Peripherals of a computer:

Monitor

The monitor displays the video and graphics information generated by the computer through the video card. Monitors are very similar to televisions but usually display information at a much higher resolution.

The Monitor is Also Known As: screen, display, video display, video screen

Keyboard

The keyboard is an input device designed to enter text, characters and other commands into a computer or similar device.

Modern computer keyboards were modeled after, and are still very similar to, classic typewriter keyboards. Many different keyboard layouts are available around the world but most keyboards are of the QWERTY type.

Many keyboards are wireless, communicating with the computer via Bluetooth or an RF receiver.

Mouse

The mouse is an input device designed to manipulate objects on the computer screen.The Mouse is Also Known As: pointer

Cabinet

Computer cabinets are fitted with doors and side panels (which may or may not be removable). Cabinets enclose a rack, which is a frame that provides a means for mounting electronic equipment. Cabinets come in a variety of styles, colors, and many contain baffles, fans, and other features.

SMPS

SMPS stands for Switched Mode Power Supply. It is basically a power supply unit in everything from TVs to LCD monitors, camcorders to printers and fax machines. It's been in use in the military before it made its way into consumer electronics.

A Switched-mode power supply (also Switching-mode power supply, SMPS, or simply Switcher) is an electronic Power Supply Unit (PSU) that incorporates a switching regulator in order to provide the required output voltage. An SMPS is actually a power converter that transmits power from a source (e.g., a battery or the electrical power grid) to a load (e.g., a personal computer) with ideally no loss. The function of the converter is to provide a reliable output voltage often at a different level than the input voltage.

ATX Cable

ATX (Advanced Technology eXtended) is a motherboard form factor specification developed by Intel in 1995 to improve on previous de facto standards like the AT form factor. mains voltage switch with the four pins connected to wires from a four-core cable.

Male connectors

A male connector is a connector attached to a wire, cable, or piece of hardware, having one or more exposed, unshielded electrical terminal s, and constructed in such a way that it can be inserted snugly into a receptacle ( female connector ) to ensure a reliable physical and electrical connection . This type of connector is also known as a plug. A male connector can be recognized by the fact that, when it is disconnected or removed, the unshielded electrical prongs are plainly visible.

The most common male connector is a two- or three-prong plug attached to the end of the cord for an electrical appliance.

Female Connectors

A female connector is a connector attached to a wire, cable, or piece of hardware, having one or more recessed holes with electrical terminals inside, and constructed in such a way that a plug with exposed conductors ( male connector ) can be inserted snugly into it to ensure a reliable physical and electrical connection . A female connector is also known as a jack, outlet, or receptacle. This type of connector can be recognized by the fact that, when it is disconnected or removed, the electrical conductors are not directly exposed, and therefore are not likely to make accidental contact with external objects or conductors.

The most common female connector is a two- or three-prong electrical outlet, also known as a wall outlet. 

Motherboard

The motherboard serves to connect all of the parts of a computer together. The CPU, memory, hard drives, optical drives, video card,sound card and other ports and expansion cards all connect to the motherboard directly or via cables.

The motherboard can be thought of as the "back bone" of the computer.

Processor

The processor (CPU, for Central Processing Unit) is the computer's brain. It allows the processing of numeric data, meaning information entered in binary form, and the execution of instructions stored in memory. 

Heat Sink fan

A component designed to lower the temperature of an electronic device by dissipating heat into the surrounding air. All modern CPUs require a heat sink. Some also require a fan. A heat sink without a fan is called a passive heat sink; a heat sink with a fan is called an active heat sink. Heat sinks are generally made of an aluminum alloy and often have fins.

North Bridge

The northbridge is part of a family of Intel microchips, used to manage data communications between a CPU and a motherboard within Intel chipsets based on Intel's

Hub Architecture. It is designed to be paired with a second support chip known as a southbridge.The northbridge has historically been one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a PC motherboard, the other being the southbridge. Increasingly these functions have migrated to the CPU chip itself, beginning with memory and graphics controllers.

South Bridge

The southbridge is one of the two chips in the core logic chipset on a personal computer (PC) motherboard, the other being thenorthbridge. The southbridge typically implements the slower capabilities of the motherboard in a northbridge/southbridge chipsetcomputer architecture. In Intel chipset systems, the southbridge is named Input/Output Controller Hub (ICH). AMD, beginning with itsFusion APUs, has given the label FCH, or Fusion Controller Hub, to its southbridge.The southbridge can usually be distinguished from the northbridge by not being directly connected to the CPU.

CMOS

Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) is a technology for constructing integrated circuits. CMOS technology is used in microprocessors, microcontrollers, static RAM, and other digital logic circuits. CMOS technology is also used for several analog circuits such as image sensors (CMOS sensor), data converters, and highly integrated transceivers for many types of communication. Frank Wanlass patented CMOS in 1967.

RAM

RAM is an acronym for random access memory, a type ofcomputer memory that can be accessed randomly; that is, any byte of memory can be accessed without touching the preceding bytes. RAM is the most common type of memory found in computers and other devices, such asprinters.

CD – ROM

A CD-ROM  is a pre-pressed compact disc which contains data. The name is an acronym which stands for "Compact Disc Read-only memory". Computers can read CD-ROMs, but cannot write on them.CD-ROMs are popularly used to distribute computer software, including video games and multimedia applications, though any data can be stored (up to the capacity limit of a disc). Some CDs hold both computer data and audio with the latter capable of being played on a CD player, while data (such as software or digital video) is only usable on a computer (such as ISO 9660 format PC CD-ROMs). These are called enhanced CDs.

BIOS

BIOS is a chip located on all motherboards that contain instructions and setup for how your system should boot and how it operates. In the picture to the right, is an example of what a BIOS chip may look like on your computer motherboard. In this example, this is a picture of an AMIBIOS, a type of BIOS manufacture by the AMI another good example of a BIOS manufacturer is Phoenix.

