PERIODIC REVIEW FOR BIOSPHERE RESERVE

GOLIJA - STUDENICA BIOSPHERE RESERVE

Periodic review 2015

PERIODIC REVIEW

FOR BIOSPHERE RESERVE

[December 2015]

INTRODUCTION

The UNESCO General Conference, at its 28th session, adopted Resolution 28 C/2.4 on the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. This text defines in particular the criteria for an area to be qualified for designation as a biosphere reserve (Article 4). In addition, Article 9 foresees a periodic review every ten years, based on a report prepared by the concerned authority, on the basis of the criteria of Article 4 and forwarded to the secretariat by the State concerned. The text of the Statutory Framework is given in the third annex.

The form which follows is provided to help States to prepare their national reports in accordance with Article 9 and to update the data available to the Secretariat on the biosphere reserve concerned. This report should enable the International Coordinating Council (ICC) of the MAB Programme to review how each biosphere reserve is fulfilling the criteria of Article 4 of the Statutory Framework and in particular the three functions. It should be noted that it is requested, in the last part of the form (Criteria and Progress Made), to indicate how the biosphere reserve fulfills each of these criteria.

The information presented on this periodic review will be used in a number of ways by UNESCO:

(a) for examination of the biosphere reserve by the International Advisory Committee for

Biosphere Reserves and by the Bureau of the MAB International Coordinating Council;

(b) for use in a world-wide accessible information system, notably for the UNESCO-MABnet and

publications, facilitating communication and interaction amongst persons interested in biosphere

reserves throughout the world.

Kindly indicate if any part of this report should remain confidential.

The form consists of three parts:

Part one is a summary highlighting the main changes in the biosphere reserve during the reporting

period.

Part two is more descriptive and detailed, referring to the human, physical and biological

characteristics as well as to the institutional aspects.

Part three consists of two Annexes (A): the first Annex (A.1) will be used to update the directory of

biosphere reserves on the MABnet. The second annex will be used to provide promotion and

communication materials of the biosphere reserve (A.2).

The third annex comprises the Statutory Framework for the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. Please provide as many quantitative data as possible as well as supporting documentation to complete the information provided, especially:

Map(s) clearly showing the zonation (see in particular 2.3.1);

The legal texts for the different zones.

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The form should be completed in English, French or Spanish. Two copies should be sent to the

Secretariat, as follows:

1. The original hard copy, with the original signatures, letters of endorsement, zonation map and

supporting documents. This should be sent to the Secretariat through the Official UNESCO

channels, i.e. via the National Commission for UNESCO and/or the Permanent Delegation to

UNESCO.

2. An electronic version (on diskette, CD, etc.) of the periodic review form and of maps (especially

the zonation map). This can be sent directly to the MAB Secretariat: UNESCO

Division of Ecological and Earth Sciences

1, rue Miollis

F-75732 Paris Cedex 15, France

Tel: +33 (0)1 45 68 40 67

Fax: +33 (0)1 45 68 58 04

E-mail: [email protected]

www.unesco.org/mab

mailto:[email protected]

http://www.unesco.org/mab

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TABLE OF CONTENT

PART I: SUMMARY

PART II: PERIODIC REVIEW REPORT

1. Biosphere Reserve 6

2. Significant Changes in the Biosphere Reserve During the Past Ten Years 7

3. Ecosystem Services 12

4. The Conservation Function 12

5. The Development Function 13

6. The Logistic Function 15

7. Governance, Biosphere Reserve Management and Coordination 18

8. Criteria and Progress made 22

9. Supporting Documents 26

10. Addresses 27

Annexes

Annex I: MABnet Directory of the Biosphere Reserves 29

Annex II: Promotion and Communication Materials 31

Annex III: Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves 34

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PART I: SUMMARY

a) Name of the biosphere reserve:

Logo of Nature Park/Biosphere reserve is:

GOLIJA – STUDENICA

b) Country:

REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

c) Year of designation:

2002

d) Year(s) of periodic review(s):

2006-2015

e) Previous recommendation(s) made by the International Co-ordinating Council

(MAB- ICC), if applicable:

The Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves in its considering the First periodic report of

the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica" (ref.: SC/EES/MB/14/5864/536) has recommended

that, in order to realize all functions of the Biosphere Reserve in the coming period, a greater

attention must be paid by the state authorities regarding the following: to improve the

management of Reserve ("Srbijašume", the manager of Nature Park "Golija" can not manage

Biosphere Reserve as if it was a protected area, so that the management of Biosphere Reserve,

according to international experience, should be carried out through collective bodies, such as

councils / committees / coordinating bodies consisting of the representatives of stakeholders,

i.e. representatives of local communities, local self-governments, non-governmental

organizations, the forestry sector, nature conservation sector, agricultural, businesses and other

sectors), to create the conditions for greater community involvement in the management of

Biosphere Reserve (the construction of necessary infrastructure, especially transportation,

utilities, etc.) and to provide the conditions for rural development at the area of Biosphere

Reserve.

f) What follow-up actions are completed and if not completed/initiated, please provide

justifications.

After receiving a report on objections to the Periodic Review for the "Golija-Studenica"

Biosphere Reserve, some institutions have launched specific activities aimed primarily at

analyzing everything accomplished in the previous period, as well as removing objections given

by the Advisory Committee.

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Activities conducted during 2012

An event was held under the title: ''GOLIJA NATURE PARK AND GOLIJA-STUDENICA

BIOSPHERE RESERVE, Protection, Development & Management'', in the quarters of the

Studenica Monastery, organized by the Republic Agency for Spatial Planning and the Ministry

of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning in cooperation with the Faculty of Geography of

the Belgrade University and the Centre for the Development of Golija.

The meeting was attended by representatives of the Republic Agency for Spatial Planning, the

Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, the Institute for Nature Conservation of

Serbia, the Republic Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments, SE "Srbijašume", the

Provincial Secretariat for Urban Planning, Construction and Environmental Protection, the City

of Kraljevo, the Municipality of Ivanjica, the Regional Agency for Spatial and Economic

Development of Raška and Morava Districts, the Association of National Parks and Protected

Areas of Serbia, the Mountain Community of Residents in Golija Nature Park and Golija-

Studenica Biosphere Reserve (NGO), the Centre for the Development of Golija, the Faculty of

Geography, University of Belgrade.

During 2012, there was also a meeting of the Subcommittee on MAB and Climate Change by

the National Commission for UNESCO at the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia.

The meeting was attended by: Professor Anđelka Mihajlov, President of the Subcommittee on

MAB and Climate Change of the National Commission for UNESCO, Radislav Momirov,

Head at the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, Aleksandra Došlić, Head of

Protected Areas at the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, Biljana

Panjković, Director of the Institute for Nature Conservation of Vojvodina Province, Aleksandar

Mijović, Assistant Director of the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Tijana Jevtović,

Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Gordana Jančić, Head of the Department for Forest

Protection and Protected Natural Resources at SE" Srbijašume".

The following conclusions were reached:

• that the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning (being aware of the

managerial and operative deficiencies of the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve in the

previous period) was to appoint a new Coordinating Council for the protection and

development of the Golija area in the function of managing the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere

Reserve in the coming period;

• that the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, just as the other interested

parties, was ready to act in accordance with the recommendations by the UNESCO Advisory

Committee, so as to rectify the deficiencies identified with the assistance of UNESCO experts

in the next one-year period;

• that the priorities for the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve ought to be: defining the way

of how to manage the Biosphere Reserve; drafting a Biosphere Reserve Management Plan;

establishing Municipal Forums, the Interested Parties’ Forum and the Committee of the

"Golija-Studenica Biosphere Reserve.

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A meeting was held of the Subcommittee on MAB and Climate Change by the National

Commission for UNESCO.

Detailed information was given on further operations and activities aimed at eliminating the

deficiencies detected regarding the "Golija - Studenica" Biosphere Reserve (so it would not lose

its designation by UNESCO).

In June 2012 a large meeting was held by the competent authorities in order to make local

residents recognize the importance of biosphere reserves,

A memo was sent by the Manager to the municipalities to appoint representatives to the "Golija

Council"0.

