1

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Abbreviations

1144 MMaarrcchh 22001111 NNoo.. 22

PPEERRIIOODDIICCAALL RREEPPOORRTT OONN PPOOPPPPYY EERRAADDIICCAATTIIOONN VVEERRIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN IINN AAFFGGHHAANNIISSTTAANN

MMiinniissttrryy ooff CCoouunntteerr NNaarrccoottiiccss,, IIssllaammiicc RReeppuubblliicc ooff AAffgghhaanniissttaann,, KKaabbuull aanndd

UUnniitteedd NNaattiioonnss OOffffiiccee oonn DDrruuggss aanndd CCrriimmee,, KKaabbuull

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Abbreviations GPS: Global Positioning System GLE: Governor-led Eradication MCN: Ministry of Counter Narcotics UNODC: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime AGE: Anti Government Elements ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The following organizations and individuals contributed to the implementation of the 2011 Opium Poppy Eradication Verification and to the preparation of this report:

Ministry of Counter-Narcotics: Mohammad Ibrahim Azhar (Deputy Minister), Haroon Rashid Sherzad (Director General), Policy & Coordination, Mir Abdullah (Director of Survey and Monitoring Directorate), Saraj Ahmad (Deputy Director of Survey and Monitoring Directorate). Survey Coordinators: Eshaq Masumi (Central Region), Abdul Mateen (Eastern Region), Abdul Latif Ehsan (Western Region), Fida Mohammad (Northern Region), Mohammed Ishaq Anderabi (North-Eastern Region), Khalil Ahmad (Southern Region), Khiali Jan Mangal (Eradication Verification Reporter), Sayed Najibullah Ahmadi (Economic specialist), Mohammad Khyber Wardak (Database officer), Mohammad Sadiq Rizaee (Remote Sensing), Shiraz Khan Hadawe (GIS & Remote Sensing Analyst), Mohammad Ajmal (Data entry), Sahar (Data entry), Mohammad Hakim Hayat (Data entry). United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (Kabul) Jean-Luc Lemahieu (Country Representative), Ashita Mittal (Deputy Representative, Programme), Devashish Dhar (International Project Coordinator), Ziauddin Zaki (National Project Coordinator), Abdul Mannan Ahmadzai (Survey Officer), Noor Mohammad Sadiq (Database Developer) Remote sensing analysts: Ahmad Jawid Ghiasee and Sayed Sadat Mehdi Eradication reporters: Ramin Sobhi and Zia Ulhaq Survey Coordinators: Abdul Basir Basiret (Eastern Region), Abdul Jalil (Northern Region), Sayed Ahmad (Southern Region), Fawad Ahmad Alaie (Western Region), Mohammad Rafi (North-eastern Region), Rahimullah Omar (Central Region), Provincial Coordinators: Fazal Mohammad Fazli (Southern Region), Mohammad Alam Ghalib Eastern Region), Altaf Hussain Joya (Western Region), Lutfurhaman Lutfi (Northern Region).

3

TYPICAL GROWTH STAGES OF POPPY

Emergence stage Cabbage stage

Stem-elongation stage Flowering stage

Capsule stage Lancing stage

4

PPEERRIIOODDIICCAALL RREEPPOORRTT OONN PPOOPPPPYY EERRAADDIICCAATTIIOONN VVEERRIIFFIICCAATTIIOONN IINN AAFFGGHHAANNIISSTTAANN

Summary results as of 14 March 2011: • MCN/UNODC is responsible to verify Governor-led eradication.

• Poppy is at emergence and cabbage stages in Day Kundi, Uruzgan, Zabul, Hirat and Nimroz provinces. In Hilmand, Kandahar, Laghman and Kunar provinces poppy is at cabbage stage. In Nangarhar and Farah provinces, poppy is at cabbage and stem-elongation stages. Poppy is at emergence stage in Kabul and Kapisa provinces.

• Governor-led Eradication activity is reported from Farah, Hilmand and Kandahar provinces. A total of 8 hectares of poppy area has been eradicated in Farah province. 330 hectares of poppy area has been eradicated in Hilmand province and a total of 23 hectares of poppy area has been eradicated in Kandahar province.

