Perspectives from DOE Nuclear Physics

Dr. Timothy J. HallmanAssociate Director for Nuclear Physics

DOE Office of Science

Perspectives from DOE Nuclear Physics

JLab Users MeetingMay 29, 2013

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FY 2014 Nuclear Physics Budget Highlights

Construction continues on the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade to provide world-leading capability for research on the quark structure of nucleons and nuclei; beam development and commissioning activities are initiated.

Construction is supported for FRIB to provide world-leading capability and new discovery potential for U.S. leadership in nuclear structure and nuclear astrophysics.

RHIC operations capitalize on a 10-fold enhancement in luminosity to discover the properties of the new Perfect Quark-Gluon Liquid state of matter and other emergent phenomena in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

ATLAS provides new beams for research on the origin of the elements in the cosmos with the newly operational Californium Rare Isotope Breeder (CARIBU) upgrade.

Forefront research, development, and production of stable and radioactive isotopes is provided for science, medicine, industry, and national security.

Discovering, exploring, and understanding all forms of nuclear matter

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Office of Science FY 2014 Budget Request to Congress

1/ Annualized CR per FY 2014 President’s Budget (= FY 2012 + 0.612%)

Enacted Approp.

Current Approp.

Annualized CR1/

Estimated CR with

SequesterPresident's

Request

ScienceAdvanced Scientific Computing 440,868 428,304 443,566 465,593 +24,725 +5.6%

Basic Energy Sciences 1,688,093 1,644,767 1,698,424 1,862,411 +174,318 +10.3%

Biological and Environmental Research 609,557 592,433 613,287 625,347 +15,790 +2.6%

Fusion Energy Sciences 400,996 392,957 403,450 458,324 +57,328 +14.3%

High Energy Physics 790,860 770,533 795,701 776,521 -14,339 -1.8%

Nuclear Physics 547,387 534,642 550,737 519,904 569,938 +22,551 +4.1%Workforce Development for Teachers and Students 18,500 18,500 18,613 16,500 -2,000 -10.8%

Science Laboratory Infrastructure 111,800 111,800 112,485 97,818 -13,982 -12.5%

Safeguards and Security 80,573 80,573 81,066 87,000 +6,427 +8.0%

Program Direction 185,000 185,000 186,132 193,300 +8,300 +4.5%

SBIR/STTR (SC) — 114,125 — — — —

Subtotal Science 4,873,634 4,873,634 4,903,461 5,152,752 +279,118 +5.7%

SBIR/STTR (DOE) — 61,346 — — — —

Total Science Appropriation 4,873,634 4,934,980 4,903,461 5,152,752 +279,118 +5.7%

FY14 vs. FY12 Enacted

FY 2012 FY 2013 FY 2014

DNP Business/Town Meeting Apirl 15, 2013

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Nuclear PhysicsFY 2014 President’s Request by Subprogram

Budget Structure/ Subprogram ($ in 000s)

FY 2012Enacted Approp1/

FY 2013President’s

Request

FY 2013Estimated w/ Sequester2/


RequestFY 2014 vs. FY 2012

Medium Energy 128,267 135,260 — 149,862 +21,595

Heavy Ions 202,417 197,201 — 200,610 -1,807

Low Energy 106,289 98,018 — 132,613 +26,324

Nuclear Theory 41,332 37,179 — 41,822 +490

Isotope Program 19,082 18,708 — 19,531 +449

Construction 50,000 40,572 47,252 25,500 -24,500

TOTAL NP 547,387 526,938 519,904 569,938 +22,5511/ Includes $12,745k for SBIR/STTR for comparability with FY 2013 and FY 20142/ Details will be submitted in an operating plan to Congress at the end of April.

Significant Changes Medium Energy increase reflects critical transition of staff from the 12 GeV project

back to operations as construction ramps down and project funding decreases Low Energy increase reflects ramp up of FRIB construction (+$33M)


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Impacts of FY 2013 CR and Sequester

FY 2012Enacted Approp1/


Request

FY 2013Estimated

CR w/ Sequester2/

FY 2013 vs.

