Explain the effects of;› Age› Gender› Disability

On participation and performance in physical activity Describe the effects of

› Smoking› Alcohol› Diet› Performance enhancing drugs

On participation and performance in physical activity

There are many reasons why people do or don’t do sport, the most relevant;

TimeResourcesFitness/AbilityHealth problemsAccess

Work and other commitments take up lots of time ‘I haven’t got the time’ BUT... How many people get home from work and then spend

time watching TV People choose to spend leisure time, passively and not

activiely

This depends on where you live Facilities and sports clubs are not found everywhere This will obviously effect whether you can do a certain

sport One way of overcoming this would be, for the

government or sports facilities to provide transport to and from these facilities.

Lots of people don’t think theya re good enough to join a club

Why? Previous experiences to do with sport E.G. A PE lesson, they failed a task, got humiliated and

therefore feel hopeless in that activity How do you change this? The person experiences success in the activity, so

they regain their confidence

Some people have genuine health reasons for not taking part BUT Doctors will always suggest having an active lifestyle to

prevent lots of problems Most rehabilitation programmes include exercise, so why not

sport Obesity is increasing rapidly in the western world, due to diet

and lack of exercise. But being overweight may be the reason they don't do exercise (embarrising)

Encouragement and the right condidtions are vital for these people.

E.G. Weight watchers Lack of self-esteem is a huge problem to why people don’t

exercise, this must be addressed, by giving the person success and positive experiences with sport and exercsie

There has been a growth in sports facilities and there are low-cost courses.

BUT Some people still cannot afford these costs... Most important Q’s asked by people; What is available?, What is affordable?, Will I fit in? Issues related to ACCESS Opening times – convenient to the person Age – ‘young persons sport’ so elderly don’t take part Race – racial discrimination may be experienced, e.g.

A black person joining a predominantly white golf club Disability – Lack of facilities (wheelchair access)

AGE: Life expectancy is going up, therefore people are living longer.

There are more veteran teams in various sports, and a growing awareness that activity in older age is beneficial.

DISABILITY: Those with disabilities have much better access to sport.

Disability sport is know in its own right now with many internationally recognised athletes in the UK

The media has played a major part in changing the anture of exercise in the UK

High technology brings sports from around the world to the UK.

Sports, exercise and healthy living are often headline news, with documentaries, films and promotional products associated with ACTIVE, HEALTHY LIFESTYLES

Media has been beneficial in promoting sport and exercise

These are choices that people make, that affect their health:

Smoking Drugs Other lifestyle factors

Few people that are serious about a healthy lifestyle smoke.

All evidence points to smoking being detrimental to your health, whatever your age

Cigarettes contain, tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide and other irritants

Normally haemoglobin carries O2 in the body, but prefers carbon monoxide, and once it carries this it cannot carry O2 again.

This can take away up to 10% of your O2 carry capacity

Smoking is also the biggest cause of preventable death in the western world.

120,000 people die in the UK every year, most dying of, cancer, chronic obstructive lung disease (bronchitis/emphysema) and coronary heart disease

Around 29% of men and 25% of women smoke in the UK

1 in every 2 smokers will probably be killed because of the habit

The use of drugs is wide spread and seriously affects health and well-being

Two types: Recreational (e.g. Cannabis) Performance enhancing (e.g. Anabolic steroids)

Drugs (the chemicals) alter the way we feel and see things

Most drugs are also addictive, so hard to stop Addiction includes; anxiety, depression, low self

esteem

Doping is a serious concern in sport and UK Sport is designated by the government to try and prevent this.

There are three methods that athletes will use to boost the red blood cells in the circulation to improve performance (BLOOD DOPING)

Using ergthroprotein (EPO) Using synthetic oxygen carriers Blood transfusions Anti doping involves tests to see if this has occured

Athlete’s at the top level must be very careful to make sure that any medication taken doesn’t have banned substance s in them

Especially when they go abroad

There are some other lifestyle factors that will affect a persons performance,

Which include sleep and the job that you have SLEEP; this will obvious affect how well you play sport,

on average we sleep 7.75hrs a day (between 5 and 11hrs)

Your JOB; the type of job will affect your performance, people that sit at a desk all day (sedentary type of job) will have different fitness levels to someone that ahs an active job.

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