• Total eradication carried out in Farah, Hilmand and Kandahar provinces is 361 ha.

• Measurements of eradicated fields reported by the surveyors will be checked by satellite images wherever satellite images are available. Therefore, figures in this report should be considered as provisional figures.

• Farmers showed resistance in different ways against poppy eradication operations since eradication operations started. Eradication teams have been attacked 7 times in Hilmand and Kandahar province. In these attacks, 6 police were injured and 1 police was killed. Also, 1 tractor was damaged. Detail of security incidents are mentioned in annexure 5. The map showing resistance to eradication in different ways is depicted in annexure 6.

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Introduction The Ministry of Counter Narcotics (MCN) and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) have joint responsibility of monitoring and verifying opium poppy eradication activities led by the Governors. Governor-led eradication activities are envisaged in all poppy cultivating provinces. Two UNODC reporters are deputed in MCN for daily report collection from the field verifiers as a part of capacity building activity.

Governor led eradication verification

Detailed methodology of Governor-led eradication verification is given in Annex 1. The areas verified by the eradication verifiers will be checked by satellite images where satellite images are available. Currently a total of 75 eradication verifiers have been trained on eradication verification techniques and deployed to the field based on eradication plan received from Governors. Out 75 verifiers, 31 verifiers were deployed in Hilmand province, 10 verifiers to Kandahar, 5 verifiers to Uruzgan, 5 verifiers to Zabul, 6 verifier to Nangarhar, 2 verifiers to Kunar, 2 verifiers to Laghman, 4 verifiers to Hirat, 6 verifiers to Farah, 2 verifiers to Nimroz and 2 verifiers in Badghis province.

The eradication verifiers are part of the eradication teams led by the respective provincial Governors. Trained verifiers were deputed in the provinces before the eradication activities started.

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Results: Since February 2011, governor-led eradication activities are reported from Farah, Hilmand and Kandahar provinces. Table 1 shows the current status of the eradication activities by province.

Table 1: Provincial eradication situation by 14 March 2011 Eradication Progress Dates Region Province Eradication

Status Eradication Start Date Suspended Resumed Stopped Current

Status Kabul No eradication Central Kapisa No eradication Kunar No eradication Laghman No eradication East Nangarhar No eradication Baghlan No eradication North Faryab No eradication

North-east Badakhshan No eradication

Day Kundi No eradication Hilmand Started 28-Feb-11 Ongoing Kandahar Started 23-Feb-11 27-Feb-11 13-Mar-11 Ongoing Uruzgan No eradication

South

Zabul No eradication Badghis No eradication Farah Started 12-Mar-11 Ongoing Hirat No eradication

West

Nimroz No eradication The detailed results of the eradication verification survey (by province) as of 14 March 2011 are summarized below (Table 2). District level details of Governor-led eradication figures are given in Annex 2.

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Table 2: Provisional eradication figures (by province)* Province Eradication

(ha) verified

No. of fields

eradication reported

No. of villages

eradication reported

Farah 8 20 1 Hilmand 330 790 28 Kandahar 23 51 5 Grand Total 361 861 34

* Final figures will be reported after quality check using satellite image/aerial data (where ever available)

Eastern region (Kunar, Laghman, Nangarhar, Nuristan):

• No eradication till date in the Eastern region.

Southern region (Hilmand, Kandahar, Uruzgan, Zabul, Day Kundi):

• In Hilmand province, Governor-led poppy eradication operations are ongoing since 28 February 2011 in Nad-Ali, Nahri Sarraj, Nawa-i-Barukzai and Lashkar Gah districts. A total of 330 hectares of eradicated poppy fields were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers.

• In Kandahar province, Governor-led eradication operations started on 23 February 2011 in Zhari districts but suspended on 27 February 2011. Eradication operations resumed on 13 March 2011 and it is ongoing. A total 23 hectares of eradicated poppy fields were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers in Zhari district.

• No eradication started till date in Uruzgan, Zabul and Day Kundi provinces.

