KEYWORDS AND DEFINITIONS

KEYWORD DEFINITIONCardiac muscle that makes up the heartThe ability of the heart to produce its own impulsesEmits a cardiac impulse approximately 72 times per minutePart of the brain that controls the heart and respiratory rateTransmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the heart, lungs and smooth muscle without our conscious controlReceptors in the body that detect changes in blood acidity, particularly CO2 and lactic acidReceptors in the body that detect increases in blood flow and blood pressure in the blood vesselsAn increase in venous return leads to a stronger ventricular contraction and therefore an increase in stroke volume% of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contractionReduction of resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute usually due to endurance trainingVolume of blood ejected from the heart per minute

Volume of blood ejected from the heart per beat

The number of cardiac cycles per minutePre exercise response of the heart to the release of adrenaline, results in an elevated heart rateOxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the whole body and back to the right atriumDeoxygenated blood form the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atriumReduction in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls. Increases Blood Pressure and helps to speed the flow of bloodIncrease in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls. Decreases Blood PressureRedistribution of blood around the body so the working muscles receive more

In the veins to prevent backflow of bloodVolume of blood that returns to the right side of the heart

A venous return mechanism where muscles contract during exercise squeezing and pumping blood back towards the heartRing of muscle at the entrance to the capillaries to control the blood flowForce of blood against the walls of the arteries during ventricular contractionForce of blood against the walls of the arteries during ventricular relaxationIncreases the Heart Rate

Decrease Heart Rate

Atria fill with blood

Ventricles fill with blood

Atria contract forcing blood into ventricles

Ventricles contract forcing blood into the aorta/pulmonary arteryEnlargement of the heart muscle in response to training

Match the words below to the definitions above:

Anticipatory Rise Atria Diastole Atrial Systole Automatic Nervous System Baroreceptors Bradycardia Cardiac Hypertrophy Cardiac Output Chemoreceptors Diastolic Blood Pressure Ejection Fraction Frank Starling’s Mechanism Heart Rate Medulla Oblongata Myocardium Myogenic Parasympathetic Nervous System Pocket valves Pre Capillary Sphincter Pulmonary Circulation SA Node Skeletal Muscle Pump Stroke Volume Sympathetic Nervous System Systemic Circulaton Systolic Blood Pressure Vascular ShuntVasoconstrict Vasodilate Venous Return Ventricular Diastole Ventricular Systole

KEYWORDS AND DEFINITIONS

KEYWORD DEFINITIONMyocardium Cardiac muscle that makes up the heartMyogenic The ability of the heart to produce its own impulsesSA Node Emits a cardiac impulse approximately 72 times per

minuteMedulla Oblongata

Part of the brain that controls the heart and respiratory rate

Automatic Nervous System

Transmits nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the heart, lungs and smooth muscle without our conscious control

Chemoreceptors

Receptors in the body that detect changes in blood acidity, particularly CO2 and lactic acid

Baroreceptors Receptors in the body that detect increases in blood flow and blood pressure in the blood vessels

Frank Starling’s Mechanism

An increase in venous return leads to a stronger ventricular contraction and therefore an increase in stroke volume

Ejection Fraction

% of blood pumped out of the left ventricle per contraction

Bradycardia Reduction of resting heart rate to below 60 beats per minute usually due to endurance training

Cardiac Output Volume of blood ejected from the heart per minuteStroke Volume Volume of blood ejected from the heart per beatHeart Rate The number of cardiac cycles per minuteAnticipatory Rise

Pre exercise response of the heart to the release of adrenaline, results in an elevated heart rate

Systemic Circulaton

Oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the whole body and back to the right atrium

Pulmonary Circulation

Deoxygenated blood form the right ventricle to the lungs and back to the left atrium

Vasoconstrict Reduction in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls. Increases Blood Pressure and helps to speed the flow of blood

Vasodilate Increase in the diameter of artery/arteriole walls. Decreases Blood Pressure

Vascular Shunt Redistribution of blood around the body so the working muscles receive more

Pocket valves In the veins to prevent backflow of bloodVenous Return Volume of blood that returns to the right side of the heartSkeletal Muscle Pump

A venous return mechanism where muscles contract during exercise squeezing and pumping blood back towards the heart

Pre Capillary Sphincter

Ring of muscle at the entrance to the capillaries to control the blood flow

Systolic Blood Pressure

Force of blood against the walls of the arteries during ventricular contraction

Diastolic Blood Pressure

Force of blood against the walls of the arteries during ventricular relaxation

Sympathetic Nervous System

Increases the Heart Rate

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Decrease Heart Rate

Atria Diastole Atria fill with bloodVentricular Diastole

Ventricles fill with blood

Atrial Systole Atria contract forcing blood into ventriclesVentricular Systole

Ventricles contract forcing blood into the aorta/pulmonary artery

Cardiac Hypertrophy

Enlargement of the heart muscle in response to training