FY 2012

FY 2013 CR/Seq

vs. Request

12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade (TEC) 50,000 40,572 47,252 -2,748 +6,680

All Other NP 497,387 486,366 472,652 -24,735 -13,714

TOTAL NP 547,387 526,938 519,904 -27,483 -7,034

1/ Includes $12,745k for SBIR/STTR for comparability with FY 20132/ With all adjustments, estimated CR and sequester results in a cut of ~5% from FY 2012

NP operated conservatively under the first CR that ran through March 27.• Annual funding levels were planned at the FY 2013 President’s Request level, not the FY 2012 appropriation level.

• The net sequester cut from the FY 2013 operating level, therefore, is only $7M, not the $27M reduction relative to FY 2012.

• To the extent possible, NP has worked to create flexibility to try to mitigate impacts and support the most critical mission activities

Per the enacted full-year CR, DOE must submit an obligation and spending plan to Congress by the end of April.• This plan will provide the details of how the sequester will be distributed.

• There are also plans to submit a reprogramming request to move the excess funds provided to the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project to the rest of the NP program to partially mitigate impacts.

• Impacts could include furloughs, truncated facility operations, reductions in staff and postdocs, and delayed and deferred capital and accelerator equipment purchases and projects


NP Budgets vs. 2007 LRP

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-

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14

$000

s

FRIB

12 GeV Upgrade

MIEs/Other Projects

Research

Facility Operations

Other

2007 LRP (modified)


ATLAS Uniquely Provides SC Low Energy Research Opportunities Until 2021

In the out years, ATLAS continues as a unique premier

Stable Beam Facility for research on Nuclear Structure

& Nuclear Astrophysics

7DNP Business/Town Meeting Apirl 15, 2013

JLAB: A Multi-Thrust Laboratory for Nuclear Science

FundamentalForces & Symmetries

Hadrons from QGP

MedicalImaging

Quark Confinement

Structure of Hadrons

Accelerator S&T

Nuclear Structure

Theory and Computation


With the completion of the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade, researchers will address: The search for exotic new quark anti-quark

particles to advance our understanding of the strong force

Evidence of new physics from sensitive searches for violations of nature’s fundamental symmetries

A detailed microscopic understanding of the internal structure of the proton, including the origin of its spin, and how this structure is modified when the proton is inside a nucleus

The 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade at TJNAF is 75% Complete

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The Forward Calorimeter (FCAL) being assembled in the newly constructed Experimental Hall D.

Experimental Hall B readied for construction of the 12 GeV CEABAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS12)


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The ScienceScientists conducting experiments at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF) discovered some key, heavier mass (“excited”) versions of the nucleon (i.e. neutron and proton) called “N*s” (pronounced N-stars). These N*s were previously thought to be “missing” – predicted but not in existence.

The ImpactThe discovery of some of the famous “missing N* resonances” at TJNAF eliminates a theoretical hypothesis regarding why these N*s might not exist. This “diquark” hypothesis, now shown to be incorrect, suggested that two of the three quarks inside N*s were fused into a “diquark” that acted as a single particle.

SummaryThis discovery addresses a key question: how do the fundamental constituent particles of the Standard Model (quarks, antiquarks and gluons) assemble to form the composite “strongly interacting” particles observed in nature We now know the proton is best described by the dynamics of 3 quarks. The new particles discovered by CLAS have now been included in the Particle Data Group’s 2012 Review of Particle Properties.

Recent NP Accomplishments Solved: The Case of the Missing “Excited” Nucleons

Interior view of the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer (CLAS) at TJNAF


Facility for Rare Isotope Beams

FRIB Site February 2013 FRIB will increase the number of isotopes with known properties from ~2,000 observed over the last century to ~5,000 and will provide world-leading capabilities for research on:

Nuclear Structure The ultimate limits of existence for nuclei Nuclei which have neutron skins The synthesis of super heavy elements

Nuclear Astrophysics The origin of the heavy elements and

explosive nucleo-synthesis Composition of neutron star crusts

Fundamental Symmetries Tests of fundamental symmetries, Atomic

EDMs, Weak Charge

This research will provide the basis for a model of nuclei and how they interact.

