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Transcript of PEShare.co.uk Shared Resource
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ND Sports and Exercise Science
Unit 12 – Nutrition Outcome 1b – The digestive
system
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Outcomes
• To understand the basic functions of the digestive system
• To be able to name the organs involved in the digestive system
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What is Digestion?
• A process by which nutrients and minerals are digested and passed through the body
• Divided in to two groups of organs• The digestive tract – from the mouth
to the anus• The accessory Organs – necessary for
the system to work but not on the tract
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The digestive system – basics
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Organs involved
• Buccal cavity – mouth • Oesophagus • Stomach• Duodenum• Small intestine• Pancreas• Liver• Gall bladder• Large intestine• Rectum • Anal canal
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Task
• In pairs jot the functions of each organ in the digestive system on post it notes
• One post it note to each organ
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Mouth and Oesophagus
• Digestion starts in the mouth (buccal cavity). Teeth and jaws grind food to mix it with saliva, which contains the enzyme amylase that begins the breakdown of starch.
• The food is swallowed, enters the oesophagus, which connects the mouth to the stomach, it is squeezed along the oesophagus by a process called peristalsis.
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Peristalsis
• Muscular movement of food through the digestive tract
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Stomach
• It takes around 3-6 seconds for food to travel from your mouth to your stomach
• Lining your stomach are cells that produce and release gastric juices containing enzymes and hydrochloric acid, which helps to break down the food and kill any bacteria in it.
• Food normally retains in your stomach for 1-4 hour but fluid will pass through more rapidly
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Stomach• Serves as a storage
pouch, digestive organ and churn
• Stomach can stretch to hold 12 pints of liquid and food
• Cells produce gastric juices and acids that breaks food
• The mixed food and gastric juice leaves the stomach as chyme
• On to the small intestine
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Duodenum and small intestine
• Stomach the chyme passes to your duodenum and then to your small intestine, a tube of about six metres length
• The duodenum is the start of the small intestine, and curves around the pancreas
• As the chyme enters your small intestine it is mixed with more digestive juices, from the pancreas.
• Pancreatic juices contains bile made by the liver as well as enzymes to further assist the breakdown of macronutrients.
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Small Intestine• Longer in length
than the large intestine but is smaller in diameter than the large
• Lined with thousands of villi that absorb the digested food, water and minerals
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Liver
• Manufactures bile• Stores glycogen• Modifies fats• Storage of vitamins
and iron• Detoxification of
harmful substances – alcohol and drugs!
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Bile
• Main function of the liver is to produce bile
• Bile processes fats• Bile travels from the liver to the
gallbladder and then in to the duodenum
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Pancreas• Produces enzymes that digests fat,
protein and carbohydrates• Produces insulin and glucagon that
regulate sugar metabolism• Released in to the blood
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Gall Bladder
• Liver produces bile though out the day
• Body only needs it a few times a day
• Gall bladder stores it and provides when needed bile through the duodenum
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Gall Bladder
• Stores and concentrates bile until it is required for digestion
• It is then released in to the digestive tract to emulsify fats and neutralise the acids in partly digested foods
• Peristalsis continues to move the chyme through your digestive system to your large intestine
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Large intestine
• No food is digested here – some water is re-absorbed
• The undigested food is stored as faeces• Bacteria in your large intestine produces
vitamin k • The residue left behind is passed to the
rectum and anal canal and is excreted as faeces
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Large Intestine
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Function of the digestive system
• So, what are the main functions of the digestive system?
• Digestion• Absorption• Excretion
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Digestion
• The first stage• Multi stage process• Mechanical and chemical elements• Enzymes in the gut breaking down
raw matter in to smaller compounds for your bodies to absorb
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Absorption
• Movement of digested food from your stomach and small intestine into your body tissues and blood
• Happens in the villi that line the large intestine
• Each villus has a large network of capaliries to support this absorption
• Amino acids (from proteins) and glucose (from carbs) = blood stream directly
• Fatty acids and glycerol (both from fats) = lymphatic system
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Excretion
• Removal of potentially poisonous end produce through urine and faeces
• Kidneys = urine is eliminated and passed to your bladder
• http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/ABPI/kidneys/kid2.html
• Large intestine = passes solid matter
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Task
• Using the cards and diagrams order the organs involved in the digestion process
• Label the blank diagram• Produce a table outlining the function
of each organ
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References and resources
• http://www.sparknotes.com/health/digestion/quiz.html
• Memmler’s human body in health and disease, B. Cohen Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins 2005