Hard Disk

A hard disk is part of a unit, often called a "disk drive," "hard drive," or "hard disk drive," that stores and provides relatively quick access to large amounts of data on an

electromagnetically charged surface or set of surfaces. Today's computers typically come with a hard disk that contains several billion bytes (gigabytes) of storage.

CD Drive

In computing, an optical disc drive (ODD) is a disk drive that uses laser light or electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data to or from optical discs. Some drives can only read from discs, but recent drives are commonly both readers and recorders, also called burners or writers. Compact discs, DVDs, and Blu-ray discs are common types of optical media which can be read and recorded by such drives. Optical drive is the generic name; drives are usually described as "CD" "DVD", or "Blu-ray", followed by "drive", "writer", etc.

Jumper Pin

In electronics and particularly computing, a jumper is a short length of conductor used to close a break in, or bypass part of, an electrical circuit. Jumpers are typically used to set up or configure printed circuit boards, such as the motherboards of computers.

SATA cable

Serial ATA (SATA) is a computer bus interface that connects host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives. Serial ATA replaces the older AT Attachment standard (ATA; later referred to as Parallel ATA or PATA), offering several advantages over the older interface: reduced cable size and cost (seven conductors instead of 40), native hot swapping, faster data transfer through higher signalling rates, and more efficient transfer through an (optional) I/O queuing protocol.

PCI Slots

PCI slots are general purpose slots that take a wide variety of cards, such as network cards and sound cards. They only run at 33MHz and are slowly becoming obsolete as more cards are now being made for the newer and faster PCI Express slots instead. When PCI slots appeared in computers they replaced ISA slots, which you will only find in older PCs.

VGA Cable

A Video Graphics Array (VGA) connector is a three-row 15-pin DE-15 connector. The 15-pin VGA connector is found on many video cards, computer monitors, and high definition television sets. On laptop computers or other small devices, a mini-VGA port is sometimes used in place of the full-sized VGA connector.

Speakers

Computer speakers, or multimedia speakers, are speakers external to a computer, that disable the lower fidelity built-in speaker. They often have a low-power internal amplifier. The standard audio connection is a 3.5 mm (approximately 1/8 inch) stereo phone connector often color-coded lime green (following the PC 99 standard) for computer sound cards.

Printer

In computing, a printer is a peripheral which produces a representation of an electronic document on physical media such as paper or transparency film. Many printers are local peripherals connected directly to a nearby personal computer. Individual printers are often designed to support both local

and network connected users at the same time. Some printers can print documents stored on memory cards or from digital cameras and scanners.

Parallel ports

A parallel port is a type of interface found on computers (personal and otherwise) for connecting peripherals. In computing, a parallel port is a parallel communication physical interface. It is also known as a printer port or Centronics port. It was a de facto industry standard for many years, and was finally standardized as IEEE 1284 in the late 1990s, which defined a bi-directional version of the port. Today, the parallel port interface is seeing decreasing use because of the rise of Universal Serial Bus (USB) and FireWire (IEEE 1394) devices, along with network printing using Ethernet.

Serial Ports

In computing, a serial port is a serial communication physical interface through which information transfers in or out one bit at a time (in contrast to a parallel port). Throughout most of the history of personal computers, data was transferred through serial ports connected the computer to devices such as terminals and various peripherals.

NIC Card

A network interface controller (NIC) (also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.

Graphic Card

A video card (also called a video adapter, display card, graphics card, graphics board, display adapter or graphics adapter) is an expansion card which generates a feed of output images to a display. Most video cards offer various functions such as accelerated rendering of 3Dscenes and 2D graphics, MPEG-2/MPEG-4 decoding, TV output, or the ability to connect multiple monitors (multi-monitor).

LAN Card

With the increasing use of the computers and the networking the local area network of the LAN is one such network type which links the two computers in a connection.

For this connection a Local area network card or the LAN card is required which enables the connection of the computers in a network. It is a piece of hardware which is connected inside the PC linking the computer network.

USB

Universal Serial Bus (USB) is an industry standard developed in the mid-1990s that defines the cables, connectors and communications protocolsused in a bus for connection, communication and power supply between computers and electronic devices.

Disassembling of a Personal Computer

To disassemble a computer you must first make sure the computer is completely shut off and unplugged from everything. Then push the power button a few times to drain the power out of the board. 

WARNING: NOT USING THE RIGHT TOOLS WILL CAUSE PERMINENT DAMAGE TO A COMPUTER!!!!! 1. In the rear of the PC there will either be a release lever or screws to take the covers off. Do what is necessary to remove the side panels. 2.  You will need to wear an anti-static wrist band and have an anti-static mat grounded and connected properly. Without these you can transfer your static to the motherboard and cause permanent damage! 3. Locate the motherboard battery, This usually looks like a large silver quarter sized disc held in by clips or springs, Once located remove the battery! 4. Disconnect all wires from the motherboard leading to the power supply, switches, hard drives, CD/DVD/Blue-ray/Floppy drives, front USB and fan cables. ALL parts should be placed on the anti-static mat!!! 5. Remove all PCI, PCI-E and any other slotted removable cards or adaptors. 6. Locate the mounting screws for the hard drive(s) and other removable devices and remove them from the computer. Note! some computers have a release or separate set of screws for the docking bays that you may have to remove first in order to remove the devices.. 7. Locate and remove the screws on the power supply on the rear of the computer and the PCI slot covers and remove the power supply from inside the computer. 8. Locate the screws from the motherboard and remove them carefully, remove the motherboard stand offs as well, then remove the motherboard. 

Assembling of a Personal Computer

To reassemble just follow the steps in reverse order.