PERIODIC TABLE

The Periodic Table• Shows the known elements, their symbols,

atomic numbers, and atomic masses

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Atomic number

Symbol

Atomic mass

The Periodic Table• The element’s position tells us if it is a

metal, non-metal, or metalloid

• Over the years many attempts were made to create a table that would show the relationship between the size of the atom and its properties.

Dmitri Mendeleev• Russian Chemist • Made a card for every

known element • He pinned all cards to a wall

by increasing atomic mass• Then rearranged the cards

into rows and columns based on patterns in their properties

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Mendeleev’s table

• Properties of elements repeat at definite or periodic intervals.

• This pattern became known as the PERIODIC TABLE

MORE ON MENDELEEV

• He left gaps in his periodic table because not all elements had been discovered

• The gaps have been

filled in over the years as new elements have been discovered

MEET THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE

• The Periodic Table is a system for organizing the elements into columns and rows

• BrainPOP: Periodic Table

• You Tube: the new periodic table song: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgVQKCcfwnU

• www.webelements.com (click on an element)

OTHER SCIENTISTS

• Berzelius designed a system to name the elements

• Volta invented the battery which allowed us to classify metals as conductors and non-metals as non-conductors

• Dalton - his atomic theory reminds us that atoms of different elements have a specific mass based on the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons

VOLTA’S BATTERY

Classifying Elements

• The Periodic Table is organized into metals, non-metals, and metalloids, shown with color.

• See page 562-563 in your textbook or the following websites:

• http://www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/education/elements/index.html• http://www.sciencegeek.net/tables/Textbook.pdf

METALS

NON-METALSMETALLOIDS

PROPERTIES OF ...

Metals Non-metals Metalloids• Solids at room temperature, but mercury is liquid• Shiny lustre• Good conductors of heat and electricity• Malleable and ductile

• Some gases at room temp., some solids, bromine is liquid• Not very shiny• Poor conductors of heat and electricity• Brittle, not ductile

• Solids at room temp.• Can be shiny or dull• May conduct electricity, poor conductors of heat• Brittle, not ductile

●●●

• PERIODS = horizontal rows

• Periods are numbered 1-7• Period number = number of electron shells

• GROUPS = FAMILIES = vertical columns

• Groups are numbered 1-18• Elements in the same family have similar

chemical properties• The main property for you to understand is REACTIVITY (how easily an element reacts with another element)

Alkaline metals

• Group 1• React rapidly

when exposed to air and water

• Have only 1 outer electron to lose and become stable

Alkaline Earth metals

• Group 2• Also quite reactive• Have 2 outer

electrons to lose to become stable

Halogens

• Group 17• Most reactive

non-metals• Need to gain 1

electron to be stable

Noble gases

• Group 18• Chemically calm

(unreactive)• Can be excited by

electricity to make colors in discharge tubes but do not change chemically

Reactivity

• Atoms want 8 electrons in their outer shell (called the valence shell and valence electrons)

• Atoms without 8 valence electrons react with other atoms by sharing, giving up, or taking electrons to fill their valence shell

Atomic Structure

Lithium Valence shell

Valence electron: in valence shell

3 electrons 1 valence electron (group 1)2 shells (period 2)

Reactivity in Families• Alkali metals: 1 valence electron, the most

reactive elements, can easily give up that electron

• Alkali earth metals: 2 valence electrons, the next most reactive

• Halogens: 7 valence electrons, also very reactive – they easily accept 1 electron

• Noble gases: very unreactive, have 8 electrons in their valence shell

REMEMBER

• Atomic # = # protons• An element is defined by the # of protons it has • Atomic mass= # protons + # neutrons• Standard atomic form

• Complete Topic 2.4 worksheet

Lead82Pb

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Atomic number

Symbol

Atomic mass

REVIEW QUESTIONS (ANSWER ALL 7)

1. Identify the name, atomic number, and mass number of: a. K b. Pc. N

2. List the main properties of metals?

3. How did Mendeleev contribute to chemistry?

4. Identify the element and write the standard atomic notation for: a. Group 2, Period 3 b. Group 14, Period 2c. Group 18, Period 4

REVIEW QUESTIONS CONT’D

5. Draw a Bohr model with 1 valence electron, name the atom

6. Explain why halogens are more reactive than noble gases.

7. Which has more electrons, an atom of aluminum or an atom of phosphorus?

ELEMENT SUPERHERO PROJECT

• http://mrsjacobsclassroom.blogspot.ca/p/chemistry-lessons.html

Create a superhero using the properties of your element. Use the template or create your own.

ELEMENT SUPERHERO REQUIREMENTS

1. Superhero’s name

2. At least 2 Fun Facts about your element superhero such as: common uses or compounds, date discovered or by whom, where it is found

3. Describe your superhero’s talents or abilities using at least 3 chemical properties such as:

Atomic number, atomic mass, melting/boiling point, density, state at room temperature,

metal/non-metal/metalloid

4. Draw a Bohr model diagram showing the # of shells with electrons, and write the # of protons, and neutrons in the nucleus

ELEMENT SUPERHERO MARKING RUBRIC

Name: ____________________•

• Superhero’s Name 1• 2 Fun Facts 2 1• 3 Properties within description 3 2 1• Accurate Bohr diagram 4 3 2 1

• Total /10

Fun Facts

Bohr Model

Superhero Description

Fun Facts

Bohr Model

Superhero Description

Fun Facts

Bohr Model

Superhero Description