Perspectives with P ANDA
-
Upload
jessamine-menachem -
Category
Documents
-
view
19 -
download
0
description
Transcript of Perspectives with P ANDA
Perspectives with Perspectives with PPANDAANDA
• The new accelerator complex of GSI The new accelerator complex of GSI • The antiproton’s activityThe antiproton’s activity• The The PPANDA scientific programANDA scientific program
Paola GianottiPaola Gianotti
LNFLNF
FAIR: the GSI future facilityFAIR: the GSI future facility
UNILAC SIS
FRS
ESR
SIS 100/300
HESRSuperFRS
NESR
CR+
RESR
p Target
FLAIR
PANDA
CBM
PP
AtomicPhysics
FAIRFAIRFacility for AntiprotonFacility for Antiprotonand Ion Researchand Ion Research
Primary Beams
•1012/s; 1.5 GeV/u; 238U28+
•Factor 100-1000 present in intensity•2(4)x1013/s 30 GeV protons•1010/s 238U73+ up to 25 (- 35) GeV/u
Secondary Beams
•Broad range of radioactive beams up to 1.5 - 2 GeV/u; up to factor 10 000 in intensity over present •Antiprotons 3 (0) - 30 GeV
Storage and Cooler Rings
•Radioactive beams•e – A collider
•1011 stored and cooled 0.8 - 14.5 GeV antiprotons
•Cooled beams•Rapidly cycling superconducting magnets
Key Technical Features
Summary of Research Areas at the GSI Future FacilitySummary of Research Areas at the GSI Future Facility
Structure and Dynamics of Nuclei - Radioactive BeamsNucleonic matterNuclear astrophysicsFundamental symmetries
Hadron Structure and Quark-Gluon Dynamics - AntiprotonsNon-pertubative QCDQuark-gluon degrees of freedomConfinement and chiral symmetryHypernuclear physics
Nuclear Matter and the Quark-Gluon Plasma - Relativistic HI - Beams Nuclear phase diagramCompressed nuclear/strange matterDeconfinement and chiral symmetry
Physics of Dense Plasmas and Bulk Matter - Bunch CompressionProperties of high density plasmasPhase transitions and equation of stateLaser - ion interaction with and in plasmas
SIS 18
Ion BeamHeating
Jupiter
Sun Surface
Magnetic Fusion
solid statedensity
Tem
pera
ture
[eV
]
Density [cm-3]
LaserHeating
PHELIX
Ideal plasmas
Strongly coupled
plasmas
Sun Core
InertialCofinement
Fusion
Ultra High EM-Fields and Applications - Ions & Petawatt LaserQED and critical fieldsIon - laser interactionIon - matter interaction
HESR - High Energy Storage RingHESR - High Energy Storage Ring
High luminosity mode High resolution mode
• p/p ~ 10 (electron cooling)• Lumin. = 1031 cm s
• Lumin. = 2 x 1032 cm s • p/p ~ 10 (stochastic cooling)
• Production rate 2x107/sec
• Pbeam = 1 - 15 GeV/c
• Nstored = 5x1010 p
• Internal Target
_
PPANDA Antiproton Physics ProgramANDA Antiproton Physics Program
Charmonium ( cc ) spectroscopy: precision measurements of mass, width, decay branches of all charmonium states, especially for extracting information on the quark confinement.
Search for gluonic excitations (charmed hybrids, glueballs) in the charmonium mass range (3 – 5 GeV/c2).
Search for modifications of meson properties in the nuclear medium,and their possible relationship to the partial restoration of chiral symmetry for light quarks.
Precision -ray spectroscopy of single and double hypernuclei for Extracting information on their structure and on the hyperon-nucleon and hyperon-hyperon interaction.
Inverted DVCS to extract parton distributions. Proton form-factors at large Q2 up to 25 GeV2/c4. D-meson decay spectroscopy BR and decay dalitz plots CP-Violation in the D/Λ sector.
