Persian Words in English Language

1. There are more than 600 Persian words in English Language today, some of which are as fallows: Ace (=Aas) Accumen (=Akumen/Thoughts) Alchemy (=from Arabic Al-Kimya or “Kimya” from Persian Simab=Mercury or Sim=Silver) Anil (=from arabic An-nil, ultimately Persian nili or indigo) Absinthe (=Ultimately from Persian “Aspand/Espand) Aniline (=See Anil) Anger/Angry (=Angara Minu) Aryan (=Ariana/Aere-an/Eran/Eranovij/Eranovic) Arsenic (from Arabic Az-zarnikh, from Persian, Zarnik/Zarnikh) Asphalt (=from Arabic Az-zafat, from Persian Zaft=Tar/Pitch) Bizarre (=Bizar) or Bee-zaar) Paradise,(A Persian word meaning “Walled garden” see “Panorama magazine” Manila, Sept.18, 2007).Star (setareh/ishtar), Banyan (kind of tree) Ban (=from Persian =Chief/Lord/Prince/Guard/Protector)Bazaar, Caftan (=Khaftan) Caravan, Bank, Check, Chess, Roxan, Rose, Jasmine, Parthian-Shots, (=Parting Shots), Sugar (=Shakar), Paw (=Paa), Chewing (=Javeedan), Shame (=Sharm),Cow (=Gau), Name (=Naam), Nard (=Persian Nardin) Nan (=Bread), Cake/Kookie (=kak/kooka), Euphrates (=Persian Efratu/river falling into the Persian Gulf) Nah (=No), Noh (=nine), Narghile (=Nargil/cocoh-nut) Nov (=new), Bad and Better (=Behtar), Musk (=Mushk), Pajamas, Orange, Dervish, Khaki, Sepoy (=Sepahy), Nav (=Navy) naval, navigation, navigator, etc, Istana (=Astana), Diwan/Divan, Pashmina (=the Cashmere) Kooh-e- Noor (=Mountain of Light), Pasha, Pesh Marga, Jungle, Mausoleum (=from Mausolos, a Persian satrap, for whom the great tomb wa built) Magi, Magic, Magician, Mandarin (= from old Aryan Mantra or Counsel) Mandala (= from old Aryan Mandala/ cycles) Mummy (=Moumi) Sherryvalies (=Shalvar), Kaftan (=Caftan), Nafta (=naft), Kamancheh/Kamanja (=the original Persian Violin) Taffeta, Shawl, Shaw (as in George Bernard Shaw of Irland) comes from the word “Shah” in Persian, meaning ‘King’. This words entered English language culture in the 16 th century A.D. Shahtoosh, Sherpa, Bang,Band,Spinach, Satrap (=Ancient governor of Persia) Saffron, Lemon, Woe! (=Waa/Waay!), Gyn (=Zan/Woman) Bakh-shish, Penta (=Panj=five), Tak (=attack), Tibet (= as in Tibet occupied by China) from the Persian words “Tabeet” meaning fire place/fire temples (note the words Tab or fever and hit and Taban, shining/light are related to Tabeet, too) Thou (=Toh), Thunder (=Thondar), Me (=Man), Am (=am), Be (beed/beedan/budan), Is (ist, ast, hast) Ex (az), Eyebrow (=Abru), Lips (=Lab), Pharao (=Far-zand or son of Ra/Mithra, the Sun-god of Persia and later, Egypt), Pagoda (=Bot-kada= “house of idols” see Webster), God (=Khoda also German Gott), Verandah (=Bar-amdah), Sponge (espanj), Yoga (=yough), Door (=dar), Group (=grouh), Buss (=Buseh), Officer (=Afsar/Afsara), Mouse (=Moush), Medecine/Medical/Medico (=from the Meades, the Medeo-Persians) Ouch (=Aaakh), Aura (=Ahura), Aurora, Murra, Ricksha (=Rakh’sh), Anchor (=Angor/langar), Barge (=Barga), Best (=Beh-ast) Iron (=Ahan), Tutty (=tutia), Canvas (=kanaf), Shiraz/Sherry (wines from Xeres or Jeres of Spain, derived from Shiraz of Persia), Saraband (the Spanish dance; see Webster), Scimitar/Scimiter (=Sham-shir), Woe(=waay), Reciet (=Rasid), Juvenile (=javan.) Young (=javan), Cancer (=carchang/kharchang), Quarter (=Char), Figure (=paikar), Voice (=avaaz), Two (=doh), Six (=Shesh) Nine (=noh), Ten (=dah), Dentist (=dandansaz), Aqua (Aab=Water), Rustic (=rustai), Loot (=looti), Jel (=gel), Lazuli (lapis lazuli=Lajuard/Firuzeh) Lazulite=Lajuard, Cheesy (=from Persian Chiz, meaning “a thing” “something”) Cheesed (=see Cheesy) Cummerbund (=camarband), Rook (rokh), Song/Sang (sanj), Rank (rang) as well as Pope (=Papa/Baba), Pedar (=Father), Madar (=Mother), Nana (=Nanny/Mother), Brother (Baradar) Brethren(Baradaran), Brothery(Baradary), Dokhtar (=Daughter), Mama (mam = Madar) Mantra, Meaning (=Manak/Maani=Similar, look alike) Camphor (Kafoor) Mortal (= Mordan) Muder (= Murdeh) Morgue (Marg) Being (Boodan) Nominal/Nomate/Nomiation/Nameless, Etc. (=From Naam/Name) Non/None (=Nah) Danube (= River/ Danav) Gnostic (= Da - nost = Danestan) Damp (= dam/ dama) Daddy (=Dada) Nunny (=Naneh) Grand (=gran) Sirdar, Anger (= Angara) Prestige (=Parastesh) Pentagon (=Panj-Gosh) Opium (=Abyun) Enter/Inter (=Antare) Up/Upper (=Apar/Abar) Per (=Bara) For (=Bara) Mind

