Peristaltic pump by rinoraj
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Transcript of Peristaltic pump by rinoraj
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1 RINO RAJ
P7- 457,SCTCE.
PERISTALTIC PUMP
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INDEX1. INTRODUCTION
2. DESCRIPTION OF PUMP
3. WORKING OF PUMP
4. TYPE OF PUMPS
5. TUBE SELECTION FACTORS
6. TUBING MATERIALS
7. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
8. APPLICATIONS
9. CONCLUTION
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INTRODUCTION
1. Peristaltic pump is a positive displacement pump, used for a variety of fluids.
2. Fluids include a wide range of viscous materials that cannot be pumped by common pumps.
3. Fluids flow through a flexible tube fitted inside a circular casing.
4. The casing has a central rotor on which a number of ‘rollers’ or ‘shoes’ are attached.
5. The rollers push the fluids through the tube by physically compressing the tube.
6. The rollers does not come in direct contact with the fluid, and so it is used where fluids should be clean and cross contamination should not occur.
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DESCRIPTION OF THE PUMP1. The peristaltic pump has a hollow curved casing having
semicircular or 360 degree rotation. Casing is mainly steel.
2. Inside the casing there is the tube, placed along the curved surface. Silicone tube is the most used type.
3. At the center there is the rotating spindle on which rollers are attached. Rollers may be fixed radially outward or in a concentric manner. Roller edges should be very smooth to prevent wear or tear on the tube surface.
4. Inlet and outlet valves are also provided sometimes.
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WORKING OF PUMP Priming should be done. Fluid enters the casing cavity via tubing. There are rollers inside the tubing attached on the central
spindle. These spindles are rotated by suitable motors. The rollers are under squeezing contact with the peristaltic
tubing. The fluid that enters the tubing are physically pushed or
squeezed away by the roller, towards the outlet. The rate of fluid flow can be increased by increasing the
roller rotary speed.
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ANIMATIC REPRESENTATION
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TYPES OF PERISTALTIC PUMP
1) HOSE PUMP Hose pumps work under high pressure, up to 10 bars. Casing and rollers are filled with lubricant to prevent
abrasion and to dissipate heat. Reinforced tubes called ‘hoses’ are used and hence the
name ‘hose pump’.
2) TUBE PUMP Low pressure type Casing and rollers are dry and use non-reinforced tube. work below 5bars.
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3) 360 DEGREE ECCENTRIC DESIGN The casing has a full 360 degree inner cavity There is only one roller fitted on an eccentrically
arranged shaft, compressing a low friction tube.
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BENEFITS OF 360 DESIGN
More flow per revolution Only one compression and expansion per cycle At similar performance points this design pump
runs more slowly, thus longer tube life can be achieved , than pumps with multiple shoes or rollers.
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TUBE SELECTION FACTORS
Peristaltic pump is increasing in popularity because of its contamination free fluid transfer . Each application has its own type of tube material. So when designing, tube material selection, is an important factor. The factors are
1) Chemical compatibility
2) Pressure
3) Temperature
4) Dimension
5) Tolerance
6) Life expectancy
7) Gas permeability
8) Transparency
9) Regulatory approval
10) Cost
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1) Chemical compatibility Tubing material should be compatible with the fluid
chemistry. There are compatibility charts created by manufacturers. Even if one tube material is chemically compatible
sometimes it may not be withstand the stresses created by the rollers.
If not compatible, it may cause failure and leakage. Even trace amounts of some acids can cause failure,
though the main ingredient does not. To check the compatibility ‘immersion test’ is done. Poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene(PTFE) is a material that can
withstand may known industrial chemicals.
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2) Pressure Pump applications can be limited by the pressure
capabilities of the tubing. Typical pressure ranges are 1bar and 5bar. Silicone is the material with the lowest pressure working
capabilities and Neoprene with the highest. Recently developed materials can stand up to 10bars. While designing the engineer should ensure that the
average pressure in the system does not exceed the working pressure in the tube, or else there is a chance of rupture or leakage.
