Desphilic PSR application notes on:

Persian tenses, verb tenses Persian type: standard Persian (Parsi of the book)

Document level: 1

(ZamAn hA ye PArsi)

Keywords:

Persian grammar, persian tenses, persian verbs, persian conjugation, Persian Standard

Romanization, Persian roman alphabet, Persian English alphabet, Penglish standard, fingilish

standard, Persian pronouns, PSR, Persian conjugation, Desphilic PSR, Romanization, Farsi, Parsi,

fargelisi, Persian separated pronouns, Persian connected pronouns, Persian subjective pronouns,

Persian conjugative pronouns, Persian of the book, Persian auxiliary verbs

0- Definitions and clarifications:

0-1 Persian persons:

There are six persons in Persian language listed in table 1:

Table 1- Persian persons

Number Person singular or

plural

Persian English

1 First Single man I

2 Second Single to you , (thou)

3 third Single uo he/she

4 First Plural mA we

5 Second Plural womA you

6 third Plural IwAn they

In Persian language, person is also implied in the verb and we have non-explicitly present

persons inside verbs.

0-2 Persian conjugative pronouns (Persian connected subjective pronouns)

There are six pronouns which connect to verbs and conjugate it according to a person and

for each of six persons 1 to 6 are:

“am, iy, ad , im , id , and “ respectively.

0-3 Persian verb root (Persian verb seed)

for each verb in Persian language, there exist 2 verb roots ( verb seeds).

One of these seeds (roots) is the present verb root and the other is the past verb root.

Verb root is extracted from a verb, by omitting conjugative pronoun.

1-Present tenses:

1-1 pure present: (mozAreu ue sAde yA wart iy)

Formula: present verb root+ conjugative pronouns

Example for this tense is listed in table 2.

Table 2- pure present form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

Present root: sAz

Persian conjugated verb

( pure present)

English meaning

First person singular sAzam I build

Second person singular sAziy you build

third person singular sAzad he/she builds

First person plural sAzim we build

second person plural sAzid you build

third person plural sAzand they build

Pure present form is used in questions and conditional (subjunctive) and imperative

sentences

Example:

begO tA savAr Avaram zAboli ke bAwand bA dewne ye kAboli

(Ferdowsi)

1-2 simple present: (mozAreu ue Exbari)

Formula: mi + present verb root + conjugative pronouns

Table 3- simple present form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

Present root: sAz

Persian conjugated verb

( simple present)

English meaning

First person singular mi sAzam I build

Second person singular mi sAziy you build

third person singular mi sAzad he/she builds

First person plural mi sAzim we build

second person plural mi sAzid you build

third person plural mi sAzand they build

simple present form is used in simple present time sentences, like its English counterpart.

man har rOz bA otobOs be dAnewgAh mi ravam.

(I go to the University by bus everyday)

1-3 Imperative present: (mozAreu ue EltezAmi)

Formula: be + present verb root + conjugative pronouns

Table 4- Imperative present form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

Present root: sAz

Persian conjugated verb

( Imperative present)

English meaning

First person singular be sAzam I build

Second person singular be sAziy you build

third person singular be sAzad he/she builds

First person plural be sAzim we build

second person plural be sAzid you build

third person plural be sAzand they build

simple present form is used in imperative and conditional sentences.

Example:

agar zOd be xAne be rasam wAm rA AmAde xAham kard.

( If I reach home early, I will prepare the dinner.)

1-4 present continuous: (mozAreu ue peyvaste)

Formula: conjugated auxiliary dAwtan +mi+ present verb root + conjugative pronouns

Table 5- present continues form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

Present root: sAz

Persian conjugated verb

( present continous)

English meaning

First person singular dAram mi sAzam I am building

Second person singular dAriy mi sAziy you are building

third person singular dArad mi sAzad he/she is building

First person plural dArim mi sAzim we are building

second person plural dArid mi sAzid you are building

third person plural dArand mi sAzand they are building

present continuous form is used in the same way as its English counterpart.

Example:

man hamaknOn dAram mAwin mi rAnam.

(I am driving a car just now.)

2- past tenses:

2-1 simple past : (mAzi ye sAde)

Formula: past verb root+ conjugative pronouns

Example for this tense is listed in table 6.

Table 6- simple past form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

( simple past)

English meaning

First person singular sAxtam I built

Second person singular sAxtiy you built

third person singular sAxt

(ad is omitted in past tenses)

he/she built

First person plural sAxtim we built

second person plural sAxtid you built

third person plural sAxtand they built

Simple past form is used in sentences in the same way as its English counterpart.