(=Mand/Man) Devil (=Dev) Candy (=Qand) Rice (=Ros) Rose (=Rouz) Checkered, Scarlet, Tiger, etc. (see “Developing skills in Grammar, Manila”, 2006/ P.13). Rout/Road (=Roud, River), Kiosk (=Koosh’k), Salamader (Salamadar), Henna (or Hana) Mana (human/man/mind), Gyan (Dan/ Danesh/Danestan). Saluki (Persian hound/hund), Tarragon (Tarkhoon), Cuchy (Khoshi/see Webster), Persis (=a Persian woman) Perse (dark-grayish blue), Jakal (Shaghal) Bush/Bosch (Boteh), Barbar/Berber/Barbarian/Barbaric (=from Persian Barbara meaning foreigner/Stranger/ ignorant/speechless, etc.) Barbican, (Barbar-Khana//Bob-Khanah/gate-house see Webster) Baro (Barometer) = weight, pressure from Persian “Bar” Cinnabar, Cypress, excheques, gazelle, henna, Jargon, Jasper, Julep, Kabab, Julep (=Gulab/Rose water, see Webster) Jungle, lilac, lime, margarine, marguerite, miuscadel, myrtle, narcissus, palanquin, paradise,shawl, peach, peacock, pear, putte, rook, saccharine, sash, satrap, seersucker, tapestry, tiatra, tiger, tulip, turban (= Dul-band) Leopard (=Parthian Lion) ( Ref. “The splendor of Persia” Robert Payne, U.K. 1989). Mourn/morning (= Moura/zanja-moura) Durbar (Darbar or Diwan of the shah) Un (=like Iran and un-Iran =Aryan and non-Aryan) Ic (=belonging to like Arabic, Milosovic, etc.) Mamal (Mameh) Chakra/Charka (charkh, like to the Persian wheel, etc.) Shire (shahr) six (shish) Lout (=Louti/Loudi) Pilaf/Pilan or Paella in Spanish (Poloh/Polo) Janissari (=Jan Nesari) Sour (=Shoor), Fairy (Pari/Fereshteh), Caviar (from Persian words “Kahv”=cake egg amd “Yar” = energy, meaning “Cake egg of strength” See “Panorama” Manila), Bronze (=Brenj), Chebulic Myrobalan (Bereng Kabuli), Achar (Pickle), Afreet (afrida/ afridi/spirit), Alorithm (Al-Khwarizmi; the Persian Muslim mathematician), Anger ( Angra minu/Ahriman/ evil spirit), Angel (Angaros, imperial Persian courier-Wikipedia), Arsenic (zarnig) Arya/Aryan, Aas (Poker game), Azur (Azul from Persian “lajward”), Babul (acacia “Arabica), Balcony (from Bala=above + Khana = house) Belushi (Baluchi/Baluch tribe of Persia) Ban (title for “governors of Croatia/ Balkans. Probably even “Bandera/Bandana etc.), Barbican (from Persian ‘Khameh/Khan=house), Beige, Bellum (Balam), Bezoar (paad – zahr =/antidote), Biryani (Beryan = roasted, grilled) Tandoori (from Persian Tandoor = oven/Kiln) Mithra (=the sun-god of the Persians) Morgha (from Morgh = Chicken) Boombast (from Persian “Pamba” cotton/ =inflated but empty), Bronze (from Persian Berenj/ copper) Brinjal (from badinjan/eggplant) Caftan, cannon (Kanoon), Calabash (=calabasa=kharbuza), Calean (=galyan, shishah water pipe), Calendar (=qalandar), candy (qand/qandi), Carafe (qarabah) Caravansary (=caravan – sara) Carcoon (Tarkash/Tir – kash), Cash (=karsha/Khordah), Chador (=scarf, veil) Cassock (kahz – ghand) Caviar (khaye = egg + yar= energy or dar=having), Ceterach (shitarakh), Chakra (charkh) Charpoy (char – paye) Checkmate (Shah – mat =/king astonished/ shocked/dead), Chess (=shah), Chick (chiq) Cinnabar (=zahjifrach), Coomb (from Gonbad = dome), Culgee (from Kalgi) Cummerbund (Kamar = waist + band = tie), Cushy (=Khushi), Diadem (=Headgear of the royalty) Deva (=Deev) Dervish (Darvish), Demitasse = (tasht), Doab (doh=two/ab=water=;and between two rivers) Dogana/Advana (Ad-Diwan = account book/customhouse), Emblic (Aamlah) Euphrates (=ufratu=sweet water/good to cross over) Ghee, Galingale (Khal-anjan) Gigerium (Gigar/Jigar) Gizzard (see Gigerium) Gunge (Genj) Jackal (shaghal) Jasmine (yasmine/yaas) Jujube (zayzakun) Juleb (gulab) Tulip (=doh – lab = two lips) Kabob (Kabab), Kaftan (Khaftan) Kambo (the warrior caste in India/Indochina ad Kambodia, related to Persian King Cambyses – Merriam – Webster dictionary and Encyclopedia Britannica) Karez (=Kareez, the underground water system), Kemancha (musical instrument) Kerana (musical instrument) Kenaf (fiber) khaki, Khoja (Khawja) Kiosk (kushk = Gushak = corner/pavilion/palace), Koohi Noor (Mountain of light) Kran (Quran/coin), Kurta (Shirt), Lac (shellac) Lamasery (from Persian seray = house like of caravasarai, etc), Larim (=lari) Lascar (lash-gar=army) Lemon (limooj), Lilac, Laari (the Maldivan coins from Laar of Persia), Manticore (mard + khor = man – eater), Murra, musk, Myrtle (=Moored/Aas) Naptha (naft) Neftgil (German from naft + gil = the gel of naft or Naptha clay) Nargil, Naan (bread) Papoosh (shoe from pa = leg + poosh = cover) Pasar (=Bazaar in Indonesia, Malaysia, etc) Pasha (prince /pad + shah = smaller king), Peach (from Persicum, like malum Persicum = Persian apple), Persea (kind of tree) Perse (=blue color) Percale (Pargalah type of

