PERISTALTIC PUMPING OF COUPLE STRESS NON ERODIBLE … · Peristaltic pumping of couple stress fluid...
Transcript of PERISTALTIC PUMPING OF COUPLE STRESS NON ERODIBLE … · Peristaltic pumping of couple stress fluid...
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International Journal of Advance Research, IJOAR .org
Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2015, Online: ISSN 2320-9143
PERISTALTIC PUMPING OF COUPLE STRESS
FLUID THROUGH NON - ERODIBLE POROUS
LINING TUBE WALL WITH THICKNESS OF
POROUS MATERIAL USING MAGNETIC FIELD N.G.Sridhar Government First Grade College, Sedam, District Gulbarga, Karnataka, India Email: [email protected]
Abstract
This paper is devoted to study the effect of thickness of porous material on the peristaltic
pumping of couple stress fluid when the tube wall is provided with non- erodible porous
lining with magnetic field. Long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximation is
used to linearize the governing equations. The expression for axial velocity, pressure
gradient and frictional force are obtained by using Beavers-Joseph Boundary conditions.
The effect of various parameters on pumping characteristics is discussed with the help of
graphs.
Keywords:
Peristaltic pumping, Magnetic field, volume flow rate, pressure rise, couple stress fluid,
pumping Characteristics, Darcy’s law.
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1. INTRODUCTION:
Peristaltic pumping is now well known to physiologists to be one of the major
mechanisms for fluid transport in many biological systems. In particular, Peristalsis is an
important mechanism generated by the propagation of waves along the walls of a channel
or tube. It occurs in the gastrointestinal, urinary, reproductive tracts and many other
glandular ducts in a living body. Blood is a suspension of cells in plasma. It is a
biomagnetic fluid, due to the complex integration of the intercellular protein, cell
membrane and the hemoglobin, a form of iron oxide, which is present at a uniquely high
concentration in the mature red cells, while its magnetic property is influenced by factors
such as the state of oxygenation.
A number of studies containing couple stress have been investigated by Alemayehu and
Radhakrishnamacharya [1], Elshehawey and El-Sebaei [3], Raghunath Rao and Prasad
Rao [11], Sohail Nadeem and Safia Akram [19] and Srivastava [20]. Couple Stress in
peristaltic transport of fluids is studied by Elshehawey and Mekheimer [2]. The initial
mathematical model of peristalsis obtained by train of sinusoidal waves in an infinitely
long symmetric channel or tube has been investigated by Fung and Yahi [4] and Shapiro
et.al [18]. Peristaltic transport to a MHD third order fluid in a circular cylindrical tube
was investigated by Hayat and Ali [5]. Hayat et al. [6] have investigated peristaltic
transport of a third order fluid under the effect of a magnetic field. Effect of thickness of
the porous material on the peristaltic pumping when the tube wall is provided with non-
erodible porous lining has been studied by Hemadri et.al [7]. Jayarami Reddy et al. [8]
have studied the Peristaltic flow of a Williamson fluid in an inclined planar channel under
the effect of a magnetic field. Peristaltic transport of a Couple-stress fluid in a uniform
and Non- uniform Channels is studied by Mekheimer [9]. The consideration of blood as a
MHD fluid helps in controlling blood pressure and has potential for therapeutic use in the
diseases of heart and blood vessels by Mekheimer [10]. Peristaltic pumping of couple
stress fluid through non - erodible porous lining tube wall with thickness of porous
material Rathod, Sridhar and Mahadev [12]. Rathod and Sridhar [13] have studied the
peristaltic transport of couple stress fluid in uniform and non-uniform annulus through
porous medium. Effect of thickness of the porous material on the peristaltic pumping of a
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Jeffry fluid with non - erodible porous lining wall is studied by Rathod and Mahadev
[14]. Rathod and Sridhar [15] have studied the effects of Couple Stress fluid and an
endoscope on peristaltic transport through a porous medium. Rathod and Sridhar [16]
have studied the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluid through a porous medium in an
inclined channel. Ravi Kumar et.al [17] studied the unsteady peristaltic pumping in a
finite length tube with permeable wall. It is now well known that blood behaves like a
magneto hydrodynamic (MHD) fluid Stud et al. [21]. Subba Reddy et al. [22] have
studied the peristaltic transport of Williamson fluid in a channel under the effect of a
magnetic field. Vijayaraj et. al [23] studied the Peristaltic pumping of a fluid of variable
viscosity in a non-uniform tube with permeable wall.
