune 01 – 02, 2015, Tallinn, Estonia

It was 4 years project of the Estonian Agricultural Ministry

Purpose of project

•Improve the quality of the food produced and consumed in Estonia

•In order to examine the use of pesticides in the production and distribution of contaminants in the environment, to determine their residues in

fresh fruit and berries

11th NPRW June 01 – 02, 2015, Tallinn, Estonia

Leader of the project wasPolli Horticultural Research Centre

Pesticide residue analysis were carried out in Agricultural Research Centre

Laboratory for Residues and Contaminants


The test matrices were different apple and strawberry varieties that were grown in Estonia


Pesticide residues in apples (1)

During the years 2010 to 2013 were collected and analyzed

» 26 apple samples» 8 soil samples» 4 plant material samples (grasses)



The apple samples were collected in Southern Estonia and Saaremaa apple plantations

The following pesticides(formulations) used in apple plantations:

• Decis 25 EC

• Fastac 50

• Score 250 EC

• Chorus 75 WG

• Topas 100 EC

• Roundup

• Agil 100 EC


Pesticide residues in apples (3)Pesticide residues are found in 4 different apple samples

•A long period of time between the spraying and picking of apples/analysis (3 months), explaind the low levels of pesticide residues in apples.

•The apple samples were taken for organic gardens do not contain pesticide residues.


Pesticide residue Residue level, mg/kg MRL, mg/kg

Cyprodinil 0,011 1,0

alpha-cypermethrin 0,030 1,0

Glyphosate 0,078 0,1

Pesticide residues in apples (4)But there is another problem

Rainfall wiped pesticides tree leaves and fruits on the base of crown grasses and soils

• The herbicides sprayed on apple tree crown bases.

• In this case was used glyphosate

• The fallen apples in contact with contaminated grass and soil, and this is also due to the higher concentration of glyphosate ( 0,078 mg/kg)

• .

Pesticide residue Residue level in apples, mg/kg

Residue level in grasses, mg/kg

α-Cypermethrin 0,030 0,838

Cyprodinil 0,011 0,063

Difenoconazole Not detected 0,026

Glyphosate 0,078 0,698



• Pesticide residue spectrum, which was found in the soil, is much broader.

• In the soil was also found at several cereals used fungicide residues

• Even in very small quantities were found residues of DDT, use of which is prohibited in some 50 years.

Pesticide residue Residue level in soil, mg/kg

DDT 0,225

Fenpropimorph <0,010

Glyphosate 1,8

Propaquizafop <0,005

Spiroxamine 0,005

Thiabendazole <0,05


Pesticide residues in strawberries (1)

During the years 2011 to 2014 were collected and analyzed

•50 strawberry samples from Southern Estonia and Harjumaa strawberry plantations

•100 strawberry samples from experimental fields of Polli Horticultural Research Centre


Pesticide residues in strawberries (2)Pesticide residues in strawberry samples from strawberry

plantations (1)

11th NPRW

June 01 – 02, 2015, Tallinn, Estonia

Pesticide residues in strawberries (3)Pesticide residues in strawberry samples from

strawberry plantations (2)


Year

Pesticide residue Residue levelin berries, mg/kg

MRL, mg/kg

2011 Boscalid, Pyroclostrobin

2012 Picking strawberries in the first – boscalidPicking strawberries in the second - boscalid

0,021 ÷ 0,069 <0,010 ÷ 0,025

2013 Boscalid 0,042 ÷ 0,218

2014 BoscalidPyroclostrobin

0,067 ÷ 1,346 <0,010 ÷ 0,167

10,0 1,0


•As we know the grey mould is the most dangerous disease of strawberry growing

•The strawberry growers use to control the disease the following formulations

• Signum (boscalid, pyroclostrobin)

• Switch 62,5 WG (cyprodinil, fludioxonil)

•The strawberry plantation is recommended to spray twice with formulation solutions

•Waiting time three days

•What to do to reduce this disease?



The experiments with strawberries in the fields of Polli Horticultural Research Centre

For the experiments used

• Three different varieties of strawberries• Polka

• Sonata

• Rumba

• The formulation „Signum“



The experiments with strawberries in the fields (1)

Experiments and results in 2012

–The test patch sprayed three times with formulation solution (1,15/ha in 400 l water) before the picking of the strawberries

–The experiment did not reduce crop caused by the grey mould (5,3 ÷ 6,5% on avarage)

–The level of boscalid residues were 0,011 ÷ 0,174 mg/kg

–(MRL – 10,0 mg/kg)


Pesticide residues in strawberries (6)The experiments with strawberries in the fields (2)

Experiments and results in 2013 (1)

•Formed experimental fields for different levels of spraying solutions

•Strawberries sprayed three times during picking

•Used two different concentrations of Signum spraying solutions – 1,8 kg/ha and 5,4 kg/ha


Pesticide residues in strawberries (7)The experiments with strawberries in the fields (3)

Experiments and results in 2013 (2)

•Signum spraying solution – 1,8 kg/ha sprayd three times during strawberries picking

•For residue levels analysis collected 15 samples

•Boscalid residues increased levels (MRL 10,0 mg/kg)•4,731 mg/kg in „POLKA“

•1,989 mg/kg in „SONATA“

•1,248 mg/kg in „RUMBA“

•Pyroclostrobin residue levels exceeded MRL (1,0 mg/kg)•In two samples of „POLKA“ (1,54 mg/kg and 1,383 mg/kg)

•In one sample of „RUMBA“ (1,248 mg/kg)


Pesticide residues in strawberries (7)The experiments with strawberries in the field (4)

–Experiments and results in 2013 (3)

• Signum spraying solution – 5,4 kg/ha sprayd three times during strawberries picking

• For residue levels analysis collected 46 samples


Varieties of strawberries

Boscalid Pyroclostrobin

Total number of samples

Number of samples exceeded MRL

Total number of samples

Number of samples exceeded MRL

POLKA 14 1 14 4

SONATA 15 1 15 3

RUMBA 17 1 17 3

46 3 (6%) 46 10 (22%)

Pesticide residues in strawberries (8)The experiments with strawberries in the field (5)

Experiments and results in 2014•The experiment continued. The aim was to determine the spray and rain/irrigation water between the effects of residues

•One part of the experimental fields was coated with a film

•Used two different concentrations of Signum spraying solutions –

1,8 kg/ha and 5,4 kg/ha

•Strawberries sprayed three times during picking


Sprayingsolution, kg/ha

Coated with a film Without a film Decrease

Residue level, mg/kg Residue level, mg/kg Residue level, %

SONATA boscalid pyroclostrobin

boscalid pyroclostrobin

boscalid pyroclostrobin

1,8 4,71 1,11 2,77 0,61 41 45

5,4 5,04 1,19 4,34 0,81 14 32

CONCLUSION• A long period of time between the spraying and picking of apples/analysis

(3 months), explaind the low levels of pesticide residues in apples.

• Frequent rain wiped off the pesticide spraying solutions

• The residue levels of boscalid and pyroclostrobin in strawberries is dependent on the concentration of Signum spraying solution and as well as biological properties of the plant

• The ability of plants to grow large berries is a factor of the residue accumulations in the berries

• Overdosing of the spraying solution causes abnormally high levels of pesticide residues in strawberries

• The decomposition of boscalid and pyroclostrobin on the berries is a smaller proportion

• Rain and irrigation water reduces boscalid and pyroclostrobin residues in strawberries


Thank you for your attention!


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