20 DAVID SUTTON PICTURES THE SMALL BOWEL AND PERITONEAL CAVITY
Peritoneum and peritoneal cavity
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The abdominal cavity,
the peritoneum
& the peritoneal cavity
By
Dr. Noura El TahawyFaculty of Medicine
El Minia University
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• Superficial
view of
• the abdominal
• organs
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Peritoneum
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• Sagittal section
through the
abdominopelvic
cavity
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• The larger part of the abdominopelvic cavity
• BOUNDARIES
• Superiorly: diaphragm
• Inferiorly: Pelvic inlet
• A large part is under the cover of the osteocartilaginous thoracic cage
• Walls are lined by the parietal peritoneum
Abdominal cavity
proper
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• Thin transparent serous membrane that consists of 2 layers:
• 1. PARIETAL PERITONEUM –lines the abdominal cavity
• 2. VISCERAL PERITONEUM –invests the abdominal viscera
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• Composed of a single
layer of squamous
epithelial cells
(mesothelium)
• The 2 layers are
separated by a capillary
film of peritoneal fluid.
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PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Definition
Peritoneal
Derivatives
From To
Ligaments Solid viscera Abdominal wall
Omentum Stomach Another viscus
Mesentery Parts of the intestine Posterior abdominal wall
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Peritoneal Derivative From To
Ligaments
Falciform ligament
Solid viscera
liver
Abdominal wall
Diaphragm and anterior
abdominal wall
PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Examples
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Peritoneal cavity
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• DEFINITION
• The potential space between the parietal and
visceral layers of the peritoneum
• MALES: closed cavity
• FEMALES: (+) communication with the
exterior through the reproductive tract
(fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina)
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• As the fetal
organs assume
their adult
positions, the
parietal cavity
is divided into
the 2 peritoneal
sacs:
1. the greater sac
2. the lesser sac
(omental bursa)
Divisions of the peritoneal cavity
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Peritoneal cavity
• GREATER SAC
• Main compartment of
the peritoneal cavity
• Extends from the
diaphragm into the
pelvis
• LESSER SAC
• Smaller
• Lies behind the
stomach
The communication between
the greater sac and the lesser sac is the
EPIPLOIC FORAMEN
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Peritoneal Derivative From To
Omentum
Greater omentum
Lesser omentum
Hepatogastric ligament
Hepatoduodenal
ligament
Gastrosplenic
omentum
(ligament)
Stomach
Greater curvature
Lesser curvature
Stomach
Another viscus
Transverse colon
Undersurface of the liver
Hilum of the spleen
PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Examples
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Greater Omentum
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Lesser Omentum & Lesser sac
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• Superficial
view of
• the abdominal
• organs
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• Sagittal section
through the
abdominopelvic
cavity
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Hepatogastric Ligament
Hepatogastric
ligament
Epiploic
foramen
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Contents: The Portal Triad
• Proper hepatic a , Portal v, Common bile duct
Hepatoduodenal Ligament
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Contents: The Portal Triad
• Proper hepatic a
• Portal v
• Common bile duct
Common
bile duct
Common
bile duct
Portal veinPortal vein
Proper
hepatic
artery
Proper
hepatic
artery
Boundaries of
Epiploic foramen
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Boundaries of Epiploic foramen
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Epiploic foramen
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Epiploic foramen
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Mesentery
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Peritoneal Derivative From To
Mesentery
Mesogastrium
Mesentery of the small
intestine
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon
Parts of the intestine
Stomach
Small intestine
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon
Posterior abdominal
wall
Posterior abdominal wall
Posterior abdominal wall
Posterior abdominal wall
Posterior abdominal wall
PERITONEAL DERIVATIVES: Examples
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Mesentery
of the small intestine
Transverse
mesocolon
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PERITONEAL ORGANS
INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANSRETROPERITONEAL ORGANS
When an organ is
almost entirely covered
by visceral peritoneum
When an organ is
partially covered
by visceral peritoneum.
The organ lies
behind the peritoneum.Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Pancreas
Part of the duodenum
Ascending colon
Descending colon
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PERITONEAL ORGANS
INTRAPERITONEAL ORGANSRETROPERITONEAL ORGANS
When an organ is
almost entirely covered
by visceral peritoneum
When an organ is
partially covered
by visceral peritoneum.
The organ lies
behind the peritoneum.Kidneys
Suprarenal glands
Pancreas
Part of the duodenum
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Primary peritoneal
organs
Secondary peritoneal
organs
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EXTRAPERITONEAL ORGANS
• Organs devoid of
peritoneal lining
• Rectum
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PERITONEAL RECESSES
• Subphrenic recess
• Hepatorenal recess
• Paracolic gutter
Description and significance
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SUBPHRENIC RECESS
• The existence is due to the complicated arrangement of the peritoneum in the region of the liver
• Right and left anterior subphrenic spaces
• Right posterior subphrenic space
• Right extraperitonealspace
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SUBPHRENIC RECESS
• Right and left anterior
subphrenic spaces
• between the diaphragm and the
Iiver on each side of the falciform
ligament
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SUBPHRENIC RECESS
• Right posterior subphrenic
space
• between the right lobe of the
liver, the right kidney and the
right colic flexure
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Anterior and Posterior
Subphrenic AbscessAnterior
Posterior
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SUBPHRENIC RECESS
• Right extraperitoneal space
• between the layers of the
coronary ligament
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HEPATORENAL RECESS
• Located between the
inferior surface of the
right lobe of the liver
and the right kidney
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PARACOLIC GUTTER
• Results form the
arrangement of the
ascending and
descending colons,
attachment of the
transverse mesocolon,
and the mesentery of
the small intestine to
the abdominal wall
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PARACOLIC GUTTER
• 4 gutters
• Lie in the lateral and
medial side of the
ascending and
descending colons
respectively
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PARACOLIC GUTTER
• Right lateral paracolic gutter
– In communication with the
right posterior subphrenic
space
• Right medial paracolic gutter
– Closed off from the peritoneal
cavity by the mesentery of the
small intestines
• Left lateral paracolic gutter
– Separated from the area
around the spleen by the
phrenicocolic ligament
• Left medial paracolic gutter
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PARACOLIC GUTTER
• Right lateral paracolic gutter
– In communication with the
right posterior
subphrencicspace
• Right medial paracolic gutter
– Closed off from the peritoneal
cavity by the mesentery of the
small intestines
• Left lateral paracolic gutter
– Separated from the area
around the spleen by the
phrenicocolic ligament
• Left medial paracolic gutter
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PARACOLIC GUTTER
• Right lateral paracolic gutter
– In communication with the
right posterior subphrenic
space
• Right medial paracolic gutter
– Closed off from the peritoneal
cavity by the mesentery of the
small intestines
• Left lateral paracolic gutter
– Separated from the area
around the spleen by the
phrenicocolic ligament
• Left medial paracolic gutter
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The Subphrenic Spaces
and the Paracolic Gutters
• Clinically important !
• Sites for the collection and movement of
infected peritoneal fluid
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