Periodic Table It is a systematic catalog of the elements. Elements are arranged in order of atomic...
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Transcript of Periodic Table It is a systematic catalog of the elements. Elements are arranged in order of atomic...
![Page 1: Periodic Table It is a systematic catalog of the elements. Elements are arranged in order of atomic number.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062321/56649e1a5503460f94b07bbd/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Periodic Table
• It is a systematic catalog of the elements.
• Elements are arranged in order of atomic number.
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Periodicity
When one looks at the chemical properties of elements, one notices a repeating pattern of reactivities.
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Periodic Table
• The rows on the periodic chart are periods.
• Columns are groups.• Elements in the same
group have similar chemical properties.
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Groups
These five groups are known by their names.
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Periodic Table
Nonmetals are on the right side of the periodic table (with the exception of H).
Gases – Group 18 and F, O , N , H, Cl
Liquid – BrRest are solids
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Periodic Table
Metalloids border the stair-step line (with the exception of Al, Po, and At).
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Periodic Table
Metals are on the left side of the chart.
Properties – luster and high electrical and heat conductivity malleable
All except Hg are solids at room temperature
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Development of Periodic Table
• Elements in the same group generally have similar chemical properties.
• Physical properties are not necessarily similar, however.
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Development of Periodic Table
Dmitri Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer independently came to the same conclusion about how elements should be grouped.
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Development of Periodic Table
Mendeleev, for instance, predicted the discovery of germanium (which he called eka-silicon meaning under silicon) as an element with an atomic weight between that of zinc and arsenic, but with chemical properties similar to those of silicon.
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Development of Periodic Table
1913 – Henry Mosley developed concept of atomic number Bombarded different elements with high-energy
electrons, found each element produced X-rays of a unique frequency and that the frequency generally increased with the atomic mass
He arranged the X-ray frequencies in order by assigning them a whole number and called it the atomic number
He correctly identifies the atomic number as the number of protons in a nucleus
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Development of Periodic Table
• Concept of atomic number clarified some problems in the periodic table
• Ex) atomic weight of Ar (18) is greater than that of K (19) yet the chemical properties of Ar are much more like those of Ne and Kr than those of Na and Rb
• When elements are arranged by atomic number, rather than increasing atomic weight, Ar and K appear in the correct places
• This made is possible to discover previously unknown elements
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Periodic Trends
• In this chapter, we will rationalize observed trends in– Sizes of atoms and ions.– Ionization energy.– Electron affinity.