“the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical system that determine his unique adjustment to

his environment”.-Gordon Allport.

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HereditySuch as : physical stature, facial

features, skin and hair color, temperament, energy levels.

The biological, physiological or psychological characteristics.

Twin studies : raised apart but very similar personalities.

There is some personality change over long time periods.

PERSONALITY DETERMINE

example

example

TYPE OF BODY

SHAPEAPPEARANCE

PERSONALITY

CHARECTERISTICS

Endomorph Round and softSociable, friendly.

Mesomorph Strong muscles Assertive, aggressive,

adventurous.

Ectomorph Skinny and tallIntrovert, shy, does not

like physical activity.

Dr. Nancy Segal, co-director of the university of Minnesota research project, is shown here with twins separated at birth, reared in different family environment, and reunited after 31 years. Segal and her team of researches discovered that the sets of twins they studied shared more personality characters than did sibling brought up in the same family.

FAMILYThe family influence personality

formation such as family size, birth order, race, religion, parent’s education level.

GROUP MEMBERSHIPpersonality may result from the

influence of membership in different groups, past and present.

Environment

example

Carl Jung and Myers & Briggs theory’s.To measure these as well as a fourth dimension relating to how people orient themselves to the outer world.

Most widely used personality test in work setting. Such as Apple Computer, AT&T, Citigroup, GE, 3M Co..

Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)

MBTI

FOCUS

INFORMATION

DEAL WITH

WORLD.

DECISION

EXTRAVERSION INTRAVERT

• Outgoing• Sociable• assertive

•Quiet• shy

SENSING

Orderly/routinepractically

• Unconscious process

• Look at the “big picture”

INTUITION

THINKING

• Logic• Reason

• objectively

• Personal values• Emotions

FEELING

JUDGING

• Structured.• Prefer order. • Flexible.

• Spontaneously.

PERCEIVING

These classifications are then combined into 16 personality types :-INTJ – visionaries(Thomas Jefferson)ESTJ – organizers(George W. Bush)ENTP – conceptualizer(Robin William)

MBTI- improve self-awareness for career development, but it should not be used in selecting job applicant.

THE BIG 5 MODEL

conscientiousness

• Unreliable• Disorganiz

ed

• Responsible

• Organized• persistent

• Enhanced leadership

• Greater longevity

agreeableness

• Cold• Disagreeab

le• antagonisti

c

• Warm• Trusting• cooperative

• higher performce

• Lower level of deviant behavior

DIMENSION LOW HIGH AFFECT

extroversion • Reserved• Timid• quiet

• Sociable• Assertive• gregarious

• Higher performce

• Higher job• Job satisfaction

Emotional stability

• Nervous• Anxious• depressed

• Calm• Self-

confident

• Higher job• Life

satisfaction• Lower stress

level

Openness to experience

• Conventional

• Creative• Curious

• Training performance

• leadership

PepsiCo chief executive officer Indra Nooyi scores high on all personality dimension of the big five model.

These personality traits have contributed to Nooyi’s high job performance and career success.

Nooyi join PepsiCo

in 1994 as senior vice president of strategy and development and was promoted to president and chief financial officer before moving into the firm’s top management position.

General Electric CEO Jeffery Immelt scores high on the extraversion dimension of the big five model.

Described as gregarious and adept at building relationship, Immelt spent 20 years at GE in sales and managerial positions, jobs that involve high social interaction, before moving into GE’s top management position.

As CEO, Immelt travels throughout the world meeting with costumer, employees, suppliers, and investors.

Berita harian online, 6 December 2014.Steven L. McShane & Mary Ann Von Glinow,

organizational Behavior : emerging realities for the Workplace revolution.

Stephen P. Robbins & Timothy A. Judge, organizational behavior fourteenth edition.

references