clothe), Fairy (pary), Pepper Pilaf (Polov), Pistachio (Pistah) Popinjay (parrot), Punjab (panj = fine + Aab = water = five rivers) Panjacila (five principles of Dr. Sukarno of Indonesia), Pyke (from Hindi Prayik from Persian payk = messenger / errand boy), Rank (vang=color/level by colors), Roc (Rukh/Bind) Rook (Rukh in chess) Rose, Roxanne (shinning/bright like Ruz=daytime), Road (=Ruud) Route (=Ruud) Tar (=Tarik) Samosa (Sambusa) sandal, Sandalwood (=Persian Sandal) Sandal (= see Sandalwood) Sapindales (spand/espand), satrap, scarlet, Scimatar (Shamshir), Syrah (=Shiraz wine) Sepoy (sepahee/soldier), Serendipidity (=the Persian term from Serendip or Cylone/ Srilanka) Serangho (Saray=inn) Serendipidity, Shabundar/Shabandar (shah=king/ruler + Bandar = port/harbor) shame (sharm), Sherry (from Jerez of Spain, ultimately from Shiraz of Persia), Sherryallies (shalwar) Sitar (three – stringed musical tool) spinach, Ginger (zawjabil/zingiber officinale Rosc), Sugar (Shaker) Suclat (saqalaat/woolen cloth) Tabor (tambur) Taffeta (Taftah/wollen) Taj Mahal (“the crown/the best of all buildings”) or “the crown Place”) Talc (talf) Tambour/Tambourine/ Tanbur, Tandori (of owen) Tapestry (from Taftan/Tabidan/Taab) Tar (she tar etc.) Tar (chemical from ka – tira/Qitra/Qitran) Tarboosh (sar – poosh/head gear/hat/cap) Tarragon (tarkhoon) Tass (tasht/cup) Tiara (Tara/seh – tara/star) Tiger (tigris/origin Persian) Tigris (pointed/sharp) Tiara (=Headdress of the Persian Kings, which was adopted by Alexander the Great; it is still used by the king of Oman, Brunei, Malaysia, Jibuti, etc.) Tulip (doh – lab = two – lips) Turban (dul – band see Webster) Typhoon (Toofan) Vispered (=veepers – the Avestan rituals) Zanza (music.senj) Tool (=dool, a bucket to fetch water) Caiesar/Kaiser/Tsar (=Persian Emperor Kasra, the first empire in history) Van (short for Persian classic Caravan) see Webster; Mezze (=Mazeh, starters in food) Calabasa or Calabash (=Kharboza) Amuch or Amok (=ultimatel, from A+Mokk, No+Brain) Aprhodite =Afviti/Afridi) Aloe (Ilwa/Lily) Slamandar (=Samandar) Tar (=Tar/Tarik) Sardin (=Sard) Myrtle (=Moord/Moort/Aas) Inter (=Antare) Enter (=Antare) Amaranath/Amarantheis (Amarantum/Amardad) Ace (=Aas) Ambrosia (=Ambariyah) Ambergris (=Ambari) Alcove (=Ala – Chiq) Baklava (=Baaflava) Salwar (=Shalwar) Sanjaree (=Sanjaree) Burgue (=Borj) Tone (=Dong/Dang) Bandle (=Band/Basteh) Cave (=qaaf) Caucasus (=Qaf – qaaz) Magna/Magnanimous/Magnanimity (=Magus/Magi) Sir (Sar/head/chief) Sacckhar/Saccharim/Saccharose (=Persian Shakar/Sugar) Serendipidity (=Sandib/Sarandip) Alcazar (=castle/ from Arabic Al + Qasr=from Persian Kasra/Emperor’s place) Asphalt (=Az-zoft in Arabic, ultimately from Persian “zoft”) Tar (gum) Saw/saving (=sawhan) Chase/Chastity (=Chisht and Chishti) Matador (=the killer, from Arabic Mata, but ultimately from Persian “Maat”) Mayor/Major/Magistrate/Majesty/Majestic etc. (=Magus/Magi) Lumber (=Lambar/Lanbar) Puff (=Poff) Dolma (=food=Dolmah) Lily (=Nili/Nilu-far) Kind as in kindish people (=Kard=did/Action also related to Carma) Carma (=Karma/Karna/kard/action) Hey! (=Aey!/Aya!) Korta (=Kurtah, origin of “Shirt”) Leg (=Leng/Lenga) Wine (=from old Persian “May”) Astarkhan = Haji-Tarkhan (the lamb and the city in Causcus from old Persia) Brinijal (=Baderjan) Orgue/Organ (Arg/Arghanoon) Shirwani (=of Shirwan an old Persian City in Caucasus/a jacket callet Nehru jacket which is Persian influence in India/Pakistan/Bangladesh, etc.) Day (=Day=Day-ruz. Also the name of the Persian month “Day” also “Din” in Hindi/Sanskrit) Apricot (=Barkuk/Gauja/Aaloo) Bronze (=Brenj/Brenji/Brenjin) Tazik (=Tazi from Taj, Persian for crown, someone who wears Taj/crown that the Aryans used to wear/Also Tajik people of Tajikistan/ Also the “Tazi” of Arabia in Shahnamah of Firdausi, the Persian royalty who migrated to Arabia several thousand years ago and established the caravans and the “first Cities” of Arabia, among the native Beduins of which the name “Medina/Madina” or city (=from “Medes/Mhads” the first people who started cities in the world) For details, see The Lexicon of Ali Akbar Deh-Khoda, under Tazi. Punch (=Ponch/Fonch) Gaz/Gaze (=Gaaz) Booz (=from Persian “Booza” which is also the origin of the well known Arabic ”Boodah”) Bacteria (=Baktar) Bangara (=Bangarah) Bhang (=Bang) Bezique (=Bazik=Bazi the Persian for “game”) Bezaar (=from Persian Pad-zahr) Bezoar goat (first domesticated animal in the World/in Persia) Balcony (=Bala Khooneh) Bora /Borate/Borated/Borax (=Burdah) Bore (=Boor) Bouquet (=Bogh-cheh) Boata (=Bot) Vaccine

