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Strategic Overview: Particle and Particle Astrophysics

Persis S. DrellDeputy DirectorDirector, Particle and Particle Astrophysics

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SLAC: A Lab in TransitionSLAC’s research vision is evolving dramatically.

The balance and content of the scientific foci is changing in substantial ways

Photon science is rapidly expanding It will be the dominant laboratory program by the end of the decade. In 2009, the major accelerator-based facilities will both be primarily serving photon science

Particle Physics and Particle Astrophysics Will no longer have forefront accelerator based HEP program on site.Non-accelerator efforts will growWill be serving user community at accelerator facilities that will be off site

e.g. ILC; other potential accelerator opportunities

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Photon Science FutureX-Rays have opened the Ultra-Small World -- Realm of SPEAR3

1012 photons/sec from high brightness undulator400 eV –40 KeV50 ps pulselimited coherence at x-ray wavelengths

X-ray Lasers will open the Ultra-Small and Ultra-Fast Worlds –Realm of LCLS

1012 photons/pulse800 eV – 9 KeV200 fs pulse at commissioningfew * 10 fs within 1-2 yearsfully coherent at x-ray wavelengths

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Linac Coherent Light Source

LCLS Will Be The World’s First X-ray Laser

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LCLS: Remarkable Opportunities for Discovery

Femtochemistry and BiologyNanostructuredMaterialsAtomic PhysicsPlasmas and Warm Dense MatterImaging of Nanoclusters and Single BiomoleculesX-ray Laser Physics

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Changes to Optimize Lab for its Future

New Laboratory Organization and Management Structure

New structure is built around four new directorates -- Particle & Particle Astrophysics, Photon Science, LCLS Construction, and Operations.

Lab is better positioned to serve the two science focus areas New structure stresses the importance of strong and effective line management at the laboratory

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Previous SLAC Organization

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An Exciting and Challenging Time in Field of Particle Physics

The Standard Model of quarks and leptons is fabulously successful---and fabulously incomplete

It only describes ~5% of the UniverseCompelling Questions confront us

Within this decade a new accelerator is coming on line with potential to make dramatic progress in our understanding

LHCWe are also developing the accelerator for discovery in the next decade: ILC

Non accelerator strategies essential components achieving our scientific goalsLong term health and future of the field of HEP relies on ILC

Excellent progress towards international realization of such a machine---but not a certainty

Budgets are very constrained

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SLAC PPA Program: Exploiting the present and preparing for the future

Science now or soonB Factory (operations to 2008) GLAST (2007 – 2012/17)SLAC Participation in the LHC (2007 and beyond)Proof of principle experiments in accelerator research

R&D for science in the next decade (2010 and beyond)ILC (2016?)LSST (first light 2012??)JDEM (20??) EXO (2012?? if R&D successful)

R&D for farther futureAccelerator Research

FFTB SABER

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Programmatic PrioritiesFor the near term:

We must focus on B-factory performance and delivery of science to our largest user community

For the mid term:We must continue in our leadership role for the ILC

Highest priority new facility for the world communityWe must complete GLAST construction and develop the ISOC

Deliver the science to the user communityWe must work to provide additional opportunities for science to the HEP user community in ~2012

e.g. LHC, LSST, EXO, JDEM,...For the long term:

The R&D in accelerator science is our hope for the future of the field

To make the next accelerator *after* the ILC technically feasible and affordable

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Near Term Program: Science Now or Soon

B-factoryGLASTSLAC Participation in the LHC

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B-Factory ProgramPEP-II Accelerator

Collides e+ and e- with unequal beam energies at ECM=10.58 GeVPremier tool for studying physics of heavy flavor

BaBar DetectorOptimized for B-physics at asymmetric energy colliderRun by International Collaboration of ~623 physicists from 80 institutions in 11 countries

Program of Rich PhysicsB-factory program operates until end of FY2008

Ultimate goal: Deliver to BaBar: ~1ab-1 end of FY2008Laboratory committed to delivering luminosity

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155184Total

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28392003

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BelleBABARJournal Papers

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Machine Performance

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GLASTGLAST: γ-ray Large Area Space Telescope

GLAST measures direction, energy and time of celestial gamma rays from 20MeV – 300 GeV

Gamma rays probe cosmological distances in a largely unexplored energy rangeGreat potential for Discoveries:

Fundamental Physics (dark matter,..)Cosmic Particle Acceleration (SNR, jets, ..)Physics of Relativistic Outflows (GRB’s, Pulsars, ..)