In view of these, we investigate the peristaltic transport of a porous material on the
peristaltic pumping when the tube wall is provided with non- erodible porous line using
couple stress fluid with magnetic field. The Navier stokes equations are governed by the
free flow past the porous material and the flow in the permeable wall is described by
Darcy’s law. The axial velocity distribution, the stream function, the volume flow rate,
the pressure rise and the frictional force are calculated. The effect of thickness of porous
lining on the pumping characteristics is discussed with the help of graphs.
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION:
Consider the peristaltic transport of a couple stress fluids in a tube of radius ‘a’. The wall
of the tube is lined with porous material of permeability ‘k’. The thickness of the porous
lining is 1h . The axisymmetric flow in the porous lining is governed by Navier-Stokes
equation. The flow in the porous layer is according to Darcy’s law. In a cylindrical
coordinate system ( *r , *z ), the dimensional equation for the tube radius for an infinite
wave train is represented by
2( , ) ( )R H Z t a bSin Z ct
(2.1)
Where b is the wave amplitude, is the wavelength, c is the wave speed.
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Fig1. Physical Model
The transformation from fixed frame to wave frame is given by 2
; ; ( ) ( , );2
Rr R z Z ct p z P Z t (2.2)
Where, and are stream functions in the wave and laboratory frames respectively.
We assume that the flow is inertia- free and the wavelength is infinite.
In the wave frame, the equations governing the flow are
* * * * 2 *
* * * 2 2 * 2 *
* * * * * * *2
1{ } { ( ) } ( ( )) ( )
u u p u uu w r u u
r z r r r r z
(2.3)
* * * * 2 ** * * 2 2 * 2 *
* * * * * * *2
1{ } { ( ) } ( ( )) ( )
w w p w wu w r w w
r z z r r r z
(2.4)
* * *
* * *0
u u w
r r z
(2.5)
Where, 2 *
* * *
1( )r
r r r
*u and *w are radial & axial velocities in the wave frame, is density, *p is pressure,
is coefficient of viscosity, is coefficient of couple stress parameter , is electric
conductivity and is applied magnetic field.
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It is convenient to non-dimensionalize variables and introducing Reynolds number Re,
wave number ratio as follows:
2* * * * *
*
1* *
* ** * 2
2 * * * * 2
, , , ( ), Re , ,
,
, , ,
1 1, , , , ,B
B
a az r Q u ca hz r Q u p p z
a c ac c a
ww
c
hh
w kw Da u w l M
c a r z r r a
(2.6)
The equations of motion (2.3), (2.4) and (2.5) becomes (dropping the stars),
2
3 2 4
2
1Re { } ( )
u u p u uu w r
r z r r r r z
-
22 2 2 2
2( ( )) ( )u M u
(2.7)
22
2
1Re { } ( )
w w p w wu w r
r z z r r r z
- 2 2 2
2
1( ( )) ( )w M w
(2.8)
0u u w
r r z
(2.9)
Where, 2
Ma
is the Hartmann number and
2a
couple-stress
parameter.
