pertemuan 3
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Transcript of pertemuan 3
STIEPAR YAPARI AKTRIPA BANDUNG
Leisure, Recreation and Tourism Concept
Leisure is a measure of time and is usually used to mean theTime left over after work, sleep, and personal and household chores have been completed
Recreation is normally taken to mean the variety of activities undertaken during leisure time. Basically, recreation refreshes a person’s strength and spirit and can include activities as diverse as watching television, or holidaying abroad.
Tourism is temporary movement of people to destinations outsideTheir normal place of work and residence, the activities undertakenDuring their stay in these destination and the facilities created To cater for their need (Mathieson and Wall, 1982)
LeisureThe time available to an individual when work, sleep,and other basic needs have been met
Pursuit engaged upon during leisure time
Home-based recreationReading,
gardening, watching TV,
Socialization etc
Daily LeisureVisiting theatre or restaurant,
sport (as participant or
spectator) socializing etc
Day tripVisiting
attraction, picnicking etc
TourismTemporary movement of people to destinations outsidetheir normal place of work and residence, the activities undertaken during their stay in these destination and the facilities created to cater for their need
The recreation activity continuum
Geographical Range
Home Local Regional NationalInternati
onal
Work time
Business travel
Fig 1.1 The Classification of Tourists
CustomImigrationQuarantine
CustomImigrationQuarantine
wisman
Terminal
Transportasi
Transfer
Hotel Restoran
Hiburan
SouvenirMICE
Objek Wisata
OBJEK & DAYA TARIK WISATA
IndustriTransportasi
• Bandara• Energi
Jalan/Rell
Hasil PertanianHasil PeternakanHasil Perikanan
Hasil PertanianHasil PeternakanHasil PerikananJasa Industri
Industri Pendukung
Usaha Inti RakyatIndustri Pendukung
Wisatawan
Fig 3.1 Concept map for understanding tourist behaviour (source: Tourist Behaviour, P.Pearce, 2005 © Channel View Publishers). Reproduced with permission.
Motivasi Berwisata (Swarbrook and Horner, 2000)
Tourist
Physical- Relaxation- Sun tan- Exercise and
health- Sex
Emotional- Nostalgia- Romance- Adventure- Escapism- Fantasy- Spiritual
fullfilment
Personal- Visiting friends
and relatives- Make new
friends- Need to satisfy others
Personal Development
- increased knowledge- Learning new
skill
Cultural- sight seeing- Experience new culture
Status- Exclusivity- Fashionability- Obtaining a
good deal- Ostentatious
spending opportunities
Cohens’s classification of TouristThe organized mass tourist
Low on adventurousness he/she anxious to maintain his/her ‘environmental bubble’ on the trip. Typically purchasing a ready-made package tour off-the-shelf, he/she is guided through the destination having little contact with local culture or peopleThe individual mass touristSimilar to the above but more flexibility and scope for personal choice is built-in. However, the tour is still organized by the tourism industry and the environmental bubble shields him/her from the real experience of the destination.
The explorerThe trip is organized independently and is looking to get off the beaten track. However, comfortable accommodation and reliable transport are sought and whilst the environmental bubble as abandoned on occasion, it is there to step into things get tough
The drifterAll connections with the tourism industry are spurned and the trip attempt to get as far from home and familiarity as possible. With no fixed itinerary, the drifter lives with the local people, paying his way and immersing himself in their culture
Institutionalized TourismDealt with routinely by the tourism industry – tour operator, travel agent, hoteliers and transport operator.
Non - institutionalized TourismIndividual travel, shunning contact with the tourism industry except where absolutely necessary.
Familiarity
Novelty
Basic Tourism SystemD
eman
dS
uppl
y
Motivations
Perceptions
Expectations
Experience
Capital
Resources
Past experiences – preferences - Hearsay
Tourist Image
Physical Cultural Social Fantasy
Intermediaries
Facilities – Accessibility - Infrastructure
Tourist Product
Attraction Hospitality
Market Place
Source : Murphy
Basic Tourism System (cont’d)Market
A Consumer behavior approach to market demand emphasizing both the external and Internal influences on travel including the alternatives to travel, the market inputs of tourism suppliers, and the process by which a buying decision is reached
Destination
An identification of the procedure that the destination area should follow to research, plan,regulate, develop, and service tourism activity
MarketingAn examination of the processby which the destination areaand individual suppliers market their products and service to potential customerswith an emphasis on the effective use of distributionchannels
Travel
A description and analysis ofmajor travel segments, travelflows, and modes of transportation used
The tr
avel
purc
hase
The shape of
Travel demandThe se
lling of tr
avel
Reaching the
market place
The Tourism Destination
Destinations are places with some form of actual or perceived boundary Physical boundaries Political boundaries Market-created boundaries
Macrodestinations – the contains thousands of microdestinations, including regions, states, cities, towns, and even visitor destinations within a town
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Management of Tourist Destination
Destinations that fail to maintain the necessary infrastructure or build inappropriate infrastructure run significant risks
Violence, political instability, natural catastrophe, adverse environmental factors, and overcrowding can all diminish the attractiveness of a destination
What was the effect of 9/11 on US Tourism?©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th edition
Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Fig 1.4 A framework for tourism management
Steps in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Inventory the social, political, physical, and economic environment
Project trends Set goals and objectives Examine alternatives to reach goals
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Steps in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)
Select preferred alternatives
Develop implementation strategy
Implement
Evaluate
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Determinates of Demand
Prestige
Escape
Sexual Opportunity
Family Bonding
Relaxation
Social Interaction
Education
Self-discovery
Demand
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Benefits of Tourism
Direct employment Support industries and
professions Multiplier effect Source of state and local taxes Stimulates exports of place-made
products
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Classification of Visitor Segments
Group or Independent traveler Degree of institutionalization and impact
on the destination Plog’s categorization
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Group vs. Independent
Most commonly used Group Inclusive Tour (GIT) Independent Traveler (IT)
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Degree of Institutionalization and Impact on Destination
Organized mass tourists Individual mass tourists Explorers Drifters Visiting friends/relatives Business travelers Pleasure travel
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Degree of Institutionalization and Impact on Destination
Business and pleasure travelers Tag-along visitors Grief travel Education and religious travel Pass-through tourists
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Plog’s Categorization Allocentrics are persons with a need
for new experiences, such as backpackers and explorers
Psychocentrics are persons who do not desire change when they travel. They like non-threatening places and to stay in familiar surroundings
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Fig 3.4 Plog’s psychographic traveller types
Communicating with the Tourist Market
Form an attractive image of destination
Develop packages of attractions and amenities Attractions alone do not attract
visitors
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens
Influencing Site Selection
All tourism businesses and agencies must work together to promote a destination and to ensure that visitors’ expectations are met Fam trips, sales calls, travel missions, etc
©2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, 4th editionUpper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Kotler, Bowen, and Makens