Governor-led Eradication in Garmser district of Hilmand province

Growth stage of poppy in Nad Ali (Marja) district of Hilmand province

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Governor-led Eradication in Nawa-i-Barukzai district of Hilmand province

Governor-led Eradication in Lashkar Gah district of Hilmand province

Growth stage of poppy in Lashkar Gah district of

Hilmand province Growth stage of wheat in Lashkar Gah district of

Hilmand province

Governor-led Eradication in Panjwayi district of

Kandahar province Governor-led Eradication in Zhari district of

Kandahar province

9

Western region (Farah, Ghor, Hirat, Badghis Nimroz):

• In Farah province, Governor-led eradication operations started on 23 March 2011 in Farah (Provincial Center) district of Farah province. A total 8 hectares of eradicated poppy fields were verified by MCN/UNODC verifiers.

Northern region (Baghlan, Faryab, Samangan, Sari Pul):

• No eradication till date in the Northern region.

North-eastern region (Badakhshan):

• No eradication till date in the North-eastern region

Central region (Kabul):

• No eradication till date in the Central region.

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Annex 1 Methodology: Governor-led eradication verification

1. Eradication verifiers are part of the governor-led eradication teams.

2. The verifiers take measurements of each eradicated field, collect its GPS coordinates and take photographs.

3. The verifiers draw sketch maps of each field as a reference for area calculations done at a later stage in the Kabul office.

4. The verification reporting officers in Kabul obtain the provisional data from the verifiers through telephone (mobile/satellite phones) and update the database on a daily basis.

5. The verifiers fill in hardcopy survey forms and submit them to the UNODC regional offices. The forms are then sent to the Kabul office for data entry. Quality control is undertaken by MCN/UNODC survey inspectors and regional survey coordinators at the regional level.

6. MCN/UNODC publishes periodical reports to inform stakeholders on eradication activities. The eradication figures provided in these reports are provisional.

7. The updated eradicated area figure for each province is reported in the periodical reports.

8. Further validation of the results is done using data obtained through helicopter flights, as well as from satellite imagery to calculate the final area of eradicated poppy fields wherever possible.

9. Pressure of any kind on verifiers to influence their reporting may lead to the suspension or cancellation of the verification survey in that region.

10. The verification survey does not cover self-eradication.

Eradication Verifiers

MCN-UNODC Survey

Coordinators

Daily Report Survey Forms

Verification Reporters, Kabul

Second data Quality Check

Coordination and Quality Control

Governor Led Eradication Team

Database Database Periodical Periodical ReportsReports

Embedded

Daily Telephone Contact

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Annex 2: Provisional eradication figures verified (by district)

Province District Eradication (ha) verified

No. of fields eradication

reported

No. of villages eradication

reported

Farah Farah (Provincial Center) 8 20 1

Farah total 8 20 1

Lashkar Gah (Provincial Center) 132 314 7 Nad Ali (Marja) 67 163 9 Nahri Sarraj 52 70 3

Hilmand

Nawa-i-Barukzai 79 243 9 Hilmand total 330 790 28

Panjwayi 1 3 1 Kandahar

Zhari 22 48 4 Kandahar total 23 51 5

Grand Total 361 861 34

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IRANIRAN

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

INDIAINDIA

TURKMENISTANTURKMENISTAN

TAJIKISTANTAJIKISTANUZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN

Hirat

Farah

Ghor

HilmandNimroz Kandahar

Badakhshan

Ghazni

Balkh

Zabul

Faryab

Baghlan

Badghis

Paktika

Sari Pul

Daykundi

Takhar

Bamyan

Jawzjan

Uruzgan

Wardak

Nuristan

Kunduz

Samangan

KunarKabul

NangarharLogar

KhostPaktya

ParwanPanjsher

LaghmanKapisa

75°E

75°E

70°E

70°E

65°E

65°E

60°E

60°E

35°N 35°N

30°N 30°N

Annex 3: Afghanistan: Locations of Governor-led eradication of poppy fields, 2011

Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Eradication Survey 2011Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply officia l endorsement or acceptance by the Uni ted Nations.

¯0 100 20050 Km

GCS_WGS_84

Legend

International boundariesProvincial boundaryDistrict boundary

! Verified eradication location (GLE)

Eradication Target Areas

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IRANIRAN

Farah

Ghor

HilmandNimroz Kandahar

Ghazni

Zabul

Daykundi

Uruzgan

65°E

65°E

30°N 30°N

Annex 4: Afghanistan: Locations of Governor-led eradication of poppy fields, 2011

Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Eradication Survey 2011Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply officia l endorsement or acceptance by the Uni ted Nations.