Using long wavelength approximation ( <<1) and dropping terms of order it follows
from equation (2.7) and (2.8) becomes,
0p
r
(2.10)
2 2 2
2
1 1( ) ( ( )) ( )
p wr w M w
z r r r
(2.11)
The dimensionless boundary conditions are:
0,w
r
2
20
w w
r r r
at r = 0 (2.12a)
2
21 , 0B
w ww w
r r r
at r h (2.12b)
( )B
ww Q at r h
r Da
(2.13)
Where, Da p
QZ
, 1
2
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1
= Viscosity in the free flow region, 2
= Viscosity in the porous flow region
= Slip parameter
3. SOLUTIONS:
Solving the equation (2.10) and (2.11) using boundary conditions (2.12)-(2.13), we obtain
the velocity as
2 2
2 2
2 2 2
1 1 1
2 ( ( ) ) 2 Da 2 Da( 1) 1
(4 ) 4 4
X pXp r h pr pw
X M r X X
(3.1)
Where, 2 2 2
1 2
Da Da, 2 Da , ( ) 2( ) 4
dpp X M r X r h h
dz
Integrating the equation (3.1) and subjected to the boundary conditions 0 0at r ,
we get the stream function as,
3/2 4 2 2 3/2 3 2 2 2 2
1
2 3 6 2
2
1 1 1
4 4 3/2 6 42 2 2
2
2p (Da M r- DaM r -2Da M ArcTanh(Mr/2)+DaM Log(-4+M r )-S )-
Da M - DaM
S 2 S S-r -r 2r 2p Da -r 2 ( - )+p Da ( - - )- ( - )
DaM DaM Da M DaMDaM 2 DaM DaM
2p (h- ) (-2 DaM ArcTanh(Mr/2) (Log( -
2 2 2 2 44
1 2 2
4 2 2 2
224 2
3 3 3 32
2 2 3 6 2 4 3/2 6 4
2 2
3
4 2 2
-4+M r )-S )) S r S rp r- ( + - )
4DaM - 4M 16 4 2 2
2p (DaM Log(-4)-2 S ) 4S p Da 4S 4pDaSS r1 r r + ( - )+ - - + - +
4 4 2 2 Da M -DaM DaM Da M DaM
p(h- ) ( (Log(-4)-2S ))
2(DaM - M )
(3.2)
Where,
2 2 2
1 2 3 S =2 Log[ DaM r-2 ] , ( ) 2( ) 4 , S Log[-2 ]Da Da
S h h
The volume flux q through each cross section in the wave frame is given by
0
2
h
q wrdr
(3.3)
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22 2 3/2 2 2 2 3 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 2
4
2 2 2 2 2
6
( - )[- (32 -32 ( - ) ( - ) -4 ( - ) 8
8 4
32( - ) ( )) ( ( - )-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))) +
8( (h- )(4 + ( - ))-8 Log(-2 )+8 Log(-2 + M
DaM
(h -
p hq Da Da h h Da h Da
h DaM h DaM
DaM DaM h Da
2
4 2 2
2 2 2 3/2 4
6 2 2
8 (h- ) M(h- ))))+ (2 M ArcTanh( )+ (i +Log4-2Log(-2 )+
DaM -M 2
32 2Log(-2 + M (h - )))-Log(-4+M (h- ) ))) + (-Da hM +
DaM (-DaM + )
Da
Da
2 2 2 3/2 4 2 2 3/2 3
2 3 3 2 2 2 2
M(h- )iDaM + M h +Da M - M +2Da M ArcTanh( ) +
2
DaM Log4-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))-DaM Log(-4+M (h- ) ))]+
Da Da
Da
2 22 2
2 4
2
(h- ) (8Da + (h- ) +4 (-h+ ) ) 4 [(h- ) - ( ( - )-2 Log(-2 )
8 DaM
+2 Log(-2 + M (h - )))] (3.4)
DaDaM h
Da
Where, dp
pdz
From equation (3.4), we have
2 22 2
2 4
2
22 2 3/2 2 2 2 3 2 2
2 2 2