In the discussion that followed, representatives of the Golija civil sector (Ivan Vilimonović -

IDA Kraljevo) provided the information that at the very local level a "Local Action Group" had

been organized, which now has about 40 members, including 2 municipalities (Kraljevo and

Ivanjica). Practically, this group has been established within a project/process coordinated by

the Ministry of Agriculture, with a focus on rural development.

The MAB Subcommittee recognized the opportunity to try ‘to get off the ground’ through the

synergy of these two processes, so the following activities were agreed upon:

that the Ministry of Natural Resources, Mining and Spatial Planning (in cooperation with

"Srbijašume", as the Manager of the Golija Nature Park) was to send a letter for the

appointment of members to the Council - Interested Parties’ Forum of the "Golija-

Studenica" Biosphere Reserve to: a) the Local Action Group (to appoint at least three

representatives, the municipalities of Kraljevo and Ivanjica with one representative

each); b) the Manager; c) the Ministry of Energy, Development and Environmental

Protection (which has jurisdiction in biodiversity); d) the Institute for Nature

Conservation and e) others on the basis of their own assessment.

It was suggested to send the letter in April 2013.

that the representatives of the Ministry of Natural Resources, Mining and Spatial

Planning, who attended the meeting, were to consider within the Ministry whether the

appointment realized as ref. to in para. 1 could result in the preparation of the Ministry's

Decision on the appointment of the Council – Interested Parties’ Forum of the "Golija-

Studenica" Biosphere Reserve, and that this, if possible, should be done;

that regular reports were to be submitted to both the Ministry and Srbijašume on the state of

that process, so as MAB Serbia could promptly notify the MAB UNESCO Secretariat on the

establishment of the above Council.

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In order to strengthen the partnership in its further directing towards the development of the

"Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve, a meeting of the Interested Parties’ Forum was held in

the quarters of the Studenica Monastery.

This meeting was organized by the representatives of the Ministry of Agriculture and

Environmental Protection, the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, SE "Srbijašume" and

the World Wide Fund for Nature, Office for Serbia (WWF, Serbia).

At a meeting held on 11th December 2014 in Studenica the following was concluded: that the

"Golija" NP Manager (SE "Srbijašume") i.e. the Manager of the Work Unit "Golija Nature

Park" is to report to the Council of "Golija-Studenica" BR; that WU "Golija Nature Park" is to

participate in the implementation and revision of the Management Plan for "Golija-Studenica"

BR; that WU "Golija Nature Park" is to cooperate with the Council and the Interested Parties’

Forum of "Golija-Studenica" RB.

The programme contained the establishing of a harmonious connection between man and

nature as a basis for success of a biosphere reserve, as well as incentives to facilitate sustainable

development of local communities. To this end, in the framework of the Forum Programme,

models for managing biosphere reserves allowing interested public participation were

presented, as well as examples of good practice.

Through the exchange of knowledge and a dialogue among the representatives of local

communities, professional institutions, the manager of the protected area, the non-governmental

sector, municipal organizations and users of the protected area, public participation models

were presented in the field of finding effective responses to the development of the "Golija-

Studenica" Biosphere Reserve in accordance with the socio- economic needs of local

communities

It was concluded that the Biosphere Reserve’s management model should be as follows:

BIOSPHERE RESERVE COUNCIL - an executive, decision-making body which is

responsible for the planning and management of the proposed biosphere reserve. It should

have about 9-11 members, be efficient and effective in decision-making, the President of the

Council should be elected among the members or, alternatively, should be an independent

person. One Council member is the Chairman presiding over the "GOLIJA" INTERESTED

PARTIES’ FORUM (hereinafter referred to as the Forum), whose role is to report on the

attitudes of the Forum, but has no vote in the Council. Other members should represent the

groups’ main interests and the values for which the biosphere reserve was established. Key

government institutions and civil society organizations, as well as local communities

(population) and the private sector should be all represented.

"GOLIJA" INTERESTED PARTIES’ FORUM - an advisory body composed of 15

members which presents a wide range of the stakeholders’ interests from all five

municipalities. The President is an independent person appointed by the Council through a

public process; he/she should be a respected citizen from the Golija area, strong-minded,

skilled in conflict resolution, with the experience in achieving consensus and able to conduct

meetings. Each municipal forum should nominate 3 members, who represent the range of

interests and complement each other (no need to duplicate roles). It is crucial that the Forum

meetings precede the Council meetings, so that the decision-makers in the Council are

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informed about the Forum’s attitudes by the Chairman of the Forum.