(=of vacca=cow amd gao) Susan (=kind of lily or Nili, Nilu, Nilu-far) Garble (=Garbal/Gharbil/Gharbal) Gargle (=Ghar-ghar) Hurray/Hurrah (=Hura! From the Persian sun god “Hur” which is Khor and Khor-sheed, today) Zedoary (=zad-var) Musol (the old Persian/Kurdish City now on the borders of Iran with Iraq, but part of Iraq, today) from which the Muslim and Musselini are derived. Muskmelon (from the Persian word “Musk”) Two (Doh) Seh (=three) Four (Chahar/char) Fine (=Panj) Six (Shish) Hasht (=eight) Noh (“Nine”) Dah (=ten) Easy (=Asaan) Choreces (=from the Persian “Khoroos” the rooster) Tap (=tap-tap) Cuf (=carboy/Gharraba) Carboy (=cap) Gharraba (=Gharraba) Hermes (the Greek god) from the Persian god Hormozd or Ahura-Mazda, Demijohn (=Damjana/Dam-ghani or from Dam-ghan city of Persia/=carboy/Gharraba) Danub river (=from Danu people + Persian/Aryan word “Ao”=water/river, etc.) Shaman (=Ataman/from the Aryan/Persian origin) Carafae (=Qarrab/carboy) Spy/ Espionage (=the old Phalari word “Spaso”) and probably thousands more to be discovered in the future! Ether (=Azar as in Azarbaijan= Land of the fire temples/ also Aatash, like Aag, in Sanskrit; House (=Haosyanha= Hooshang, from the name of the legendary Persian King, who was the first to teach the cave man how to build a house for themselves , thus the work house was adopted from the name of the inventor Haosyanha.) Castle (=Qasar/Qasr/Kasra= the emperor of Persia, the first empire of the world, from whose name all other emperors got their title: Kaiser/Caesar/Tsar, etc.) Carnation (=Caran-fal/Qaranfal) Giraffe from Arabic Zarrafeh, from Persian Zar-ab/Zaraba Horn (=Carn/Qarn) Pedal/Pedate/Pede/Pedestal/Pedestrian etc. ( =Paa=Foot) Tarboosh/Tarbush ( =Sar-poosh/Headgear/Fez) Achchara (=Achar) Ember/Amber (=Anbar/Anbarin) Post/Posterior/Posterity (=Posht) Amuch/Amock (=A+mokh=No-brain) Ebony (=Abnus) Avatar (=Autad) Koftah (Koftah) Vir/Virility (=Vir/Vira) Hero/Heroine (=Vir/Vira) Award (=Wirdi) Word (=Werd/Do-a) God (=Khoda) Deka/Ten (=Dah,similar to Das in Sanskrit) Chapati (=Chapatee) Water (=Avad/Apat/Aab/Ao, as in Eau de cologne in French and Punjab (Five waters/rivers in India and Pakistan, Danub in Europe and Ao in Filipino languages like Mindanao, Davao, Lanao, Danao etc.