2
4
(h- ) (8Da + (h- ) +4 (-h+ ) ) 32[8 (8(h- ) - ( ( - )
DaM
-2 Log(-2 ) +2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))))]
( - )[- (32 -32 ( - ) ( - ) -4 ( - ) 8 ( - )
4
32( )) (
Daq DaM h
dp Da
hdzDa Da h h Da h Da h
DM
2 2
6
2 2 2 2 2
2
4 2 2
2
8( - )-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))) +
DaM
( (h- )(4 + ( - ))-8 Log(-2 )+8 Log(-2 + M (h - )))+
8 (h- ) M(h- )(2 M ArcTanh( )+ (i +Log4-2Log(-2 )+2Log(-2 +
DaM -M 2
M (h - )))-Log(-4+
aM h Da
DaM DaM h Da
Da
Da
2 2 3/2 4 2
6 2 2
2 2 3/2 4 2 2 3/2 3 2
3 3 2 2 2 2
32M (h- ) ))) + (-Da hM +iDaM +
DaM (-DaM + )
M(h- )M h +Da M - M +2Da M ArcTanh( ) +DaM Log4-
2
2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))-DaM Log(-4+M (h- ) ))] (3.5)
Da Da
Da
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Following the analysis given by Shapiro et al. [18], the mean volume flow, Q over a
period is obtained as
2
2(1 )2
Q q
(3.6)
Which on using equation (3.5), yields
2 2 2
2 2
2 4
22 2 2 2
2 2 2
3/2 2 2 2 3 2
(h- ) (8Da + (h- ) +4 (-h+ ) ) 32[[8( (1 ) ) (8(h- ) -
2 DaM
( - )( ( - )-2 Log(-2 ) +2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))))] / [- (32 -
4
32 ( - ) ( - ) -4 ( - ) 8 ( - )
dp DaQ
dz
hDaM h Da Da
Da h h Da h Da h
2 2 2
4
2 2 2
6
32( )) (
8( - )-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))) + ( (h- )(4 +
DaM
DaMM
h Da DaM DaM
2
2 2 2
4 2 2
8 (h- )( - ))-8 Log(-2 )+8 Log(-2 + M (h - )))+ (2 M
DaM -Mh Da Da
2 2
2 3/2 4 2 2 2 3/2 4 2
6 2 2
2 3/2 3 2 3 3
M(h- )ArcTanh( )+ (i +Log4-2Log(-2 )+2Log(-2 + M (h - )))-Log(-4+M
2
32(h- ) ))) + (-Da hM +iDaM + M h +Da M - M
DaM (-DaM + )
M(h- )+2Da M ArcTanh( ) +DaM Log4-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 +
2
Da
Da Da
D
2
2 2 2
M
(h - ))-DaM Log(-4+M (h- ) ))]] (3.7)
a
4. THE PUMPING CHARACTERISTIC:
Integrating the equation (3.7) with respect to z over one wavelength, we get the pressure
rise (drop) over one cycle of the wave as
1 2 2 2
2 2
2 4
0
22 2 2 2 3/ 2
2 2 2
2 2 2 3 2 2
(h- ) (8Da + (h- ) +4 (-h+ ) ) 32[[8( (1 ) ) (8(h- ) - (
2 DaM
( - )( - )-2 Log(-2 ) +2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))))] /[- (32 -32 ( - )
4
( - ) -4 ( - ) 8 ( - ) (
Dap Q Da
hM h Da Da Da h
h Da h Da h
2 2
4
32)) ( ( - )-2 Log(-2 )+2DaM h
M
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2 2 2 2 2
6
22
4 2 2
2 2 2
6
8Log(-2 + M (h - ))) + ( (h- )(4 + ( - ))-8 Log(-2 )+8
DaM
8 (h- ) M(h- )Log(-2 + M (h - )))+ (2 M ArcTanh( )+ (i +Log4-2Log(-2 )+
DaM -M 2
322Log(-2 + M (h - )))-Log(-4+M (h- ) ))) +