MUNICIPAL FORUMS - open groups of members for each of the five municipalities

composed of all the stakeholders (government agencies, NGOs, representatives of local

population, private entrepreneurs, etc.) that have an interest in the Biosphere Reserve.

Anyone from the municipality may attend and participate in meetings and other gatherings.

Each of the Municipal Forums - Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Raška and Sjenica is

organized by the relevant municipality.

Participation of the "Golija" Nature Park - management takes place through the "Golija

Nature Park" Working Unit, which is responsible for managing the Nature Park. The Nature

Park Manager reports to the Council and his/her working unit is responsible for the

implementation of the management plan, as well as its preparation and revision. The Park

Management is responsible to the Council and cooperates with the Forum, but not with the

Municipal Forums.


The Council of the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve was established according to the

Decision of the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection on Establishment of the

"Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve Council (No. 119-01-00-229/2015-17).

The first Forum Meeting was held on the premises of the Municipal Administration of Ivanjica

on 24th November 2015

Instructions and orders were given to the municipalities to nominate three members from the

area of their community to the Forum and to submit the nominations to the Council, which was

done eventually.

Interested Parties’ Forum of "Golija - Studenica" BR was established, which is an advisory

body of 15 members representing a wide range of interests of the stakeholders from all the five

municipalities on the "Golija" NP territory.

The first Forum Meeting was held on the premises of the Municipal Administration of Ivanjica

on 24th November 2015

The Meeting Agenda:

1 Activities of the Council of the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve;

2 Activities of the Forum of the "Golija - Studenica" BR;

3 Action plan for the preparation and implementation of programme and spatial planning

documents for the sustainable development of the area of "Golija - Studenica" BR;

4 Miscellaneous.

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g) Update on the implementation of measures to achieve the objectives of the biosphere

reserve.

At the area of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica" certain measures have been

continuously conducted in order to achieve the following goals:

- The preservation, protection and improvement of the sites of special natural value and

rarity and their specific use for scientific research, education, presentation to the public

and recreation, in accordance with ecological potentials of the area.

- Biodiversity conservation

- The preservation, protection and improvement of landscape and environmental values of

the area including flora, fauna, soil, water, air, forests, pastures and meadows, hunting

and fishing fauna, with their specific use according to the principles of sustainable

development.

- The preservation, protection and improvement of Golija cultural and historical heritage,

and the protection of the immovable cultural goods` surroundings.

- An organized, multidisciplinary and long-term scientific research of the Park, education

of all population groups and sectoral professions, presentation and popularization of the

Park values.

- A systematic management, control and supervision should be conducted to prevent

further degradation of the Park and to protect the Park from natural disasters.

- The directed development of existing and new activities based on resources and traditions

of the Park area and its immediate surroundings, the development of tourism, sport,

recreation in accordance with the functions of Nature Reserve.

h) Briefly describe the process by which the current periodic review has been

conducted:

The drafting of Periodic report began in 2015 and included workshops, meetings, interviews

and consultations with the Administration of the Nature Park "Golija" and the members of the

Group of biosphere reserves. The Report was prepared in cooperation with the Institute for

Nature Conservation of Serbia and PE "Srbijašume".

The main objective of the report is an overview of the activities conducted in the past ten years

in order to eliminate deficiencies, enable participation of all stakeholders and to examine the

strategies for the next period.

The Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia and PE "Srbijašume" formed a team who has

drafted the Periodic Report.

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i) Area and spatial configuration:

Previous report (nomination

form or periodic review)

and date

Proposed changes (if any)

Area of terrestrial Core

Area(s)

496.60 ha

No proposed changes

Area of terrestrial Buffer

Zone(s)

3,661.50 ha No proposed changes

Area of terrestrial

Transition Area(s)

49,645.90 ha No proposed changes

Area of marine Core

Area(s)

Area of marine Buffer

Zone(s)

Size of marine Transition

Area(s)

j) Human population of the biosphere reserve:



and date

At present (please state date of

census or other source)

Core Area(s) (permanent

and seasonally)

Buffer Zone(s) (permanent

and seasonally)

Transition Area(s)

(permanent and seasonally)

72001 6264

2

k) Budget (main sources of funds, special capital funds) and international, regional or

national relevant projects/initiatives carried out or planned.

