Perspectivas #11

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Transcript of Perspectivas #11

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Editorial (5)

#11

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Perspectivas – Portuguese Journal of Political Science and International Relations (ISSN (print) 1646-2157) is published twice a year by NICPRI – Centre of Research in Political Science and International Relations (University of Minho, Braga and University of Évora, Évora, Portugal)

Copyright © 2013 NICPRI

The Perspectivas – Portuguese Journal of Political Science and International Relationsis a peer reviewed journal with an external blind referee system. It accepts original articles not under consideration elsewhere at the time of submission.

See the Editorial Policy and Guidelines for Authors at the end of this Journal and in NICPRI´s website http://www.nicpri.uminho.pt/?co=109&tp=4&cop=0&LG=1&mop=187&it=pagina

For subscriptions, acquisition of previous numbers and exchange policy contact [email protected]

Legal deposit: 226989/05Indexation: LATINDEXPrice: 12,5€Copy edition: 1000 itemsGraphic design, Paging and Printing by Candeias Artes Gráficas – Braga, Portugal; www.candeiasag.com

Paulo Eduardo Guimarães University of Évora, Portugal

Manuel Couret Branco University of Évora, Portugal

Maria de Deus Manso University of Évora, Portugal

Miguel Rocha e Sousa University of Évora, Portugal

Nuno Salter Cid University of Évora, Portugal

Pilar Damião University of Azores, Portugal

Rogério Leitão University of Coimbra, Portugal

Silvério Rocha-Cunha University of Évora, Portugal

Editorial details #11

Perspectivas – Portuguese Journal of Political Science and International RelationsA Journal of the NICPRI – Centre of Research in Political Science and International Relations

Director:José António Palmeira, University of Minho, Portugal

Editors:Isabel Camisão, University of Coimbra, Portugal

Isabel Estrada Carvalhais, University of Minho, Portugal Silvério Rocha-Cunha, University of Évora, Portugal

Editorial BoardAna Paula Brandão University of Minho, Portugal

Fátima Jorge Oliveira University of Évora, Portugal

Hélder Adegar Fonseca University of Évora, Portugal

Isabel Estrada Carvalhais University of Minho, Portugal

João Tiago Lima University of Évora, Portugal

José António Palmeira University of Minho, Portugal

Laura C. Ferreira-Pereira University of Minho, Portugal

Luís Filipe Lobo-Fernandes University of Minho, Portugal

International Scientific Advisory BoardAndré FreireISCTE-IUL, Portugal

Catherine Wihtol de WendenSciences-PO, France

Jan KlímaUniversity of Hradec Kralové, Czech Republic

John A. GroomUniversity of Kent, United Kingdom

José Eduardo FariaUniversity of São Paulo, Brazil

José Esteves PereiraUniversidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal

José MagoneBerlin School of Economics and Law, Germany

Michael BaumUniversity of Harvard, USA

Richard GuntherOhio State University, USA

Robin CohenUniversity of Oxford, United Kingdom

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Contents/Índice

Editorial

A Moralidade da Distância e da Guerra sem RiscoJoão Vicente

Group-sharing, not Groupthink: Understanding Foreign Policy Decision-Making through a Social Sharedness Approach

Luís da Vinha

Gestión de la movilidad humana de acuerdo con la externalización de fronteras: los procedimientos del acuerdo de readmisión

entre España y MauritaniaAlma Paola Trejo Peña e Elisa Carolina Fernández Feijoo

A China como potência regional: o caso da Ásia CentralPaulo Duarte

Abstracts/Resumos

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Abstracts/Resumos

Perspectivas – Portuguese Journal of Political Science and International Relations, N.º 11, December 2013, 105-107 © NICPRI 2013

ISSN 1646-2157 (print)© NICPRI 2013

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Perspectivas – Portuguese Journal of Political Science and International Relations, N.º 11, December 2013

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A Moralidade da Distância e da Guerra sem Risco

The morality of distance and riskless war

Abstract: The conduct of war according to ethical principles is not only morally right, but reveals humanity in modern society. When we compared the introduction of a new technology in the battle space with the ethical and legal principles universally accepted, we are ensuring the moral standards of future generations. The possibility of conducting a virtuous War, because surgical, conscious and meticulous, contrasts with the argument that it is a virtual War in which video images reduce the conflict to a distant computer game.

One of the biggest criticisms to unmanned aircraft systems, when compared with the manned alternative, is that they inflict disproportionate and unnecessary damage, particularly in civilians, as a result of the physical removal and possible emotional disconnection of their operators.

