Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907.
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Transcript of Periodic Table Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals. Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907.
Periodic Table
Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals.
Dmitri Medeleev 1834-1907
Periodic TableDmitri Medeleev 1834-1907
It helped predict properties of the missing elements
It showed there were missing elements
There’s a repeating pattern of properties when the elements are put in order of atomic mass
Periodic Trends
Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements
Atomic RadiiElectronegativityIonization EnergyDensity
Periodic Trends
Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements
Atomic Radii – Size of the atom (e- cloud)Electronegativity – Strength of attracting e-
(similar to electron affinity)Ionization Energy – Energy required to remove e-
Density – How much mass per volume
Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)
Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)
Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
140
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
atomic number
37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174
Atomic Radii - Basic Trend:
Larger
Electronegativity – The ability of an atom to attract electrons.
Electronegativity - Basic Trend:
Larger
Electron Affinity – is similar to electronegativity
Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove an electron.
First Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.
Second Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the second electron from an atom after its first electron is removed.
Third Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the third electron from an atom . . .
Relative Trend in FIRST Ionization Energies
Ionization Energy - Basic Trend:
Larger
Successive Ionization Energies
It ALWAYS gets harder to remove the next electron!
There is a tremendous jump in difficulty when the electronic structure is a Noble Gas core!
Density TrendDensity =
Mass
Volume
Fun Density Facts:
One cm3 of water has a mass of… - 1.0 grams
One cm3 of gold has a mass of… - 19.3 grams
One cm3 of lead has a mass of… - 11.3 grams
1 cm3 = about the volume of
Density vs Atomic Number
Density - Basic Trend:
Increase
Atomic Radii – Increases down and left.
Electronegativity – Increases up and right (H=C)
Ionization Energy (First) – Increases up and right.
Density – Increases down and to the middle.
Review of Trends