Periodic Trends Periodic law states that elements are arranged by their atomic numbers with similar...
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Transcript of Periodic Trends Periodic law states that elements are arranged by their atomic numbers with similar...
Periodic Trends
Periodic law states that elements are arranged by
their atomic numbers with similar properties
occuring at regular intervals.
Definition: Half of the distance between nuclei in covalently bonded diatomic molecule Radius decreases across a period more p+ and e- for stronger magnetism.
Radius increases down a group Each row on the periodic table adds a “shell” or energy level to the atom
Atomic Radius
Table of Atomic
Radii
Period Trend:Atomic Radius
Tends to increase across a period As radius decreases across a period, the electron you are removing is closer to the nucleus and harder to remove
Tends to decrease down a group Outer electrons are farther from the nucleus and easier to remove
Ionization Energy
Definition: the energy required to remove an electron from an atom
Periodic Trend:Ionization
Energy
Electronegativity
Definition: A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
o Electronegativity tends to increase across a periodo As radius decreases, electrons get closer to the bonding atom’s nucleus
o Electronegativity tends to decrease down a group or remain the sameo As radius increases, electrons are farther from the bonding atom’s nucleus
Periodic Table of Electronegativities
Periodic Trend:Electronegativi
ty
Electron Affinity
Definition: the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a neutral atom or molecule in the gaseous state to form a negative ion.
o Electron affinity tends to increase across a periodo The closer to the nobel gases the closer to being happy.
o Electron affinity tends to decrease down a group. If you add electrons as you go down you have more shells and it is farther away from the nucleus.
Periodic Trend:Electron Affinity
Summary of Periodic Trends