Persian Words in Filipino Languages

Q: 1. Are these words Qaum and nākhodā originally Farsi?A: Qaum = Arabic (Persian also) = tribe; relativesQ: 2. Would you know of a Farsi dictionary with historical etymology that is in English that I can use to refer to these words?

A: Check Iranian Lexicon of Deh-Khoda/Persian Dictionary/WikipediaQ: 3. Is there a reference book in English that can tell me in what languages these words have been borrowed?

A: Wikipedia/ English Borrowed Persian words- - - - -

Kauman or kawman = probably also the Holy City of Qom, comes from Arabic/Persian Kaum = relatives; tribe

means a group of people, clan, it’s from Arabic, qaum, with the same meaning [1].In Sama word kauman is derived from kaum+an, a locative affix in Philippine languages, or

means an enclave or settlement where a clan is cognatically related group [2].(Note: According to the late Dean Majul of UP Islamic Studies i.e. Dr. Caesar Adib Majul, there are some 600 words in Filipino languages of the Arabic and Persian origins, Examples:

1) The Names of the Days of the Week in Muslim South. (Look for the names of the days of the week)

Names of the Days of the Week in Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug:Monday = Isnim (= Ethnaym)Tuesday = Talaata (= Thalatha)Wednesday = Ar-baa (= Ar-ba-ah)Thursday = Khamis (= Khamees)Friday = Jomaa (= Jom-ah)Saturday = Saptu (= As-sabt)Sunday = Akad (= Al-Ahad)

2) words like: 1) Salamat 2) Akala 3) Alam 4) Labas 5) Kitil (Qatl) 6) Dilim 7) Mamatay (Maat) 8) Kuya (Khuya) 9) Ala Eh (=Allah Eh!) 10) Bastah (package, see Father English’s Tagalog-English Dictionary) 11) Alak (Araq) 12) Hayop (=Hayy =Living beings) 13) Warak (=a leaf of a tree or of a book, etc) 14) Kapre (=Kafir, unbeliever) 15) Takot (=Taqwa) 16) Hukum 17) Aba! ((=Aba! =strange, wonderful) See Persian Names p. 1) 17) Abayari (=Abyari = thin/dove) 19) Batya (= from Arabic Batya, but originally Persian meaning basin) 20) Sabao (=Shurba = soup/broth) Note: Even “Lugao” which is considered to be Chinese ends in “Au” which is Persian/Aryan word for water, like Lanao, Davao, carabao, as well as the “Eau de Cologne!” etc.