DaM (-
Da DaM DaM h
Da Da
Da
3/2 4 2
2 2
2 2 3/2 4 2 2 3/2 3 2 3
3 2 2 2 2
(-Da hM +iDaM +DaM + )
M(h- )M h +Da M - M +2Da M ArcTanh( ) +DaM Log4-2 Log(-2 )+
2
2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))-DaM Log(-4+M (h- ) ))]]
Da Da
Da dz
(4.1)
The pressure rise required to produce zero average flow rate is denoted by 0p and is
given by
1 2 2 2
2 2
2 4
0
22 2 2 2
2 2 2
3/2 2 2 2 3 2 2
(h- ) (8Da + (h- ) +4 (-h+ ) ) 32[[8( (1 ) ) (8(h- ) -
2 DaM
( - )( ( - )-2 Log(-2 ) +2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))))] / [- (32 -32
4
( - ) ( - ) -4 ( - ) 8 ( - ) (
Dap Q
hDaM h Da Da
Da h h Da h Da h
2 2
4
32)) ( DaM
M
2 2 2
6
22 2 2
4 2 2
2 2
8( - )-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M (h - )))+ ( (h- )(4 +
DaM
8 (h- )( - ))-8 Log(-2 )+8 Log(-2 + M (h - )))+ (2 M
DaM -M
M(h- )ArcTanh( )+ (i +Log4-2Log(-2 )+2Log(-2 + M (h - )))-Log(-4+M
2
(h
h Da DaM DaM
h Da Da
Da
2 3/2 4 2 2 2 3/2 4 2
6 2 2
2 3/2 3 2 3 3 2
2 2 2
32- ) )))+ (-Da hM +iDaM + M h +Da M - M
DaM (-DaM + )
M(h- )+2Da M ArcTanh( ) +DaM Log4-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M
2
(h - ))-DaM Log(-4+M (h- ) ))]]
Da Da
Da
dz
(4.2)
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The dimensionless frictional force F at the wall across one wavelength in the tube is
given by
2 2 22 2 2
2
2 21
4
22 2 3/ 2 2 2 2 3 20
2 2 2
(h- ) (8Da + (h- ) +4 (-h+ ) )( - ) [-8( -(1- ) - ) (8(h- ) -
2
32( ( - )-2 Log(-2 ) +2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))))]
DaM[( - )
[- (32 -32 ( - ) ( - ) -4 ( - ) 84
Dah Q
DaM h Da
Fh
Da Da h h Da h Da
2 2 2 2
4
2 2 2 2
6
22
4 2 2
32( - ) ( )) ( ( - )-2 Log(-2 )+2 Log(-2 + M
8(h - ))) + ( (h- )(4 + ( - ))-8 Log(-2 )+8
DaM
8 (h- ) M(h- )Log(-2 + M (h - )))+ (2 M ArcTanh( )+
DaM -M 2
(i +Log4-2Log(-2 )+2Log(-2
h DaM h DaM
DaM DaM h
Da Da
2 2 2
3/2 4 2 2 2 3/2 4
6 2 2
2 2 3/2 3 2 3
3 2 2 2 2
+ M (h - )))-Log(-4+M (h- ) ))) +
32(-Da hM +iDaM + M h +Da M -
DaM (-DaM + )
M(h- )M +2Da M ArcTanh( ) +DaM Log4-2 Log(-2 )+
2
2 Log(-2 + M (h - ))-DaM Log(-4+M (h- ) ))]
Da
Da
Da
Da
]
(4.3)
dz
5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:
In order to see the effect of various pertinent parameters such as the thickness of porous
lining ( ), amplitude ratio ( ), ratios of viscosities in the free flow region and porous
region ( ), Darcy number (Da), slip parameter ( ), couple stress parameter ( ) and
Magnetic parameter (M) on pumping characteristics have plotted in Figs. 2-15.
