Periodic Table & Trends

• Objective: To understand the physical and chemical properties of atoms based on their position on the Periodic Table

• NC Essential Standards 1.3

• What does “periodic” mean?

The Pattern is the Key • Put the following into a

pattern• 3 across • 4 down

• Bluebird, green hummingbird, red cardinal, pink flamingo

• Pink freight truck, Red pick-up truck, green Civic, Blue SUV

• Green cottage, Blue house, Red brick apartment building, Dilworth’s pink glass building

A Chemist’s Most Useful ToolHow can we use the Periodic Table

to understand the properties of elements?

Periodic Table• http://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-genius-of-mendeleev-s-peri

odic-table-lou-serico

• Also see Review & Dig Deeper on webpage

Electron Arrangement impacts the shape of the Periodic Table

• Periods • Groups • Blocks

a. Elements are arranged in Periods (_____) according to the total number of _________ _________ for their electrons.

b. The Periodic Table can be divided into 4 blocks based on electron configurations for the elements.

Groups Val electrons

Block S

Block P

Block D

Block F

1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Valence e-

Electron dot

Periods

Representative elements are elements in groups 1 & 2; 13-18. These valence electrons are in the _____ and _____ & ________ sublevels.

S, P, D, F Blocks

Periods18

Understanding of Metals vs. Non-metals• Examples Metals Non-metals

• Properties• Physical

• Chemical

What do you already know? – Sort terms

Understanding metals vs. non-metalsvideo segment• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2xFx7Ipaf8U

• Science film segment

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQap3cRnP28• YouTube – reactivity – based on position on PT

• Clips showing reactivity

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYOunr2Lwxs• Slides – good pictures but no sound

Understanding Metals vs. Non-metalsPhysical Properties

• Black Study Guide • Metals: p. 47 • Non-metals: p. 50

• Sort terms for metals vs. non-metals

1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Metals Metalloids Non-metalsBlend of Metal & Non-metalSemi-conductors

Physical& Chemical Properties

Elements: Basic Building Blocks • Hunting for Elements – (intro – 4 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bENV1arP0g

• 2 hours• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd6vB82oiQ0

Element Song• http://www.edu-cyberpg.com/IEC/elementsong.html

• Educational CyberPlayGround ®: K-12 Interdisciplinary Curriculum

Element Groups• Elements are arranged in groups (____________)

according to the number of their ___________ _____________

• Definition:

• Elements in the same group have _________ __________ properties.

Groups: Similar chemical properties• Video segment

Group Names: describe their properties

Groups important to know:

1 2 Groups 3 - 12 14,15,16,17,18

Hydrogen is unique!

Representative (main group) elements are:

Elements: Basic Building Blocks • Hunting for Elements – (intro – 4 minutes) • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bENV1arP0g

• 2 hours• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hd6vB82oiQ0

Element Groups & Properties

Name

Alkali Metals

Alkaline Earth Metals

Transition metals

Halogens

Noble Gases

Ordering Elements by Properties

• Follow the instructions on the small card• Arrange the elements based on properties

• Put elements into columns and rows in a pattern• Use physical and chemical properties

• Why did you put an element card at the top of a column?

• Why should another be placed lower or to the right?

Results?

• Analyze your results:• Make a table that shows the order of your elements (see next slide) • Show the patterns for the properties

• Physical properties - explain the pattern for each physical property• Chemical properties – explain the pattern

Ordering Groups of Elements by Properties

Group Physical properties

Chemical properties

Ion Practice • Ion Formation base on electron configuration

• Metal or non-metal? • Compare atom & ion

• Electron configuration and Electron Dot Notation

• Additional practice• Using Lewis Diagrams

Representing Ions

• Ions are formed when the __________ electrons are lost or gained.

• Metals ________ valence electrons to form

_______ ions, called __________.

Non-metals _______ valence electrons until they have 8 and form _______ ions, called

__________.

Comparing atoms & ionsElement Atomic

SymbolElectron Configuration

Circle valence electrons

Electron Dot Diagram

Ion Name Electron Configuration

Electron Dot Diagram

Ionic Symbol

Comparing atoms & ionsElement Atomic

SymbolElectron Configuration

Circle valence electrons

Electron Dot Diagram

Ion Name Electron Configuration

Electron Dot Diagram

Ionic Symbol

Atoms & IonsElement Atom

Lewis structure

Add or lose for 8 val. e-

Ion Lewis structure

Ion

Atoms & IonsElement Atom

Lewis structure

Add or lose for 8 val. e-

Ion Lewis structure

Ion

How do metal atoms lose electrons? Ionization energy

• Ground State, Excited State, Ionization energy

Lithium

How do non-metal atoms gain electrons? Electronegativity

• Large metal atom Small non-metal atom

Forming Compounds

• They come together to form a ______________ ______________ .

• Many formula units are held together to make an _______ compound.

Periodic Trend Animation • http://faculty.ucc.edu/chemistry-pankuch/Amin.html• Atomic size• Ionic size• Ionization • Electronegativity

• For later used: bond formation

1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Trends for Ionization Energy & ElectronegativityArrows to show trends for metals & non-metals

Reactivity: trends for metals and non-metals

6. Octet Rule

Atoms tend to ______, ______, or _______electrons in order to have _____ valence electrons._______ valence electrons gives stability.

Exception:

Duet rule:

7. Reactivity

Group 18 (called the _______________) are ____________ (also called ________ or _____________), because:

Group 1 (called ____________) are the most reactive metals because:

Group 17 (called ___________) are themost reactive nonmetals because:

1 18

2 13 14 15 16 17

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Trends for Ionization Energy & ElectronegativityArrows to show trends for metals & non-metals

Reactivity: trends for metals and non-metals

Predicting Properties of Elements- based on the position on the Periodic

Table : Size; IE; EN

Property: which element has the largest value?Ca vs. Br C vs. Sn F vs. I Si vs. ClNa vs. P Li vs. KBe vs. O S vs. ArAl vs. S Ne vs. KrB vs. Al B vs. Ne