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3) Temperature Chemical fluids may not have any effect on tubing at
room temperatures. At high or elevated temperatures the chemicals can
attack the tubing material. So the compatibility of the tubing at varying
temperatures should be noticed. The type of chemicals that pass through and its effects
on varying temperature should be studied and a suitable tubing material should be selected from the charts.
Silicone is a typical material that can work on broad temperature differences.
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4) Dimensions Size of the tubing is directly proportional to the rate of
flow. The wall thickness determines the ability of the tube to
spring back to its original shape (elasticity). Undersized tubes may lead in insufficient flow since the
rollers do not come in close contact with the tube. If an Oversize tube is used the excess material can get
pinched between the rollers and cause premature failure.
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5) Tolerance Tolerance measures variance in dimensions. Close
tolerance-give better performance i.e. greater compatibility and repeatability. Great tolerance cause unpredictability.
6) Tubing life expectancy Material with longer life, is economical, in long run. Engineers should know the life span of a given material. This knowledge help in taking preventive measures , or
calculating maintenance time to replace tubing before it fails.
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7) Transparency Decides whether fluid should be seen. If the fluid is sensitive
to light opaque tubing material should be selected. If transparent we can detect the absence of flow, Presence of
air bubbles, particulates or contaminants in the tubing. Materials like Tygon or Silicone are used for transparent
tubing.
8) Gas permeability For gas sensitive liquids, the tubing material should be least
permeable to gases to prevent oxidation and cell culture. Silicone is a highly permeable material while thermoplastics
are impermeable and so used. A less permeable material will prevent problems associated
with exposing fluid to air.
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9) Regulatory approval The final tube product (pharmaceutical applications) should
be inspected for specific standards and guidelines. Some of approval associations are United states
pharmacopoeia (USP) , European pharmacopoeia (EP), US food and drug administration (FDA), National sanitation foundation (NSF).
10) Cost Cost is an last but not least factor of tube selection. Selecting a cheap material is not economical as its life span
may be low and material with great life might be costly. So selecting the right material with least loss is essential.
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TUBING MATERIALSThere are several material now available
for tubing they are
1. MARPRENE
Marprene is a thermoplastic material. It is an exclusive product made by the Watson-Marlow Bredel’s tube manufacturing company. Its features are
wide chemical compatibility, resistant to oxidizing agents like ozone compounds.
Opaque to visible and ultra-violet rays Has low permeability to gases like oxygen , carbon dioxide
and nitrogen
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2. BIOPRENE Bioprene offer similar benefits as marprene Bioprene has longer life span It can handle fluid temperatures upto 80 degrees Bioprene can be sterilized with ethylene oxide or gamma
irradiations.
3) SILICONE Is the widely used laboratory tubing. Mainly used for small tubing bore ( upto 9.6mm). Platinum-curing is provided to prevent contamination to the
fluid. This material is used in medical devices,
chemical analysis etc.
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4) NEOPRENE Useful for abrasive slurries Sustained pressure applications bore sizes above 12.6mm As neoprene has a greater permeability, marprene is
mostly used.
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ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES Non contamination Inexpensive to manufacture Low maintenance Easy to sterilize Cost effective operation
DISADVANTAGES operator need good knowledge. Selection of tubes for the required purposes can be
sometimes difficult. Tube life is limited.
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APPLICATIONS OF PERISTALTIC PUMP
Dialysis machine Open-heart by pass machines Sewage sludge Analytical chemistry experiments Food manufacturing industries Pharmaceutical production Construction-pumping cement Pulp and paper industries Aquariums ; etc.
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CONCLUTION
Peristaltic pumps have become a critical and reliable part of processes ranging from chemical transfer to pharmaceutical processing to wastewater treatment. Their versatility and ease of use has helped them meet a multitude of fluid-handling challenges.
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REFFERENCE
www.peristalticpump.info www.wikipedia.com www.vectorpumps.com www.lplc.com
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