Persuasion

• Rhetoric is the study of effective speaking and writing and the art of persuasion.

P.A.T.T.R.Rhetorical Analysis

What is PATTR?

• PATTR is a strategy used to analyze and identify persuasion within writing. Students should memorize this acronym to help with understanding rhetorical devices used within any writing.

PATTR stands for

• P-Purpose• A-Audience• T-Theme• T-Tone• R-Rhetorical Devices

P-Purpose

• Aristotelian Appeals: Persuasion, according to Aristotle and the many authorities that would echo him, is brought about through three kinds of proof (pistis) or persuasive appeal:

• Pathos- Emotional appeal• Logos- Logical appeal• Ethos- Ethical appeal• Question: What appeals did the author use persuade the

audience?

P-Purpose

• Logos• Appeals to the head using logic, numbers, explanations,

and facts. Through Logos, a writer aims at a person's intellect. The idea is that if you are logical, you will understand.

• Example- Wilkins is unqualified, because she does not meet the age requirement.

P-Purpose

• Ethos• Appeals to the conscience, ethics, morals, standards,

values, principles. • Example- Wilkins is best, because she is the most honest

and caring.

P-Purpose

• Pathos• Appeals to the heart, emotions, sympathy, passions,

sentimentality. • Example- Wilkins is best, because she has overcome

hardship.

A-Audience

• Question- Who is the speaker addressing?

T-Theme

• Question 1- What is the message the speaker is presenting to the audience? Question 2- What does the speaker have to say about the message?

T-Tone

• Question- What are the details that contribute to the tone of the writing? (diction, word choice, syntax, etc.)

R-Rhetorical devices

• Question- What are the rhetorical devices that were used? (rhetorical questions, call to action, etc.)

R-Rhetorical devices

• Juxtaposition is a poetic and rhetorical device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to one another, creating an effect of surprise and wit: The apparition of these faces in the crowd:/Petals on a wet, black bought (“In a Station of the Metro” by Ezra Pound).

R-Rhetorical devices

• Parallel structure (parallelism) refers to a grammatical or structural similarity between sentences or parts of a sentence. It involves an arrangement of words, phrases, sentences, and paragraphs so that elements of equal importance are equally developed and similarly phrased: He was walking, running, and jumping for joy.

R-Rhetorical devices

• Repetition is a device in which words, sounds, and ideas are used more than once for the purpose of enhancing rhythm and creating emphasis: . . . government of the people, by the people for the people . . .

R-Rhetorical devices

• Anecdotes, Stories, Metaphors

These cast an issue in a favorable or unfavorable light, or can highlight or suppress certain aspects. They work by suggesting a likeness between a character and the listener, or a situation and the listener's. What is emphasized or suppressed is key.

R-Rhetorical devices

• A rhetorical question is a question which expects no answer. It is used to draw attention to a point and is generally stronger than a direct statement: If Mr. Ferchoff is always fair, as you have said, why did he refuse to listen to Mrs. Baldwin’s arguments?

PreAP ASSIGNMENT

DUE DATE: March 23rd

• Read the following speeches:

1.http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/jessicalynchopeningstatement.htm

2.http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/nelsonmandelainauguralspeech.htm

3.http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/philknightjoepaternomemorial.htm- Choose one to analyze. Use your PATTR analysis sheet.- Be able to discuss each of the speeches. TOPIC: Qualities of a Hero