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FRIB Linear Accelerator

Left: Titanium-shell beam dump prototype in final preparation for testing under rotation, a capability essential to handle very high power FRIB beams


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FRIB Science Will be Transformational


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Research at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider

BLIP

NSRL

RHIC

NSRLLINAC

Booster

AGS

Tandems

STAR6:00 o’clock

PHENIX8:00 o’clock

(PHOBOS)10:00 o’clock

Polarized Jet Target12:00 o’clock

RF4:00 o’clock

(BRAHMS)2:00 o’clock

EBIS

BLIP

RHIC discovered a new state of matter—a perfect quark-gluon liquid. The RHIC science campaigns planned in the next 3-5 years will:

determine, with precision, the properties of this perfect liquid

search for new discoveries such as the postulated Critical Point in the phase diagram of QCD

explore the gluon and sea quark contributions to the spin of the proton using RHIC, the only collider with polarized beams

explore and develop intellectual connections and broader impacts to other subfields


Productivity & Impact of the RHIC Program

>190 tenured faculty positionsassociated withRHIC

No rate falloff in citations (use) of RHICresearch

Collaboration

Total # Refereed Papers

Total # Citations for

Refereed Papers # PRL’s

# Citations for 2005

White Paper

Position of 2005 White Paper

Among Most Cited NP Papers 2001-12

# Papers with >250 Citations

PHENIX 136 14,611 61 1,549 5 13STAR 165 15,246 54 1,593 4 15

PHOBOS 39 4,363 15 1,186 7 1BRAHMS 22 2,860 10 1,168 8 3

Total = 362 37,080 140 5,496 4 in top 10 32

More than 40% of all-time top-cited Nuclear Theory arXiv papers are RHIC-related

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About 30-40% of nuclear physics PHD’sproduced annually come from RHIC


The latest RHIC p+p spin results indicate clear helicity preferences among gluons carrying ~5-20% of proton momentum, corresponding to a contribution from these gluons of ~ 20% to the overall proton spin

The conclusion to a decade -old question is that gluons contribute to proton spin comparably to quarks!

Further measurements @ s = 500 GeV and for di-jets will extend momentum fraction (Bjorken x) range downward and provide addition information on the x-dependence of this contribution

The double spin asymmetry shown is studied for inclusive jet production in polarized proton collisions at RHIC to assess the contribution of to the proton spin from gluons. The dashed blue curve is predicted if the gluon contribution (helicity preference) is zero.

Recent RHIC Result Putting a New Spin on the Proton


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Barrel and Forward Vertex Detector for the PHENIX Experiment at RHIC

The Heavy Flavor Tracker for the STAR Experiment at RHIC

New Tools to Study the Perfect Quark Gluon Liquid

Instrument investments of $29M over the last 3-4 years will begin data collection in FY2014. An additional investment of $30M in modest machine upgrades over the same period has increased the heavy ion luminosity at RHIC by more than a factor of ten.


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Preparations for Neutrino-less Double Beta Decay Exps.

Using techniques that use nuclear isotopes inside cryostats, often made of ultra-clean materials, scientists are “tooling up” to study whether neutrinos are their own anti-particle. The answer could help determine why the matter/anti-matter ratio today is far different than in the early cosmos.

The cyrostat, made from some of the purest copper in the world, is also prepared 4800 ft underground

R&D on one of several approaches by U.S. scientists is ongoing at Lead, South Dakota

4800 feet below ground, the copper needed for a cryostat to cool sensitive Germanium detectors is being electroformed to avoid induced backgrounds caused by cosmic rays


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Isotopes and Radioisotopes in Short Supply Provided at Full Cost Recovery

Some key isotopes and radioisotopes and the companies that use them

Bracco Diagnostics Inc.

Spectrum Techniques


http://www.braccoimaging.com/

http://www.braccoimaging.com/

http://www.slb.com/

http://www.actiniumpharmaceuticals.com/index.htm

http://www.qsa-global.com/home.aspx

http://www.bmc.org/index.htm

http://www.thermofisher.com/global/en/home.asp

http://www.iconisotopes.com/Index.asp

http://inorganicventures.com/

http://www.medicalisotopes.com/index.php

http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/chemistry.html

http://www.excelitas.com/Index.aspx

Times SquareNYC

R&D Creates New Production Method for Actinium-225

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A new isotope project at LANL shows promise for rapidly producing major quantities of a new cancer-treatment agent, actinium 225.

Using proton beams, LANL and BNL could match current annual worldwide production of the isotope in just a few days.

A collaboration among LANL, BNL, and ORNL is developing a plan for full-scale production and stable supply of Ac-225.