- - - - - EtymologyPersian nākhodā, from nāw, boat, + khudā, master.Yes Persian naw = Boat from which English Navy/Navigation/Navigator come.Khoda = Persian for God/god/Lord/Master/Chief

DictionaryIn India, the captain or master of a boat or vessel.Synomym: captain[1] The meanings of the terms kauman and nakhoda were obtained from my personal communication with my colleague from the University of the Philippines Prof. Maria Khristina Manueli of the Department of Linguistics[2] In Bahasa Melayu it means an ethnic group, i.e. …[of Bumiputera groups in Sabah (Bumi = Persian/Sanskrit word for Natives)] the third ethnic group [kaum] is the Badjau, Nagatsu, K. quoting from official high school textbook 2001:220). In some literature on the Badjau status (Chou, c.2005; Gusni, Saat, 2003; etc.), it is often cited that sendentarized Badjaus have attained higher status compared to those who seasonally live on houseboats and/or house-on-piles.

- - - - - Some more Persian words in Filipino

1) korma = dates (fruit, sweet)

2) komaw = kom-aw = jug of water (see Father English Dictionary of Tagalog-English)

3) Carabao/Cubao/Tamarao = Cow of Au = (Persian word for water (Water Cow/Buffalo))

4) All names ending in “Au” like Lanao/Davao/Maranao/Mindanao = is Persian word for water (like Eau de Cologne)

5) Maynilad = from Nila/Nilu, Persian for Lily

6) Pasay = from Turkish Pasha from Persian Padeshah (small king/prince) versus Shah (the Great King)

7) Alabang (probably from Allah Bang (Persian bang call of Allah/Azan for Muslim prayers)

8) Datu (chieftain) Persian, see Persian Names by Maneka Gandhi/India 1994 edition.

9) Cabin (Persian “marriage ceremony”) Cavin Du-a among the Tausugs

10) Mana/(Tagalog mana = similar/ka mukha) Persian related to the Persian prophet Mani (300 A.D.) See Persian Names (by Maneka Gandhi/India 1994)

11) Salakhod = Persian “kola-khod” special cap or headgear for Muslim Datus (like Nur Misuari style)

12) Barzanji (Muslim chants) religious songs

13) Darageen (epic songs of Mindanao) probably from Persian “Taraneh” = song/chants/epics, etc.

14) Abdan (water jug/small pool) in the entrance of the palace or mansions of Datus.

15) Pusa = cat in Filipino, probably from the Persian word “Puzah” which refers to the “snout” of the animal. Nguso in Tagalog or “snout” sounds very close to “Puzah” or “Puzeh” in old Persian.

16) Adarna (Ibong Adarna/Darna) The name of a big flying bird with long neck and legs, is a famous Persian bird.

17) Bata (= Persian = Bach-cha) a “child”

18) Manok (= Persian = Morgh (see “Persian Names”))

19) Sari-Manok (= Simorgh) see Shahnama of Firdausi – the story of Rustum x Sahrab

20) Bazar or Bazaar (= the Persian markets)

21) Labi (= Lab) - or lips

22) Lakad (= Lagad) – the legs/kicking with legs, etc.

23) Basta (Spanish, but ultimately from the Persian word “Bas” meaning “enough” or “enough already, stop!”) etc.

24) Ratu = same as datu, chieftain, priest, prophet

25) Bayad (=must, what is necessary)

26) Hatao (=At once, see Persian Names p. 165)

27) Yan (=Aan/Un)

28) Yin (=In/Hamin)

29) Ini (=Ineh!)

30) Warat (=Warat) see Amid Persian Dictionary

31) Pilikmata (=Pelke(chashm))

32) Yaya (=Daya/Dayeh)

33) Takuri (=Quri)

34) Bobo (=Babu)

35) Bato (=Batu/see Persian Names p. 84)

36) Kulong (=Kolun, a kind of lock in olden days behind the doors/gates, etc.)

37) Lugao (=the “ao” is definitely a Persian/Aryan word for water like Lanao/Davao/Carabao/Tamarao, as well as “Eau de Cologne!”)