Legend

International boundary

District boundaryProvincial boundary

! Verif ied eradication location (GLE)

Eradication Target Areas

¯0 100 20050 Km

GCS_WGS_84

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Annex 5: Resistance by farmers and security incidents

• 23 Feb 2011: Governor-led eradication team was attacked by AGE in Nadi village of Zhari district of Kandahar province. 1 tractor was damaged in the attack.

• 26 Feb 2011: Governor-led eradication team was attacked by AGE in Sanzaray village of Zhari district of Kandahar province. No casualty was reported.

• 01 March 2011: Anti government elements attacked the governor-led eradication team in Charkhandez village of Nahri Sarraj district of Hilmand province. No casualty was reported.

• 03 March 2011: Governor-led eradication team was attacked by AGE in Spin Masjed village of Nahri Sarraj district of Hilmand province. No casualty was reported. Farmers also showed resistance against eradication by flooding their poppy fields.

• 06 March 2011: Governor-led eradication team was attacked by AGE in Balochan kalay of Nahri Sarraj district of Hilmand province. In the attack, 4 police were injured.

• 07 March 2011: Governor-led eradication team was attacked by AGE in Amir Bland Dasht village of Nad Ali (Marja) district of Hilmand province. In the attack, 1 police was killed and 2 were injured.

IRANIRAN PAKISTANPAKISTAN

INDIAINDIA

TURKMENISTANTURKMENISTAN

TAJIKISTANTAJIKISTANUZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN

Hirat

Farah

Ghor

HilmandNimrozKandahar

Badakhshan

Ghazni

Balkh

Zabul

FaryabBaghlan

Badghis

Paktika

Sari Pul

Daykundi

Takhar

Bamyan

Jawzjan

Uruzgan

Wardak

Nuristan

Kunduz

Samangan

KunarKabul

NangarharLogar

KhostPaktya

ParwanPanjsher

LaghmanKapisa

75°E

75°E

70°E

70°E

65°E

65°E

60°E

60°E

35°N 35°N

30°N 30°N

Annex 6: Afghanistan: Farmers resistance/security incidents during Governor-led eradication operations, 2011

Source: MCN - UNODC Afghanistan Eradication Survey 2011 Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply officia l endorsement or acceptance by the Uni ted Nations.

LegendFarmers resistance

Attack

Flooding fieldNo resistance

Attack/Flooding field

¯GCS_WGS_84

0 100 20050 Km

Province Number of resistance

Number of personnel

injured

Number of personnel

dead

Eradication (Ha)

Farah 0 - - 8.2Hilmand 5 6 1 330Kandahar 2 - - 23Total: 7 6 1 361

IRANIRAN

PAKISTANPAKISTAN

INDIAINDIA

TURKMENISTANTURKMENISTAN

TAJIKISTANTAJIKISTANUZBEKISTANUZBEKISTAN

Hirat

Farah

Ghor

HilmandNimroz

Kandahar

Badakhshan

Balkh

Ghazni

Zabul

Faryab

Paktika

Badghis

Baghlan

Bamyan

Sari Pul

Takhar

Day Kundi

Jawzjan

Uruzgan

Wardak

Nuristan

Kunduz

Samangan

Kunar

LogarPaktya

Kabul

Parwan

Khost

Nangarhar

Panjshir

LaghmanKapisa

Farah

HiratKabul

Kandahar

Fayzabad

Jalalabad

Mazari Sharif

75°E

75°E

70°E

70°E

65°E

65°E

60°E

60°E

35°N 35°N

30°N 30°N

Regional grouping of provinces for the opium poppy survey in Afghanistan

Source: Government o f Afghanistan - National monitor ing system implemented by UNODC Note: The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply o fficial endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Southern

Western Central

Northern

Eastern

North-eastern

0 100 20050 KmGCS WGS-84

LegendRegional grouping of provinces

Provincial boundaryInternational boundaryMain citiesWesternSouthernNorthernNorth-easternEasternCentral