Ac-225 emits alpha radiation. Alpha particles are energetic enough to destroy cancer cells but are unlikely to move beyond a tightly controlled target region and destroy healthy cells. Alpha particles are stopped in their tracks by a layer of skin—or even an inch or two of air.


• The Office plans to post another vacancy for Medium Energy Program Manager after sufficient preparation of the community to respond

• Process for making an appointment for Director of the Physics Research Division is ongoing. • Kyungseon Joo (U Conn) has joined NP as an IPA; Kawtar Hafidi (ANL) has joined NP as a detailee• Helmut Marsiske will be leaving NP in May to serve as a PM in the HEP Program

• Preparation continues for the comparative review of research efforts at Laboratories and Universities Dates for review panels:

Nuclear Structure/Nuclear Astro (May 20-24); Heavy Ions (May 28-31)Medium Energy (June 10-14)Nuclear Theory (June 17- 24)Fundamental Symmetries (June 25-28)

Letters have been sent prescribing the information to be submitted in advance Draft agendas and information on panel membership will be sent out shortly A FAQS document will be circulated shortly Panel comparisons will be made within existing subfields based on retrospective assessments

• NP will create a separate portfolio for Neutrons/Neutrinos and Fundamental Symmetries

Additional NP News and Events


• A RHIC Operations Review by the Office of Project Assessment is presently scheduled for August 6-8, 2013.

• A review of the 12 GeV Upgrade to address primarily the impacts of the directed funding change in FY 2012 ($50M vs $66M in the project baseline) is scheduled for May 7-9, 2013.

• One-day site visit for TJNAF (July 9) and S&T review for ATLAS (July 30-31) planned in FY2013.

• A Lehman review to establish CD2/3a for FRIB will be held June 4-5, 2013. SC/NP, in discussion with the FRIB project team, is examining options to continue progress under the full year 2013 Continuing Resolution.

• ECA process in progress.

• NP candidate to attend the 63rd Meeting of the Nobel Laureates in Lindau, Germany June 30 to July 5th, 2013 has been accepted by Lindau Committee.

• NSAC COV report (J. Harris, Chair) has been received; NP’s response is in preparation

• NSAC’s response to theSC Director’s Facilities Charge has been submitted to SC

• DOE is developing a plan in response to the OSTP memo on Open Access



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Discussion with HEP suggests that one approach could be an NSAC subpanel with members from NP and HEP to consider DBD R&D and downselect criteria. The subpanel could consider U.S. (pre-conceptual) R&D proposals for next generation experiments, in the context of related international planning efforts and report on:

Merit of U.S. pursuing a next generation double beta decay experiment in current international landscape

Identify potential candidates of next generation experiments – description, Status of R&D, remaining risks, priorities for future R&D

Down select criteria for an internationally competitive experiment, including a sensitivity goal

These thoughts are formative for strategic planning purposes only at this point. As always, input from the community is welcome

Within NP, and in preliminary discussion with HEP, there has begun to be some rumination about how to carry out a possible down-select process if the science “demands” that a ton-scale 0ββ experiment be carried out, and resources are available.



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(4) PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND REVIEW.—The Secretary shall—

(A) develop a program plan and annually update the program plan through public workshops; and

(B) use the Nuclear Science Advisory Committee to conduct annual reviews of the progress made in achieving the program goals and make recommendations to improve program effectiveness.

Other News: The National Defense Authorization Act for FY2013 and NSAC

NP/ IDPRA (the Isotope Program) is considering the most effective means to propose for addressing this Congressional direction.

A concept being considered is to empanel a new NSACI subpanel to carry out the directed assessment as well as an assessment of the status and progress in addressing isotope needs broadly. As always, feedback from the community is welcome.