The variation of pressure rise p with average flow rate Q for different values of Da
with = 0.7, = 0.01, = 0.2, = 0.6, = 0.5, M = 1 is presented in Fig. 2. It is
observed that, in pumping region the time averaged flow rate Q decreases with
increasing Darcy number. Further, it is noted that smaller Darcy number, larger pressure
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rise. Fig.3. depicts the variation of on pumping characteristics with = 0.7, Da =
0.02, = 0.01, = 0.6, = 0.5, M = 1. It is seen that, an increase in increases the
pressure rise p against which the pumping works. In addition, it is noted that the flux
Q increases with increase of .The variation of pressure rise p with average flow rate
Q for different values of slip parameter with = 0.7, = 0.01, = 0.2, Da = 0.02,
= 0.5, M = 1 is presented in Fig. 4. It is observed that, an increase in the value of slip
parameter , decreases the pressure rise p .The effect of amplitude ratio on the
pumping performance is shown in Fig.5 with Da = 0.02, = 0.01, = 0.2, = 0.6,
= 0.5, M = 1, it is noted that, larger the amplitude ratio, greater the pressure rise against
which the pump works .i.e., p increases with increase in . Fig.6. shows the variation
of pressure rise p with average flow rate Q for different values of with = 0.7, Da
= 0.02, = 0.2, = 0.6, = 0.5, M = 2. It is found that, larger the thickness of porous
lining, greater the pressure rise against which the pump works. Fig.7. shows the relation
between the pressure rise p and averaged flux Q for different value of with = 0.7,
= 0.01, = 0.2, Da = 0.02, = 0.6, M = 1. It is found that in the entire pumping
region the volumetric flow rate increases with the increase in couple stress parameter.
Fig.8. shows the relation between the pressure rise p and averaged flux Q for different
value of M with = 0.7, = 0.01, = 0.2, Da = 0.02, = 0.6, = 0.5. It is
observed that, an increase in the value of Magnetic parameter M, decreases the pressure
rise p .
The variation of friction force F with averaged flow rate Q under the influence of all
emerging parameters such as Da, , , , , ,M. It is observed that the effect of all
the parameters on friction force are opposite to the effects on pressure with the averaged
flow rate is shown in figs. 9-15.
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Fig.2. Effect of Da on p when =0.7, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
Fig.3. Effect of µ on p when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
Fig.4. Effect of on p when =0.7, Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
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Fig.5. Effect of on p when Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
Fig.6. Effect of on p when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.5,M=2
Fig.7. Effect of on p when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01,M=1
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Fig.8. Effect of M on p when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5
Fig.9. Effect of on F when Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
Fig.10. Effect of Da on F when =0.7, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
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Fig.11. Effect of on F when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.2,M=1
Fig.12. Effect of on F when =.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
Fig.13. Effect of µ on F when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5,M=1
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Fig.14. Effect of on F when =.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, M=1
Fig.15. Effect of M on F when =0.7,Da=0.02, =0.2, =0.6, =0.01, =0.5
6. CONCLUSION:
In this analysis peristaltic transport of a porous material on the peristaltic pumping when
the tube wall is provided with non- erodible porous line using couple stress fluid with
magnetic field has been studied. We conclude the following observations:
Pressure with average flow rate
Q
Pressure decreases with increase in Da, & M and Pressure increases with
increasing in , , & .
Friction force with average flow rate
Q
It is observed that the effects of the parameters on friction force are opposite to the
effects on pressure with the averaged flow rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCE RESEARCH, IJOAR .ORG ISSN 2320-9143 23
IJOAR© 2015 http://www.ijoar.org
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT:
The author is highly grateful to the reviewers for careful reading of the manuscript and
for valuable suggestions. The present work is part of the Minor Research Project (plan)
[Grant No.: MRP(S)-0435/13-14/KAGU056/UGC-SWRO, Date: 28-Mar-14] sponsored
by the UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISSION (UGC), Bangalore, Karnataka,
India.
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