According to the planned activities and tasks to be performed by the Manager of the "Golija"

Nature Park within the "Golija" NP Management Plan for the period 2011 – 2020, the

necessary funding has been estimated at the amount of:

Period

2011-2020

Share Total

SE “Srbijašume“ Budget RS, Funds,

Municipalities

EUR 823.883 1.235.825 2.059.708

% 40 60 100

1 According to 2002 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings. The data are shown according to localities

(settlements) relative to the valid administrative-territorial state on January 1, 2002. Since the Biosphere Reserve includes the

whole and partial settlements, the number of population is approximately determined.

2 Census in Serbia in 2011

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l) International, regional, multilateral or bilateral framework of cooperation.

Describe, where applicable, the contribution of the biosphere reserve to achieve

objectives and developing mechanisms that contribute to the implementation of

international or regional bilateral or multilateral agreements, conventions, etc.

- Convention on biodiversity – CBD is the most important document adopted at the

conference in terms of conservation and directed use of resources. The Convention is a

document relating to the conservation of all levels of biological diversity: genetic, species

and ecosystem. The basic principles of the Convention are as follows: conservation of

biological diversity, sovereignty over national resources with the responsibility for their

sustainable use and the damage that is inflicted on biodiversity of other countries, the

international cooperation, the prevention, financial arrangements between the developed

and developing countries, creating economic and legal conditions for a favorable transfer

of biotechnologies and the access to genetic resources, as well as other principles.

- The European Landscape Convention applies to the entire territory of the country and to

both the natural, urban and peri-urban areas (whether they are on land, at sea or other water

areas), i.e. that all types of landscapes are included (urban, industrial, etc.), and not only

landscapes that are under some form of protection. The application of the Landscape

Convention, therefore, introduces the concept of landscape quality into the protection,

management and planning of geographical areas.

- Habitats Directive (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural habitats

and of wild fauna and flora) is related to NATURA 2000 Ecological network. The Habitats

Directive provides for the establishment of the European network Natura 2000, which aims

to ensure that the species and their habitats are maintained in a favorable conservation

status in their native range by determining the conservation objectives for each area.

- CITES Secretariat (2011): Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of

Wild Fauna and Flora.http://www.cites.org/

- Council of Europe (1979): Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and

Natural Habitats

- Council of Europe(1997): Regulation on the Protection of Species of Wild Fauna and

Flora by Regulating Trade Therein (338/97)

- Council of Europe (2013): Convention on the conservation of European wildlife and

natural habitats - 33rd

meeting of the Standing Committee to the Bern Convention - List of

candidate Emerald sites, last revised in December 2013: T-PVS/PA (2013) 18, Strasbourg

- European Commission (2013): Interpretation manual of Europian Union Habitats, EU28,

DG Environment, Nature ENV B.3.

- European Commission (2013): Commission Note on Establishing Conservation Measures

for Natura 2000 Sites

- Official Journal of the European Communities (L 20/7): Directive 2009/147/EC of The

European Parliament and of The Council on the conservation of wild birds (codified

version)

- Official Journal of the European Communities (L 206/7): Council Directive 92/43/EEC on

the conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora.

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PART II: PERIODIC REVIEW REPORT

1. BIOSPHERE RESERVE:

1.1 Year designated:

2002

1.2 Year of first periodic review and of any following periodic review(s) (when

appropriate):

This is the Second periodic review of „Golija - Studenica“ Biosphere Reserve.

1.3 Follow-up actions taken in response to each recommendation from the previous

periodic review(s) (if applicable), and if not completed/initiated, please provide

justifications.

PE "Srbijašume" has formed a separate organizational unit for the management of protected

areas, that is, for the management of Nature Park "Golija" and Biosphere Reserve "Golija-

Studenica". The management of Biosphere Reserve is conducted through the corporate bodies,

the Biosphere Reserve Council consisting of the representatives of stakeholders, that is, the

representatives of local communities, local self-governments, non-governmental organizations,

the forestry sector, nature protection sector, agricultural and businesses sector, etc., thus

creating the conditions for greater community involvement in the management of Biosphere

Reserve (the construction of necessary infrastructure, especially transportation, utilities, etc.)

and providing the conditions for rural development at the area of Biosphere Reserve.