(H. R. 4310— 581)


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Major Considerations for Nuclear Physics in FY 2013 and FY 2014

Rebaselining the12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade Project due to the reduced FY 2012 appropriation and managing its completion

‒ SC construction project management review – MayBaselining the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB) and starting construction

‒ SC construction project management review – early JuneOptimizing Core Research within constrained budgets

‒ Comparative research review of all NP subprograms – May/June 2013 Maintaining productivity of user facility operations within constrained funding

Increased support for 12 GeV operations to transition essential staff back from the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade Construction Project and to address increased costs for power and cryogens with the start of 12 GeV commissioningAdequate support to maintain yearly data taking runs at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC)Optimal utilization of ATLAS as the only SC facility providing research opportunities for nuclear structure/astrophysics scientists until 2021

Meeting the stable and radioisotope needs of the Nation, and mitigating impacts, to the extent possible, of potential reduced production capability


Conclusion

U.S. world leadership in discovery science illuminating the properties of nuclear matter in all of its manifestations

Tools necessary for scientific and technical advances which will lead to new knowledge, new competencies, and groundbreaking innovation and applications

Strategic investments in tools and research to provide the U.S. with premier research capabilities in the world

The United States continues to provide resources for and to expect:

The future of nuclear science in the United States may not be exactly as envisioned in the 2007 Long Range Plan, but it remains rich with science opportunities

Long term, QCD research may become consolidated around a possible electron-ion collider

Nuclear Science will continue to be an important part of the U.S. science investment strategy to create new knowledge and

technology innovation supporting U.S. security and competitiveness


New Charge Given to NSAC on Future Facilities Needed for SC’s Mission

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From: W. F. BrinkmanDirector, Office of Science I am writing to present a new charge to each of the Office of Science Federal Advisory Committees. I would like each Advisory Committee to help us with an important task—the prioritization of proposed scientific user facilities for the Office of Science. To meet a very compressed timetable, we will need your final report by March 22, 2013. This charge derives from Administration efforts to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accountability of government programs and requirements of the Government Performance and Results Modernization Act of 2010. In order to improve the agency’s performance, and in compliance with this Act, DOE has established several Priority Goals, including the following goal for the Office of Science: Goal Statement: Prioritization of scientific facilities to ensure optimal benefit from Federal investments. By September 30, 2013, formulate a 10-year prioritization of scientific facilities across the Office of Science based on (1) the ability of the facility to contribute to world-leading science, (2) the readiness of the facility for construction, and (3) an estimated construction and operations cost of the facility.


FY 2012 Approp

FY 2014 President’s

Request

FY 2014 vs. FY 2012

Summary of Changes

Medium Energy 128,267 149,862 +21,595 Supports highest priority research preparations for the 12 GeV program (+$1.1M) Supports the critical transition of staff from the 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade project back to

Operations, and supports instrumentation for the 12 GeV research program (+$12.6M) 12 GeV Other Project Costs increase per the current profile as commissioning begins (+$4.5M) Provides for SBIR/STTR as required (+$1.6M) and mandatory DOE obligations (+$1.8M)

Heavy Ions 202,417 200,610 -1,807 Provides final year of funding for the STAR HFT MIE, as planned; research is focused on the highest priority efforts at RHIC and LHC (-$3.9M)

RHIC Operations supports 2,770 hours of beam time (68% of optimal) with efficiencies gained through staff reductions and lower power costs (+$5.1M)

Direct support for BNL General Purpose Equipment is terminated (-$3M)Low Energy 106,289 132,613 +26,324 Increase dominated by support for FRIB construction activities and major procurements (+$33M)

Other increases:• Implementation of KATRIN and CUORE (+$0.5M)• Cost-of-living for LE facilities, and addressing critical staffing needs at ATLAS (+$1.3M)• GRETINA operations, maintenance and enhancement (+$1.3M)• nEDM R&D effort (+$1M)

Offsetting decreases:• Final year of funding for the Majorana Demonstrator in FY13, as planned (-$5.8M)• Final year of funding for the CUORE MIE in FY12, as planned (-$0.5M)• Transfer of Homestake mine de-watering to HEP after FY12 (-$4.5M)

Nuclear Theory 41,332 41,822 +490 Maintains viability of National Nuclear Data program Supports SciDAC-3 awards at planned levels Maintains highest priority nuclear theory efforts, including support for LQCD-ext and topical

theory centers as planned Isotope Program

19,082 19,531 +449 Maintains mission readiness of isotope facilities at laboratories and universities and supports research for new isotope production techniques

Construction 50,000 25,500 -24,500 Supports 12 GeV CEBAF Upgrade planned profile (net 12 GeV decrease is -$20M including the $4.5M increase in OPC in Medium Energy)

TOTAL 547,387 569,368 +22,551

Nuclear PhysicsFY 2014 President’s Request - Summary by Subprogram


Perspectives from DOE Nuclear Physics

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