38) Siopao (see Lugao explanation)

39) Sabao (=Shurba/Soup/Broth) See Lugao explanation

40) Wasak (=from Arabic, but ultimately from Persian)

41) Lahar (El-Khar = Khar-re = mud)

42) Mukha (=from Arabic, but ultimately from Persian)

43) Dangwa (=Dangua, Country, Land, see Persian Names p. 106)

44) Pasay City, from Turkish Pasha (=Prince) ultimately from Persian Padeshah (=small king/prince vs. Shah = the Great King). Pasay City was the city ruled by the son of Rajah Lakandula of Tondo, therefore it became “the city of the Pash” or Pasay City. (Note: Pasay Road in Makati City and several other similar names of places)

45) Pasig River – probably from “Pasa Ilog” (River of the Prince/Ruler or the “Prince of Rivers” from the Persian Pasha/Padshah (see Pasay City))

46) Marawi City – probably from the ancient Persian city of “Marv” or “Merv” which is now in the Central Asian Republic of Turkmenistan.

47) Cotabato (cota-bato or castle of stone) the word cota comes from a Persian word meaning “mound/castle” and “bato” is another Persian word meaning “stone/seeds of cherry etc.” like “buto” in Tagalog. (See Persian Names/India/1994 p. 84)

48) Butu = from Persian “Butu” = pill/seeds of cherry etc.

49) Dusa, from Persian word Duzakh meaning Hell/hardship. (see Tagalog-English Dictionary by Father English, National Bookstore, 2002.)

50) Ilao = light, probably from Persian sun god “Ra” or “Mitra.”

51) Araw = “Day or sun” probably from “Ra” or Mitra the Persian sun god (see Ilao)

52) Paa = from Persian word “paa” meaning leg (=like the Persian words of “pa-jamah” or pyjama the “cloth of legs.” See Webster)

53) Salawal = from the Persian word “Shalwar” (Also used in Indian, Arabic, and some other languages) meaning “pants.”

54) Nanay = from Persian word of endearment for mother (Note: Even mother is from Persian “madar”)

55) Tatay = father, from the Persian word “Dada” meaning “old man” or father

56) Salabat = from “Sharbat” in Arabic and Persian ultimately from the Persian “Shar-Ab” or “Zar-Ab” meaning “Golden water” or “wine.” Today it means also any sweet drinks (soft/hard). Even the English “syrup” comes from that Persian word “Sharbat.”

57) Bulul = the rice god of the native Filipinos, probably from “Boh-lul” a legendary Arabian/Persian mystic of the 8th century A.D. (contemporary of the Khalifah Harun Ar-rashid – 764-809 A.D.)

58) Batalla = Either from the Indo-Aryan (=Persian) “veda” or “vatara” who was a deity, or from Arabic “Baitullah,” “House of God”

59) Padre = from the Spanish for “priest” or father but ultimately from Aryan (=Iranian) word pedar/petar meaning “father.”

60) Madre = from the Spanish word “Madre” meaning “nun” or female Catholic religious worker, but ultimately from the Aryan (=Iranian) word “Madar” or mother.

61) Kaka = from the Persian word “Kaka” meaning elder brother (=from the Pahlavi-Avestan word of “Ha-Kha” as in the Ha-Kham or the “Ha-Kham-Ens” the Achamenian dynasty of Cyrus the Great – see Persian Names/India/1994 p. 156)

62) Kuya = from the old Persian “Ha-Akhu” or “Akhuy” meaning elder brother (see “Kaka” for details).

63) Hiya = from Arabic “Hayaa” meaning “shyness/shamefulness/shame.” It’s also used in Persian in the same meaning.

64) “Ao” = the most famous suffix in Tagalog language like: Mindanao/Lanao/Davao/Cubao/Carabao/Tamarao etc. All come from that Persian word “ao” for water.

65) Aub-dast = the Muslim word for Ablution (=wodu in Arabic) comes from the Persian word “Aa” (see “Ao”) and “dast” the Persian word for “Hand.” It means “washing hand for prayers.” (Note: Even Chinese Muslims in Hong Kong or the mainland China use Aub-dast. Even Eastern European Muslims in the Balkans and the former Yugoslavia say the same.)

66) Alabang = from two Persian and Arabic words of Allah (meaning God) and “Bang” (like the Big Bang), the Persian word for “call” (to prayer) meaning “To shout or inform the people for prayer to Allah). The towns of Alabang in Metro Manila and Malabang in Mindanao probably got their names from Allah + Bang!

67) Farman = the Persian word for “order/command/ruling.” It is used by the Muslim Filipinos to mean the “Teachings of the Holy Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.).

68) Iranon = the famous Muslim tribe of Mindanao probably from an “Aryan” ancestry or “Iranian.” Also take note of the “Iraya” festivals and the Irian-Jaya in Indonesia and Ireland (=Land of the Aryans) etc.