3500 3520 MeV3510C
Ball
ev./
2 M
eV
100
ECM
CBallE835
1000
E 8
35
ev./
pb
c1
Charmonium PhysicsCharmonium Physics
e+e→’→ 1,2
→ e+e→ J
e+e interactions:
- Only 1 states are formed- Other states only by secondary decays (moderate mass resolution)
- All states directly formed (very good mass resolution)
Br(e+e →·Br( → c) = 2.5
→ J→ e+e
p p→ 1,2
_
pp reactions:_
Br( )pp → c = 1.2 _
E
xoti
c lig
ht
Exoti
c cc
1 -- 1-+
0 2000 4000MeV/c2
10-2
1
102
Exotic hadronsExotic hadrons
The QCD spectrum is much rich than that of the naive quark model also the gluons can act as hadron components
The “exotic hadrons” fall in 3 general categories:
(qq) gHybrids
Glueballs
(qq)(qq)Multiquarks
In the cc meson spectrum the density of states is lower and therefore the overlap
In the light meson region, about 10 states have been classified as “Exotics”. Almost all of them have been seen in pp...
Exotic hadronsExotic hadrons
Main non-qq candidates
f0(980) 4q state
f0(1500) 0++ glueball candidate
f0(1370) 0++ glueball candidate
f0(1710) 0++ glueball candidate
(1410); (1460) 0+ glueball candidate
f1(1420) hybrid, 4q state
1(1400) hybrid candidate 1
1(1600) hybrid candidate 1
(1800) hibrid candidate 0
2(1900) hybrid candidate 2
1(2000) hybrid candidate 1
a2’(2100) hybrid candidate 1++
Charmonium spectrum, glueballs, spin-exotics cc-glue hybrids with experimental results
Charmonium spectrum, glueballs, spin-exotics cc-glue hybrids with experimental results
Charmonium PhysicsCharmonium Physics
From G.S. Bali, Eur. Phys. J A 19 (2004) 1
X(3872) first seen by Bellethen confirmed by othersis hardly considered a cc state
Y(3943) enancement in J/Ψωmass spectrum both four quarks state and charm- hybrid hypotesis have been proposed
B-factories are abundant sources of data on charmonium
● Gluonic excitations of the
quark-antiquark-potential may lead to bound states
● LQCD:
mH ~ 4.2-4.5 GeV ; JPC 1-+
Charmed HybridsCharmed Hybrids
● Flux tube-Model predicts H
DD** (+c.c.) decays
If mH<4290 MeV/c2→
H < 50 MeV/c2
● Some exotics can decay neither to DD nor to DD*+c.c.
– Small number of final states with small phase space
r0=0.5fm
Mass
Decay
channels
studied
Total BR seen (%)
Decay
Channels
With error <30%
c 2979.6±1.2 21 60.3 3
’c 3654.0±6.0 4 ~ 0 0
J/ 3096.92±.01 135 44.2 83
’ 3686.09±.03 62 77.1 29
c0 3415.2±0.3 17 12.3 10
c1 3510.59±.10 13 33.6 6
c2 3556.26±.11 19 26.3 10
hc 2 ? 0
(3770) 3770.0±2.4 2 ~ 0 1
(3836) 3836±13 1 ~ 0 0
X(3872) 3872.0±0.6 3 ~ 0 0
(4040) 4040±10 6 ~ 0 1
(4160) 4159±20 1 ~ 0 0
(4415) 4415±6 2 ~ 0 0
Mesons in nuclear matterMesons in nuclear matter
One of the fundamental question of QCD is the generation of
MASSThe light meson masses are larger than the sum of the constituent quark masses!
Spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking seems to play a decisive role in the mass generation of light mesons.
How can we check this?
Hadrons in nuclear matterHadrons in nuclear matter
Since density increasein nuclear matter is possible a partial restoration of chiral symmetry
Light quarks are sensitive to quark condensate
Evidence for mass changes of pions and kaons has been observed
Deeply bound pionic atoms
Nucleus-Nucleus CollisionsProton-Proton Collisions
K-
K+
K-
K+
f*= 0.78f
Kaon-production environments
pionic atoms
KAOS/FOPI
HESR
π
K
D
vacuum nuclear mediumρ = ρ0
π+
π-
K-
K+
D+
D-
25 MeV
100 MeV
50 MeV
Mass modifications of mesons
With p beam up to 15GeV/c these studieswill be extended
Sub-threshold enhancement for D and Dmeson productionexpected signal:
strong enhancement of the D-meson cross section, relative D+ D- yields, in the near/sub-threshold region.
