Permaculture 4
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Transcript of Permaculture 4
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8/13/2019 Permaculture 4
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Rainwater harvesting
Rainwater harvestingis the accumulating and storing of rainwater for reuse before it
reaches the aquifer.[22]It has been used to provide drinking water, water for livestock,
water for irrigation, as well as other typical uses. Rainwater collected from the roofs ofhouses and local institutions can make an important contribution to the availability of
drinking water. It can supplement the subsoil water level and increase urban greenery.
ater collected from the ground, sometimes from areas which are especially prepared
for this purpose, is called stormwater harvesting.[citation needed]
!reywateris wastewatergenerated from domestic activities such as laundry,
dishwashing, and bathing, which can be recycled on"site for uses such as landscape
irrigation and constructed wetlands. !reywater is largely sterile, but not potable
#drinkable$. !reywater differs from water from the toilets which is designated sewage
orblackwater, to indicate it contains human waste. %lackwater is septic or otherwise
to&ic and cannot be reused.
Sheet mulching
In agriculture and gardening, mulch is a protective cover placed over the soil. 'ny
material or combination can be used as mulch, stones, leaves, cardboard, wood chips,
gravel, etc., though in permaculture mulches of organic material are the most common
because they perform more functions. (hese include) absorbing rainfall, reducing
evaporation, providing nutrients, increasing organic matter in the soil, feeding and
creating habitat for soil organisms, suppressing weed growth and seed germination,
moderating diurnal temperature swings, protecting against frost, and reducing erosion.*heet mulchingis an agricultural no"dig gardening technique that attempts to mimic
natural processes occurring within forests, sheet mulching mimics the leaf cover that is
found on forest floors. hen deployed properly and in combination with other
+ermacultural principles, it can generate healthy, productive and low maintenance
ecosystems.[2][2-]
*heet mulch serves as a nutrient bank, storing the nutrients contained in organic
matter and slowly making these nutrients available to plants as the organic matter
slowly and naturally breaks down. It also improves the soil by attracting and feeding
earthworms, slaters and many other soil micro"organisms, as well as adding humus.
/arthworms till the soil, and their worm castingsare among the best fertili0ers andsoil conditioners. *heet mulching can be used to reduce or eliminate undesirable plants
by starving them of light, and can be more advantageous than usingherbicideor other
methods of control.[citation needed]
Managed intensive rotational grazing
!ra0ing has long been blamed for much of the destruction we see in the environment.
1owever, it has been shown that when gra0ing is modeled after nature, the opposite
effect can be seen.[2][23]'lso known as cell gra0ing,managed intensive rotational
gra0ing#4IR!$ is a system of gra0ing in which ruminant and non"ruminant herdsand5or flocks are regularly and systematically moved to fresh pasture, range, or forest
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-Rainwater_harvesting-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-Rainwater_harvesting-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_wetlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_(waste)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_mulchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-agroforestry-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-mason-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthwormshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm_castingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_conditionerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquiferhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-Rainwater_harvesting-22http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinking_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livestockhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stormwater_harvestinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greywaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wastewaterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructed_wetlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sewagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_(waste)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_wastehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardeninghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheet_mulchinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foresthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-agroforestry-23http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-mason-24http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthwormshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worm_castingshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_conditionerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_neededhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-25http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-26http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_intensive_rotational_grazing -
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with the intent to ma&imi0e the quality and quantity of forage growth. (his disturbance
is then followed by a period of rest which allows new growth. 4IR! can be used with
cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, chickens, rabbits, geese, turkeys, ducks and other animals
depending on the natural ecological communitythat is being mimicked.*epp 1ol0er
and6oel *alatinhave shown how the disturbance caused by the animals can be the spark
needed to start ecological successionor prepare ground for planting. 'llan *avory7sholistic managementtechnique has been likened to a permaculture approach to
rangeland management.[28]9ne variation on 4IR! that is gaining rapid popularity is
called eco"gra0ing. 9ften used to either control invasives or re"establish native species,
in eco"gra0ing the primary purpose of the animals is to benefit the environment and the
animals can be, but are not necessarily, used for meat, milk or fiber. [2:][2;][eyline designis a technique for ma&imi0ing beneficial use of water resources of a
piece of land developed in 'ustralia by farmer and engineer +. '. ?eomans. (he
Keylinerefers to a specific topographic featurelinked to water flow which is used in
designing the drainage system of the site.[]
Etymology
(he term permaculture #as a systematic method$ was first coined by 'ustralians%ill
4ollisonand @avid 1olmgrenin =;8:. (he wordpermacultureoriginally referred to
permanent agriculture[3]but was e&panded to stand also for permanent culture, as it
was seen that social aspects were integral to a truly sustainable system as inspired by
Aukuoka natural farmingphilosophy.
+ermaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against natureB of protracted
and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless laborB and of looking
at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single
product system."%ill 4ollison [8]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_successionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyline_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._A._Yeomanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Holmgrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-37http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_communityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepp_Holzerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Salatinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological_successionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan_Savoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holistic_managementhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-27http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-28http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-30http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-31http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-32http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-33http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-34http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyline_designhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P._A._Yeomanshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topographyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-35http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Mollisonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Holmgrenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-36http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_farminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocroppinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permaculture#cite_note-37