Example:

man dirOz be wOwtar raftam.

I went to shushtar yesterday.

2-2- past progressive: (mAzi ye EstemrAri)

Formula: mi + past verb root+ conjugative pronouns

Example for this tense is listed in table 7.

Table 7- past progressive form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

( past progressive)

English meaning

First person singular mi sAxtam I used to build

Second person singular mi sAxtiy you used to build

third person singular mi sAxt

(ad is omitted in past tenses)

he/she used to build

First person plural mi sAxtim we used to build

second person plural mi sAxtid you used to build

third person plural mi sAxtand they used to build

Past progressive form means something has been done in the past time during a period

which end of that period is in the past time. It is also used when something has been done

in the past time, several times in a row or in progressive steps.

Example:

man dar 12 sAlegi be kelAs ue musiqi mi raftam.

I used to go to a music class when I was 12.

2-3 present perfect: (mAzi ye naql iy)

(present perfect is counted as one of past tenses in Persian grammar)

Formula: past participle of verb (= past root+ e) + conjugated abbreviated auxiliary ast

Example for this tense is listed in table 8.

Table 8- present perfect form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

(present perfect)

English meaning

First person singular sAxte am I have built

Second person singular sAxte iy you have built

third person singular sAxte ast he/she has built

First person plural sAxte im we have built

second person plural sAxte id you have built

third person plural sAxte and they have built

Present perfect form is used in the same way as its English counterpart.

Example:

man wAm rA poxte am.

(I have cooked the dinner)

2-4 past perfect: (mAzi ye bauid)

Formula: past participle of verb (= past root+ e) + conjugated auxiliary bOd

(bOd= bod = past tense of ast)

Example for this tense is listed in table 9.

Table 9- past perfect form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

( past perfect)

English meaning

First person singular sAxte bOdam I had built

Second person singular sAxte bOdiy you had built

third person singular sAxte bOd he/she had built

First person plural sAxte bOdim we had built

second person plural sAxte bOdid you had built

third person plural sAxte bOdand they had built

Past perfect form is used in the same way as its English counterpart.

Example:

man wAm rA poxte bOdam.

(I had cooked the dinner)

2-5 past conditional: (mAzi ye EltezAmi)

Formula: past participle of verb (= past root+ e) + conjugated auxiliary bAw

(bAw is the imperative form for ast)

Example for this tense is listed in table 10.

Table 10- past conditional form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

( past conditional)

English meaning

First person singular sAxte bAwam (please, if, whether) I built

Second person singular sAxte bAwiy (please, if, whether) you built

third person singular sAxte bAw (please, if, whether) he/she built

First person plural sAxte bAwim (please, if, whether) we built

second person plural sAxte bAwid (please, if, whether) you built

third person plural sAxte bAwand (please, if, whether) they built

Past conditional form is used in conditional and imperative sentences.

Example:

agar dar xAne mAnde bAwad, cerAq hA rA xAmOw nistand.

If he has stayed at home, then the lamps should not be off.

2-6 past continuous: (mAzi ye peyvaste)

Formula: conjugated auxiliary dAwt + mi + past root + conjugating pronouns

(dAwt is the past form of dAr)

Example for this tense is listed in table 11.

Table 11- past continuous form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

( past conditional)

English meaning

First person singular dAwtam mi sAxtam I was building

Second person singular dAwtiy mi sAxtiy you were building

third person singular dAwt mi sAxt he/she was building

First person plural dAwt im mi sAxtim we were building

second person plural dAwtid mi sAxtid you were building

third person plural dAwtand mi sAxtand they were building

Past continuous form is used in the same manner as its English counterpart. If the

sentence has a direct object, it may come after conjugated dAwt verb

example:

hengAmi ke man dAwtam mi raftam, uo rA didam.

(I saw her when I was going).

man sAuat ue 10 dAwtam wAm mi xordam.

(I was eating dinner at 10 o’clock)

3- Future tense:

3-1 simple present: (Ayande ye sAde)

Formula: conjugated auxiliary xAh + past root

Example for this tense is listed in table 12.

Table 12- simple future form of sAxtan (to build)

infinitive: sAxtan

past root: sAxt

Persian conjugated verb

( past conditional)

English meaning

First person singular xAham sAxt I will build

Second person singular xAhiy sAxt you will build

third person singular xAhad sAxt he/she will build

First person plural xAhim sAxt we will build

second person plural xAhid sAxt you will build

third person plural xAhand sAxt they will build

simple future can be used as equivalent of its English counterpart.

example:

man Adres rA be to xAham goft

( I will tell you the address)

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