Mesons in nuclear matterMesons in nuclear matter
pp→ D+D-
10-2
10-1
1
10
102
103
(nb)
4 5 6 7
D+
D-
T (GeV)
in-medium
free masses
Mesons in nuclear matterMesons in nuclear matter
The lowering of the DD thresh.
– allow ’,c2 charmonium states
to decay into this channel
3
GeV/c2 Mass
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.8
4
(13D1)
(13S1)
c(11S0)
(33S1)
c1(13P1)c1(13P0)
DD3,743,64
3,54
vacuum10
20
thus resulting in a substantial increase of width of these states
c2(13P2)
(23S1)
– states above DD thresh. would have larger width
Idea
– Study relative changes of yield
and width of the charmonium state (3770).
BR into ll (10-5 in free space)
Predictions by Ye.S. Golubeva et al., Eur.Phys.J. A 17,(2003)275
Double-Lambda HypernucleiDouble-Lambda Hypernuclei
_
(Kaidalov & Volkovitsky)
quark-gluon string model
s
ud
s
dd
s
ds
s
ss
0
• Use pp Interaction to produce a hyperon “beam” (t~10-10 s) which is tagged by the antihyperon or its decay products
- capture:
- p + 28 MeV-
3 GeV/c
Kaons _
trigger
p_
2. Slowing down and capture
of insecondary
target nucleus
2. Slowing down and capture
of insecondary
target nucleus
1.Hyperon-
antihyperonproduction
at threshold
1.Hyperon-
antihyperonproduction
at threshold+28MeV
3. -spectroscopy
with Ge-detectors
3. -spectroscopy
with Ge-detectors
Production of Double HypernucleiProduction of Double Hypernuclei
-(dss) p(uud) (uds) (uds)
Other physics topicsOther physics topics
Cross section σ ≈ 2.5pb @ s ≈10 GeV2
L = 2·1032 cm-2 s-1→ 103 events per month
• Reversed Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering and Drell-Yan processes to study GPD
• CP-violation (D/Λ – sector)- D0D0 mixing
SM prediction < 10-8
- compare angular decay asymmetries for ΛΛ
SM prediction ~ 2·10-5
• Rare D-decays:D+→ μ+ ν (BR 10-4)D → μ+ μ- (BR 10-13)
W+
c
d
hep-ph/0112235
Other physics topicsOther physics topics
• Electromagnetic Form Factors of the Proton in the Time-Like Region from threshold up to 20 GeV2/c4
• Precise measurement of cross- sections of esclusive final states with different nuclear targets for neutrino experiments
QCD systems to be studied at QCD systems to be studied at PPANDAANDA
Detector requests:
• nearly 4 solid angle (partial wave analysis)• high rate capability (2·107 annihilations/s)• good PID (, e, , , K, p)• momentum resolution (~1%)• vertex info for D, K0
S, (c = 317 m for D±)• efficient trigger (e, , K, D, )• modular design (Hypernuclei experiments)
General Purpose DetectorDetector
PPANDA Detector (top view)ANDA Detector (top view)
target spectrometer forward spectrometer
micro vertexdetectorelectromagnetic
calorimeter
DIRC:Detecting InternallyReflectedCherenkov light
straw tubetracker
mini driftchambers
muon counter
Solenoidalmagnet
iron yoke
Length: ~2 m upstream, ~10 m downstream
SummarySummary
• A new Hadron-Facility is underway in Europe: FAIR @ GSI
• A wide experimetal physics program going from meson spectroscopy to hypernuclear physics etc. will be accessible with the new GSI antiproton beam
• New and interesting results will come in many fields thanks to the unprecedent characteristics of the beam and to the potentiality of the PANDA general porpose detector
• A new Hadron-Facility is underway in Europe: FAIR @ GSI
• A wide experimetal physics program going from meson spectroscopy to hypernuclear physics etc. will be accessible with the new GSI antiproton beam
• New and interesting results will come in many fields thanks to the unprecedent characteristics of the beam and to the potentiality of the PANDA general porpose detector