1.4 Other observations or comments on the above.

There are no observations or comments in connection with the above.

1.5 Describe in detail the process by which the current periodic review has been

conducted:

The drafting of Periodic report began in 2015 and included workshops, meetings, interviews

and consultations with the Administration of the Nature Park "Golija" and the members of the

Group of biosphere reserves. The Report was prepared in cooperation with the Institute for

Nature Conservation of Serbia and PE "Srbijašume".

The main objective of the Report is an overview of the activities conducted in the past ten years

in order to eliminate deficiencies, enable participation of all stakeholders and to examine the

strategies for the next period.

The Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia and PE "Srbijašume" formed a team who has

drafted the Periodic Report. Their work included the following:

- The review of references and previous documents

- Interviews and consultations with associates and the Administration of Biosphere Reserve

and the organization of the collecting the basic information for the various Chapters of

the Report

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- Establishing contacts with stakeholders (the representatives of Municipalities) in order to

gather information and get the most comprehensive information on the ten-year period.

The Report was translated in English and submitted to the MAB Committee in Serbia

prior to the submission to the UNESCO.

1.5.1 Which stakeholders were involved?

The exchange of knowledge and dialogue between the representatives of professional

institutions, managers of natural resources, non-governmental sector, municipal organizations

and users of the protected area, by using the models for stakeholders` participation are also

contained in the development of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica", which is in

accordance with the socio-economic needs of local communities.

1.5.2 What methodology was used to involve stakeholders in the process (e.g., workshops,

meetings, consultation with experts).

As the main activities on the stakeholders involvement in this process, there were used the

meetings with stakeholders, who were invited through the media and via their representatives.

In 2015, PE "Srbijašume", the manager of the area and the Institute for Nature Conservation of

Serbia organized meetings with stakeholders. A team was formed for drafting the Periodic

Report on the Biosphere Reserve "Golija - Studenica" (according to the form from 2013). The

periodic report also included interviews and consultations with the employees of the Biosphere

Reserve, researchers and government staff at the Municipality and the officials in relation to

specific issues.

1.5.3 How many meetings, workshops, etc. occurred throughout the process of conducting

this review?

Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia and PE "Srbijašume" held two meetings, which

were dedicated to the collecting of data on the activities conducted in the ten-year period.

1.5.4 Were they well attended, with full and balanced representation? (Describe participation and stakeholders).

The meetings were successful and attended by the representatives of various stakeholders. Their

participation was at a high level, and the discussion was very productive.

2. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN THE BIOSPHERE RESERVE DURING THE PAST

TEN YEARS:

2.1 Brief summary overview: Narrative account of important changes in the local

economy, landscapes or habitat use, and other related issues. Note important changes in

the institutional arrangements for governance of the biosphere reserve area, and changes

(if any) in the coordinating arrangements (including the biosphere reserve

organization/coordinator/manager) that provide direction for the biosphere reserve.

Identify the role of biosphere reserve organization/coordinator/manager in initiating or

responding to these changes.

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The changes in the natural complex of Golija had started in the distant past and were directly

dependent on the anthropogenic impacts. The immigration in this area accelerated the changes

to the natural complex. Dominant changes to the original natural environment were mainly due

to extensive livestock production and the construction works. Primeval space of the Park was

covered with forests that had suffered the biggest changes. On the deforested areas of Golija

emerged the secondary pastures, meadows, agricultural areas, settlements, roads, quarries and

other sites and facilities built by man.

Air – Air pollution is present in the settlements on the outskirts of the Reserve and in the zones

of mines and quarries, with the values within the maximum allowable concentration. The

values measured by the Federal Hydrometeorological Services in the period 1985 to 1995

indicated the preservation and high air quality with almost the smallest disposition of sulfur,

nitrogen and heavy metals, compared to other parts of Serbia.

