Ch. 5 - The Periodic Table I. History of the Periodic Table Mendeleev Mosely Periodic Law.
Periodic Table Design. The Man Behind the Table Dmitri Mendeleev 1. Russian Chemist 2. Organized the...
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Transcript of Periodic Table Design. The Man Behind the Table Dmitri Mendeleev 1. Russian Chemist 2. Organized the...
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Periodic Table Design
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The Man Behind the Table Dmitri Mendeleev
1. Russian Chemist2. Organized the 1st Periodic Table3. In the mid-1800’s4. Only 63 known elements at that time5. Predicted existence of several unknown elements6. Element 101 is named after him
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Organizing the Table Mendeleev’s Organization:
1. He put each elements information on a card.A. Atomic mass, density, color, melting pointB. Valence electrons (outer-shell)
2. He saw a “periodic” pattern when arranged by atomic mass…
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Mendeleev’s Table Mendeleev’s table was designed so
that the elements were arranged in order of increasing atomic mass.
He said, “the properties of the elements were periodic functions of their atomic masses.”
However, Mendeleev was sort-of wrong!
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Today’s Periodic Table British scientist, Henry Moseley saw
errors in Mendeleev’s table in 1914. Moseley rearranged the table by
increasing atomic number (# of protons).
Moseley’s table is the table that we use today!
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Review: Periodic Table GROUPS
The columns of the Periodic Table are called groups (or families) Elements in a group/family have similar
properties just like how your family members have similar traits!
Each group/family has a name (like your last name)
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Review: Periodic Table GROUPS
The number of the group (in the ones place) indicates the number of valence electrons that atoms within that group have (or the number of the TALL column) Valence electrons are electrons located in the outermost
energy level that play a role in bonding and reactivity There are 18 groups on the Periodic Table• On p.11, number the GROUPS on your Periodic Table• Label them “Groups/Families” with an arrow showing which
direction they go.
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Review: Periodic Table PERIODS
The rows of the Periodic Table are called periods
Elements in a period have different properties! The periods follow a periodic pattern
• Periodic: occurring at regular intervals
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Review: Periodic Table PERIODS
The number of the period indicates the number of energy levels that atoms within that period have
There are 7 periods on the Periodic Table (Helpful fact: “Periods” has 7 letters) On p.11, number the periods on your Periodic Table Label them “Periods” with an arrow showing which
direction they go.
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The Table
A Family or Group
A Period
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Metals Good conductors of heat and electricity Usually solid at room temperature
Exception: Mercury is a liquid at room temperature. On p.11, outline Mercury (Hg) in blue
Malleable and ductile Located to the left of the stair-step line. On
p.11 label the left half of the Periodic Table “Metals.” Exception: Hydrogen is not a metal, but is located
to the left of the stair-step line. Tend to give up electrons in chemical
reactions
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The Metals
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Group 1: Alkali MetalsA
lkali M
eta
ls
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Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals
Alk
alin
e E
art
h M
eta
ls
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Groups 3-12 : Transition Metals
Transition Metals
Lanthanide Series
Actinide Series
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Alkali Metals Group 1 The most reactive of all metals (only
need to lose one electron) Have 1 electron in their outer energy
levels
Lithium reacting with
water
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Alkaline Earth Metals Group 2 Very reactive Have 2 electrons in their outer energy
levels
Magnesium reacting with
HCl
Calcium
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Transition Metals/Elements Groups 3-12
• Inner Transition Metals• Lanthanide Series
• Atomic numbers 58-71• Named the lanthanide series because they follow
Lanthanum
• Actinide Series
• Atomic numbers 90-103• Named actinide series because they follow
Actinium• All are radioactive and unstable
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The Metalloids
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Metalloids
8 elements located next to the stair-step line (not Aluminum!)
Have properties similar to metals and nonmetals On p.11 outline the metalloids in green.
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Metalloids
ME
TA
L L
O I
D S
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Other Metals
Other Metals
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Nonmetals Poor conductors of heat and electricity Usually gases or brittle solids at room temperature
Exception: Bromine is a liquid at room temperature. On p.11, outline Bromine (Br) in blue
On p.11, outline all of the GASES in red. (H, He, N, O, F, Ne, Cl, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn)
Located to the right of the stair-step line. On p.11 label the right half of the Periodic Table “Nonmetals.” Exception: Hydrogen is a nonmetal, but is located to the left
of the stair-step line. Tend to accept electrons in chemical reactions
with metals Tend to share electrons in chemical reactions with
other nonmetals
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The Nonmetals
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Group 17: Halogens
Halo
gen
s
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Group 18: Noble Gases
Nob
le G
ases
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Other Nonmetals
Other Nonmetals
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Halogens Group 17 The most reactive of all nonmetals (only
need to gain one electron) Have 7 electrons in their outer energy
levels
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Noble Gases Group 18 Stable (not reactive) because outermost
energy levels are full Have 8 electrons in their outer energy
levels
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Other Nonmetals
Also referred to as the •Boron group•Carbon group•Nitrogen group•Oxygen group•On p. 11, make a key for your Periodic Table Liquids
Gases
Metalloids