PERSISTENCE AND BIORMEDIATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN …
24
PERSISTENCE AND BIORMEDIATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN AGRICULTURE SOIL Namasivayam Vasudevan and Greeshma Odukkathil Centre for Environmental Studies Anna University, Chennai,India
Transcript of PERSISTENCE AND BIORMEDIATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN …
PERSISTENCE AND BIORMEDIATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN AGRICULTURE
SOIL
Namasivayam Vasudevan and Greeshma OdukkathilCentre for Environmental Studies
Anna University, Chennai,India
PESTICIDE CONSUMPTION
45%
25%
25%
3.75%
Europe
USA
Other
India
ENDOSULFAN – STATUS IN
INDIA➢The world's largest user of endosulfan, and a major producer
➢4500 tonne annually for domestic use and 4,000 tonnes for
export.
➢2001- major suspect of endosulfan began owing to
abnormalities noted in local children of Kasargod District of
Kerala after aerial spraying of endosulfan on Cashew Plantation.
➢Protest from Kerala & different regions of India resulted in the
present ban on endosulfan production and usage under
Stockholm Convention 2011.
3
FATE OF PESTICIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
5
PERSISTENCE-BIOAVAILABILITY
soil, plant and run-off
water samples ( 15
days intervals)
from 4 villages
STUDY OVERVIEW
Evaluation of soil microcosm study by quantifying
pesticide in soil by GC ECD, GCMS, Survival of Consortium
Formulation of various bacterial
consortia
STUDY
Efficiency of a biosurfactant
producing bacteria in enhancing
bioremediation
Soil Microcosm Study
Persistence of endosulfan under field condition for a period
of 5 years
Map of Thiruvallur district
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225
En
do
su
lfan
co
ncentr
ati
on
(m
g/k
g)
Days after application
Residues of endosulfan in (TVL - 50) soil
Alpha Beta Endosulfan sulfate
PERSISTENCE OF ENDOSULFAN
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225
En
do
su
lfan
co
ncentr
ati
on
(m
g/k
g)
Days after application
Residues of endosulfan in (TVL-61) soil
Alpha Beta Endosulfan sulfate
PERSISTENCE OF ENDOSULFAN
0
5
10
15
20
25
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225
En
do
su
lfan
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
(m
g/k
g)
Days after application
Residues of endosulfan in (TVL - 62) soil
Alpha Beta Endosulfan sulfate
Persistence of Endosulfan
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225
En
do
su
lfa
n
co
nc
en
tra
tio
n (m
g/k
g)
Days after application
Residues of endosulfan in (TVL - 63) soil
Alpha Beta Endosulfan sulfate
Persistence of Endosulfan
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
En
do
su
lfa
n c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(m
g/k
g)
Days after application
Residues of endosulfan in plant foliar parts of paddy crop (Dec-Jan) in TVL-61
Alpha Beta Endosulfan sulfate
PERSISTENCE OF ENDOSULFAN
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
135 150 165 180 195 210 225
En
do
su
lfa
n c
on
ce
ntr
ati
on
(m
g/k
g)
Days after application
Residues of endosulfan in plant foliar parts of paddy crop ( Apr - May) in TVL - 61
Alpha Beta Endosulfan sulfate
PERSISTENCE OF ENDOSULFAN
BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCTION
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Gro
wth
(O
D)
Surf
ace
Te
nsi
on
(D
/cm
)
Time (day)
ES 34 ST ES 36 ST ES 47 ST
ES 34 OD ES 36 OD ES 47 OD ES-47 -37 D/cm, where as the
other two strains showed
a reduction upto 44 D/cm.
14
ES-47 Achromobacterxylosoxidans
ES-34 Bordetella petri GVIES-36 Bordetella petri GVII
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
Pesticide
Concentration of pesticide in soil (mg/g)
Surface
(0-15cm)
Subsurface
(15-30 cm)
Subsurface
(30-40cm)
α Endosulfan 4.6±0.14 1.4±0.28 1.3±0.28
β Endosulfan 3.1±0.08 0.63±0.25 0.34±0.04
Endosulfate 11.74±0.04 ND ND
α BHC 0.39±0.06 0.23±0.18 ND
Γ BHC 0.3±0.44 Nil Nil
Beta Cyfluthrin ND ND 6.64±0.09
op- DDE 0.002±0.15 Nil 0.004±0.21
Chlordane
isomers
ND Nil 0.0006±0.34
PESTICIDE RESIDUES IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL OF PAKKAM VILLAGE
16
BACTERIAL GROWTH IN THE SOIL
BIODEGRADATION OF ENDOSULFAN AT DIFFERENT DEPTH OF SOIL
o There was no correlation in the degradation andgrowth of bacteria due to variation in spatialdistribution of pesticide in the soil matrix.
o Concentration of endosulfan, the major pesticidepresent in all the layers showed an unevenpattern of decrease from 0th day to 30th day with adecrease and increase in the concentration ofendosulfan isomers due to uneven distribution ofpesticides in the contaminated soil (p>0.05).
o All other pesticide present in the soil was alsoutilized by the consortium.
BIODEGRADATION OF ENDOSULFATE
➢ Endosulfate concentration washigh in the surface soil.
➢ Endosulfate - 1.2 mg/g in thesurface soil, whereas in thesubsurface soil it was present inlesser concentration.
➢ Decrease in endosulfateconcentration was observed inthe surface soil and itscomplete removal in thesurface soil was observed onthe 25th day.
➢ In both the subsurface soil (15-30 cm) and subsurface soil (30-40 cm) the distribution ofendosulfate was uneven, butafter 25 days endosulfate wasnot detected
HALF- LIFE OF DEGRADATION OF ENDOSULFAN IN SOIL
Dehalogenation
& Ring Cleavage
BIODEGRADATION PATHWAY OF
ENDOSULFAN IN SOIL
OH
OH
OH
OH
Low Molecular Weight Organic
Compound
Low Molecular
Weight Organic
Compound
Carbondioxide
SUBSURFACE SOIL
SURFACE SOIL
Microbial
Hydrolysis
Dehalogenation & Ring
Cleavage
SURVIVAL OF BACTERIAL CONSORTIUM
DGGE profile of soil DNA
Band Match using PyElph software at distance 2%
Dendogram of DGGE profile of bacterial community in soil
l DM: Marker; C: Consortium; J: Surface Soil Control; K: Subsurface Soil (15e30 cm) Control; L: Subsurface Soil (15e30 cm) Control; M: Bioaugumented Surface Soil; N: BioaugumentedSubsurface Soil (15e30 cm); O: BioaugumentedSubsurface Soil (30e40 cm); B1, B2, B3, B4, B5prominent DNA bands
specific primer-amplified soil DNA
CONCLUSION• Persistence of endosulfan in soil of Thiruvallur, even in subsurface
environment.
• Less water soluble pesticides get adsorbed to soil which makes
them less bioavailable there decelerating their biodegradation in
soil.
• Bioaugumentation enhance the bioavailability of pesticides in soil
with simultaneous biodegradation.
• bioaugumentation of contaminated soil with biosurfactant
producing bacterial strains capable of surviving in subsurface soil
environment can enhance the bioremediation process.
• Bacterial strainsBordetella petrii I GV 34, BBordetella petrii II GV 36
and Achromobacter xyloxidans GV 47 can be an efficient microbial
catalyst for enhancing the bioavailability of soil sorbed
hydrpophobic pesticides.