69) Hukum = the judge in Filipino comes from the Arabic word meaning “ruler” or “judge” but that also comes from the Hebrew “Ha-Kham” (=Rabbi/Judge) and finally from the old Persian Ha-Kham-Ems (=the ruler/protector of the people) see Persian Names p. 156

70) Araw ng Hukum = the Day of Judgment, both the words of Araw and Hukum are originally Persian (See Araw x Hukum for details)

71) Siyasat = the Filipino word for “investigation by government agencies,” probably from the Arabic/Persian origin of “syasat” which means “Governance/Policy/Politics/Punishment,” etc.

72) Panjtan = Either from the Indo-Aryan (=Iranian) “Panchait” meaning the “Village Council/Council of the Elders” or from the “Pantjan,” the “Five Holy Members of the Family of the Holy Prophet” about who the verse 33 of the Chapter 33 in the Holy Qur’an, was revealed.

73) Mano-Sya = A human being, a man, from the Indo-Aryan (=Iranian) “man.” “Mana” meaning “mind”/“Human.” (See Persian Names p. 259)

74) Manok = chicken comes from the Persian “manuk” and later on “Morgha” meaning “chicken.” See Persian Words p. 261

75) Sari-Manuk = from the legendary Persian bird of “Simorgh” which is in the famous Persian epic of Rustom and Suhrab in the Shahnamah of Firdausi.

76) Mana = the Tagalog word for “taking after” from the Persian word “Mani” (the Persian prophet) and “Mandan” meaning “similar to someone or something.” See Persian Names p. 259

77) Ito = Filipino for “This/this is . . .” from the old Persian origin of “Eton” meaning this (Note: Also in the Slavic languages like Russian it’s used as: “Eta” meaning this)

78) Tabo = from the Persian word “Aub-taba” = water holder or Taba for any container of water, food, etc.

79) Samar = probably from “Samar-kant,” the Ancient Persian City in Central Asia (Now part of Uzbekistan) which was named after the King Samar. (See Persian Names p. 390)

80) Ahon = probably from the Persian word “Ahon,” a cave or an underground way meaning a road, a path. (See Persian Dictionary of Ameed p. 77)

81) Sako = from the Spanish word saco = sac but ultimately from Persian.

82) Kalabasa, from the Spanish word calabasa meaning squash which itself comes from the Persian word “Khar-boza” (probably during the 700 years of Moorish rule in Spain, where most of the “Arab” scholars there were actually Persian Muslims, whose Islamic names and Islamic looks were mistaken as “Arabs across the board” as the word Saracin (=meaning Khorasanis or Persian Muslims in the Islamic Army) meant “Arab” to the whole world!

83) Ama = from the Persian word “Ama” (=God) See the Persian Names p. 27.

84) Manila = comes from the word May-Nilad which is the Persian word “Nila/Nilu/Nilufat” meaning Lily flower. So, May-Nilad means where Lily flowers grow abundantly.

85) Ustad (=the religious teacher or guru) comes from the same Persian word. The Filipino and Chinese Muslims use it for their religious teachers (Note: Even in Arabic, the same old Persian word is in use, today)

86) Palawan = probably from the Persian word “Palava” or “Palaba” or “Pahlavi” meaning “nobles/city people vs. villagers.” Even in India and Java and probably “Palao” in the Pacific Ocean, the words go back to the Persian tribe of Pahlavi (see “Hinduism” by H. K. Narayan, 2001)

87) Pagoda = the Buddhist Temple, comes from the Persian word “Bot-Kada” (=house of idol). See Webster Dictionary.

88) Abdan = the “water jar” in the entrance of the palaces of Datus in Mindanao comes from the Persian word “Aub” = water + Dan = place or “water holder.”

89) Barzanji or Barzangi = from the Persian word Bar + zang/zanj meaning religious chants about Allah, or about the Holy Prophet Mohammad or his descendants or the Sharifos in Mindanao.

90) Here are some Persian Names n the Filipino languages: 1) Rajah Humabon of Cebu from Indian-Aryan (= Iranian Rajah = Ruler) and Humayun the legendary Persian King. 2) Rustum 3) Sohrab 4) Cyrus 5) Darius 6) Parvin 7) Firdausi 8) Pasha 9) Xerxes 10) Firooza 11) Roxan/Roxana 12) Bandali (Banda Ali) 13) Panjatan 14) Mitra 15) Amil Hosain 16) Amil Hasan 17) Fariba

For more details please see this written article on “Persian Influences in South East Asia” plus the “Contribution of Persia to the World Civilization.”

Thanks and more power.Prof. M.S. TAJAR

Persian Words in Arabic And

In the Holy Qur’an

اللغة فی الفارسِی�ة الکلماتالعربية

الکریم القران و

در فارسی لغات فرهنگعربی زبان

کریم قرآن و

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همکاریحسنساعی با و

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التوفیق الله من

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