Joint Particle Physics/Particle Astrophysics ventureInvolves 5 nations, 9 funding agencies

Fabrication project has been challenging!Project successfully rebaselined summer 03 after CNES withdrew financial supportTransition to flight production much more painful than anticipated and production anomalies summer/fall led to second rebaselinewinter 05

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LAT Instrument

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LAT Instrument

Tracker/Converter (TKR):Silicon strip detectors.W conversion foils.80 m2 of silicon (total).106 electronics chans.High precision tracking,

small dead time.

Calorimeter (CAL):1536 CsI crystals.8.5 radiation lengths.Hodoscopic.Shower profile

reconstruction (leakage correction)

Anti-Coincidence (ACD):Segmented (89 tiles).Self-veto @ high energy limited.0.9997 detection efficiency (overall).

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ACD Installed

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GLAST Moving ForwardInstrument is assembled and in final testingShip to NRL for environmental testing at end of FebruaryDelivery to Observatory Integration in summer

Mate with spacecraft and GBM and test

Launch 8/07Kennedy Space Flight Center

Focus at SLAC transitioning to build up of ISOC and preparation for science

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SLAC Participation in LHCMotivations:

Energy frontier Physics. Synergy between LHC and ILC.Experience in detector and operations relevant for ILC.To maintain a healthy work force for ILC Strong user interest from traditional SLAC user communityOur experience on detector/computing are seen as valuable assets which could help ATLAS to prepare for the first physics at LHC. The M&S cost is moderate and should be able to fit more flexibly into the Lab budget.

Good synergy with existing LARP participationStrongly supported by our theory community

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Proposed Areas of InvolvementSpecific proposal for SLAC participation in ATLAS developed under leadership of Su Dong and Charlie Young Four related items:

Pixel detector Trigger Simulation Tier 2 computing center

Simulation production Calibration. Primary location for physics analysis. A really functional Tier 2 requires much more than keeping a bunch of boxes running.

Proposal for SLAC to join ATLAS is being presented to you at this meetingAlso considered CMS option

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Possible SLAC Physicist Profile

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Trigger Simulation Pixel Analysis TBD

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R&D for science in the next decade: 2010 and beyond

ILCLSSTJDEMEXO

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ILCHigh Energy e+e- LC highest priority new machine for world community

SLAC has led field in development of LC design and technology

Champion of warm RF technology

How has the ‘cold’ technology choice impacted the lab?SLAC has always been committed to playing a leadership role in ILC independently of choice of RF technologySLAC has accelerator expertise in all subsystems of the colliderR&D program now restructured to address critical issues for cold machine

SLAC fully supports GDE effortSLAC staff are co-leading 4 of the technical subgroups

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ILC Machine R&D activitiesRestructured R&D program to align with the cold decision

Accelerator Design and CDRe+e- sourcesDamping ring designBeam Delivery SystemInstrumentation and control systems

All being done as part of the coordinated GDE effortSome accelerator R&D may be directed for additional support

e.g. L-band power sourcesGoals for near term:

End of CY05: Select baseline configuration designEnd of CY06: CDR

Goals longer term:CY08/09: TDR

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ILC Detector ProgramNeed to grow program of linear collider detector R&D

SLAC is working with LBNL and FNAL to provide opportunities for user community to engage

Simulation EffortSupports national and international effort

Concept development for a detector based on SiliconOne of several approaches in the community

Effort is investment limited—particularly engineeringOpportunities to grow with GLAST roll off You will hear a report on the status at this meeting

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LSST-Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

8.4 m ground based telescopeWide field of viewWeak lensing survey of entire skyDark matter power density spectrumConstraints on Dark Energy

Proposed as joint DOE/NSF project

SLAC lead lab on camera developmentFirst light ~2012

R&D effort growing with GLAST roll offLSST proposal in front of you at this meeting

* Dark matter and dark energy with weak lensing Full LSST survey will cover 20,000 square degrees, and resolve over 4 billion high-redshift (z ≤ 3) galaxies!

* Dark matter and dark energy with

supernovaeLSST will detect 250,000 type I-a supernovae (z ≤ 1) per year!

* Cluster survey and baryon

oscillations.

* Gravitational micro-lensing.

* Strong galaxy & cluster lensing:

physics of dark matter.

* Multi-image lensed SN time delays:

separate test of cosmology.

* QSO time delays vs z: independent

test of dark energy.