Establishing a causal relationship between the distance of the fighter from close combat and the increasing probability of outbreak of War, is difficult to determine. However, if this relationship exists, then it is sublimated by the use of drones in combat, forcing a dilution of the traditional perception of combat. It is therefore important to check whether the increase in distance may be associated with abstraction or indifference to death. And in an era when Remote Air Warfare threatens to become an instrument of death at an industrial scale, it is important to assess the moral effects of such widespread use.

Keywords: Remote Air Warfare; Unmanned Aircraft Systems; drones; morality.

Group-sharing, not Groupthink: Understanding Foreign Policy Decision-Making through a Social Sharedness Approach

Group-sharing em vez de Groupthink: Compreendendo o Processo de Decisão de Política Externa através de uma Abordagem de Partilha Social

Resumo: O conceito de “groupthink” tem dominado muita da literatura sobre dinâmicas de grupos em política externa. Todavia, o sucesso e a proliferação do groupthink nos meios académicos e populares têm originado alguns equívocos sobre o próprio conceito. Embora o conceito originalmente desenvolvido por Janis tenha atraído muita atenção ao longo dos anos, tem igualmente sido alvo de várias críticas. De facto, o amplo sucesso do groupthink carece de provas empíricas sólidas. Por sua vez, o groupthink contesta muitas das teorias recentes da psicologia social que revelam que as dinâmicas de grupos podem contribuir para processos de decisão mais eficientes. No presente artigo tentamos desmistificar o fenómeno do groupthink e oferecer uma abordagem alternativa para aferir as dinâmicas de grupo envolvidas no processo de decisão de política externa. Argumentamos a favor da adoção de uma abordagem assente na psicologia social que pode melhorar o nosso conhecimento sobre a forma como os grupos definem os desafios que enfrentam na arena política internacional. Mais concretamente, apresentamos um quadro conceptual baseado nos mecanismos de partilha social (“social sharing”) para compreender como é que os grupos desenvolvem as representações dos problemas que informam as suas decisões políticas. Em última instância, procuramos salientar a contribuição positiva que as dinâmicas de grupos podem ter nos processos de decisão efetivos.

Palavras-chave: Decisões de grupo; “groupthink”; processo de integração; psicologia social; “social sharing”.

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Abstracts/Resumos (105-107)

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Gestión de la movilidad humana de acuerdo con la externalización de fronteras: los procedimientos del acuerdo de readmisión entre España y Mauritania

Gestão da mobilidade humana de acordo com a externalização de fronteiras: os procedimentos do acordo de readmissão entre a Espanha e a Mauritânia

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é conhecer o que está por detrás da política migratória espanhola na hora de gerir os fluxos de entrada de estrangeiros. A metodologia utilizada para levar a cabo este estudo baseia-se em uma análise descritiva das políticas espanholas e europeias de controle da migração. A primeira parte do documento mostra como o controle das fronteiras é uma estratégia para conter a migração irregular a nível mundial. A segunda se compõe a partir da exposição de um caso em concreto baseando-se na análise do acordo bilateral de readmissão entre Espanha e Mauritânia. Abordamos o caso a partir de duas perspectivas: por um lado o controle e por outro a de cooperação para controlar a mobilidade humana através do princípio de reciprocidade.

Palavras chave: Gestão de fluxos migratórios; Acordos de Readmissão; mobilidade preordenada; fronteira.

Managing human mobility according to the externalization of borders: procedures of the readmission agreement between Spain and Mauritania

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to reveal what is behind the Spanish immigration policy to manage undocumented migrants. The methodology used to conduct this study is based on a documentary analysis that covers both Spanish law, and European control migration policies. The first part of the document shows how the border control is a strategy to control irregular migration at a global level. The second refers to the analysis of the bilateral readmission agreement between Spain and Mauritania. It seeks to address two aspects, first, the control and on the other, the cooperation for this purpose through the principle of reciprocity.

Keywords: Migration Management; Readmission Agreements; mobility preordained; borders.

A China como potência regional: o caso da Ásia Central

China as a regional power: the case of Central Asia

Abstract: This article aims to analyze the behavior of China as a regional power by applying it to the specific case of Central Asia. The central argument is that Beijing is trying to boost economic, political and military ties with the Central Asian Republics, although its soft power is still very ineffective in the region. Moreover, the Chinese regional ambitions are often viewed with suspicion by the neighboring Central Asian countries, which still see Russia as a great economic, military and cultural reference, given their long Soviet past.

Keywords: Central Asia; China; regional power.

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