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The LSST Collaboration

Brookhaven National Laboratory

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Johns Hopkins University

Las Cumbres Observatory

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

National Optical Astronomy Observatory

Ohio State University

Pennsylvania State University

Research Corporation

Stanford Linear Accelerator Center

Stanford University

University of Arizona

University of California, Davis

University of Illinois

University of Pennsylvania

University of Washington

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2m

3.2 Giga-Pixel10 µm CCD Array3.5° FOV

LSST Camera(shown with the secondary mirror of

the telescope)

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JDEM/SNAP2m space based telescope—LBNL lead labStudy high z SNe Dark Energy

Weak Gravitational lensingDark MatterStrong Lensing Small scale structure

Joint project DOE and NASASLAC involvement in OCU and possibly electronics

R&D effort growing with GLAST roll offAnticipate full proposal at next meeting

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EXO: Enriched Xenon ObservatorySearch for ββ0ν decay in 136Xe-->136Ba++ e- e-

EXO PhilosophyExcellent energy resolution (separates ββ0ν from ββ2ν)Positive ID Ba Ion (Ba tagging)

Strategy:Currently EXO 200 is being built

Study detector performance (no Ba+ tagging)Look at backgroundsMeasure 2νββ mode with 1-2 year runSensitivity of ~0.2 eV to 0νββ mode

Continue R&D on Ba tagging for next 2-3 yearsIn parallel with EXO 200 operations

Successful R&D would lead to proposal for full EXO (ton scale experiment)

EXO goal: <mνe>~10’s of meV

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Strategic Elements of Accelerator Research

Accelerator Research for Future MachinesHigh Gradient Studies for CLIC type machineDevelopment of L-band power sources for ILC

Proof of Principle Studies of New Acceleration Mechanisms:Plasma AccelerationLaser Acceleration

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Accelerator Research for Future Machines

Accelerator Research for ILC We are developing plans for R&D effort into alternative sources of L-band power for ILC

Plug and play replacement to multi beam klystron at lower costMore innovative technologies: high risk but high gain

High Gradient R&D for e+e- colliders past the ILC

National program being encouraged by DOERedirecting some of resources (people) from warm RF R&D to these efforts

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Proof of Principle Studies of New Acceleration Mechanisms

Accelerator ResearchE164/E164X running successfully (Plasma wake field acceleration)

Talk by Mark HoganLimited by finite lifetime of FFTB

Laser acceleration experiment progressing in NLCTA

Demonstrate and develop new methods for accelerating electrons with laser radiation using solid-state structuresFirst runs this year

e-ion column

F = -eEz

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SABERSABER (FFTB replacement) in proposal development

White paper outlining science case and project description

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SABER Scientific OpportunitiesPlasma Wakefield Acceleration and Beam-Plasma Physics

Continuation of successful plasma acceleration programExtend to positrons

Magnetism and Solid State PhysicsUse intense E and B fields associated with the electron bunchesStudies of ultra-fast magnetization dynamics

Intense THz Light Source for Surface ChemistrySABER can produce ultra-short pulse of coherent THz radiationStudies of dissociation of aligned molecules at a surface & other surface chemistry experiments

Laboratory Astrophysics ExperimentsCalibration of cosmic ray observational techniquesStudies of dynamics of jet-plasma interactions

Inverse Compton Scattered BeamPhoton energies to 18 GeV

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SABER Parameters

2 m from last quadrupole to focal point. Approximately 23 m from focal point to Arc 3 magnets. This space will be available for experimental use and for the dump line system, depending on user requirements. Further expansion is possible by removing unused arc magnets downstream.

Drift space available for experimental apparatus

0Momentum dispersion at IP (η and η’)

4 % full width with full compression.Momentum spread

10 μm nominal(5.2 x 5.4 μm achieved in computer simulations).

Spot size at IP (σx,y)

30 μmPulse length at IP (σz)

2 x 1010 (3 nC) electrons or positrons per pulse.Charge per pulse

Adjustable up to 30 GeV nominal. 28.5 GeV when the Bypass Line is used concurrently with PEP-II operation.

Energy

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Looking Forward

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Vision for HEP at SLAC Highest priority is given to B-factory operations through FY2008

Delivery of science to our largest user communityOther program elements

ILC/LCDWe hope resources saved to HEP by transfer of responsibility of accelerator operations to BES and eventual termination of B-factory program will be used to help build up national ILC R&D programNew and other reprogrammed resources will also be essentialWe will compete through GDE process for some of those resourcesWe anticipate an aggressive growth model for ILC program at SLAC

This must be matched by aggressive growth in the national program

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Vision for HEP at SLAC

Other program elements (cont.)Non-accelerator based programs will growSLAC Participation in LHCWe will continue at roughly constant level:

Accelerator R&DTheory

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PPA Goals for 2009Vibrant particle physics and particle astrophysics programs

ILCLHCGLAST and BaBar dataNon-Accelerator Experiments (LSST, EXO, SNAP…)

Strong support for operating accelerator program (LCLS) transferred to photon science managementThriving cross disciplinary programs

Accelerator Research Scientific Computing

Strategic decisions now are focused on achieving these goals

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Summary

Enormous opportunities for world class science at SLACSLAC’s programs and leadership central to national and international effortPrograms are science driven, innovative, flexible and responsive to scientific drivers