Water – A relatively preserved quality of surface water and groundwater is conditioned by the

degree of (under)development of the area. This applies primarily to the absence of major

production facilities and low-populated area, although the dispersed settlements with a number

of villages are an impediment to the construction of water and sewage pipe line network.

Surface water quality in the major part of the area has been preserved. Water quality of the two

major rivers Studenica and Moravica does not correspond in all criteria to the demanded quality

category. The major pollution comes from the organic substances from the settlements.

Groundwater pollution is the result of an inadequate treatment of cess pits in all villages.

Land – It is primarily threatened by erosion, inappropriate agricultural activities, ploughing of

pastures and meadows at higher altitudes and slopes, particularly for potato fields, and by using

artificial fertilizers and plant protection products, along with the uncontrolled disposal of waste.

Noise and ionizing radiation - the negative impact of noise is of local character, however there

is no ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination.

At the area of Golija people leave villages, and there is a trend of population aging, that is,

Golija area is endangered in demographic terms. For these reasons, currently speaking, natural

ecosystems in Golija are exposed to insignificant anthropogenic influences.

2.2 Updated background information about the biosphere reserve.

Golija is the highest mountain in southwestern Serbia, extending at a letter "s" shaped area of

32 km in length. The highest peak is Jankov kamen (1833 m). Its beauty and diversity of

landscape, as well as the preserved original, natural and cultural values, make it one of the most

attractive mountains in Serbia, which was placed under protection in 2001 as a Nature park

"Golija", at an area of 75.183 ha.

Nature Park "Golija" gained the status of a Biosphere Reserve under the name "Golija-

Studenica" in 2001 and became the first Biosphere Reserve in Serbia. The conserved nature

with a large number of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic and relict, and the

Studenica monastery, which has been on the the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural

Heritage List since 1986, have contributed to the designation of the Reserve. The area of the

Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica" is 53.804 hectares and includes part of the Nature Park

"Golija" at the area of the forest governance units Ivanjica and Kraljevo.

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Biosphere Reserve encompasses a larger part of the Nature Park territory, which is located in

the following areas: Ivanjica Municipality - Moravica district (11 whole cadastral

municipalities and parts of 4 cadastral municipalities): whole - Brusnik, Vionica, Vrmbaje,

Vučak, Glenica, Gradac, Dajići, Dobri do, Koritnik, Kumanica, Čečina, and parts thereof:

Erčege, Bratljevo, Medovine, Smiljevac; the City of Kraljevo - Raška District (8 whole

cadastral municipalities and parts of 4 cadastral municipalities): whole – Brezova, Bzovik, Vrh,

Dolac, Dražiniće, Miliće, Reka, Rudno and parts thereof: Savovo, Orlja glava, Ušće and Zasad.

The area of Golija is unique due to the forest ecosystem values, the diversity of landscapes and

exceptional beauty of the landscapes, cultural goods and their surroundings (the monasteries

Studenica and Gradac), durability and quality of basic natural resources (water, soil and plant

cover), the biodiversity consisting of rare, endemic and relict species, geological heritage

consisting of unusual and attractive relief forms and numerous water bodies and phenomena

such as sources of mountain water streams and peat bog lakes.

The area of Golija itself is bordered by Ibar river valley in the east, Raška and Ljutska river in

the south, Moravica in the west and the central part of the Studenica river valley in the north

and northeast. It is characterized by the abundance of water and a variety of wildlife. The basins

of Moravica and Studenica rivers with their numerous tributaries are major factors of

geomorphological processes and relief forms.

The essential features of climate are primarily determined by the geographical location,

diversity of relief, altitude, vegetation and other factors. These factors significantly influence

the diversity of climate in the Reserve. According to the data on certain elements of climate

(Gajić, M. 1989), there are three climate zones: valley zone with hills, transitional and

mountain zone. These zones are mainly conditioned by the relief, direction of the river valleys

stretching, in the first place Moravica and Studenica rivers, and the exposure of certain areas.

Golija is adorned by an expanse of forest cover. Beech forests are particularly distributed. Some

parts of these forests have the character of rainforest. Golija is now most densely forested

mountain in Serbia, with the largest and best forest complexes. Its southern slopes are covered

with vast meadows and pastures. Mires have been preserved in the spruce forests, as specific

and sensitive ecosystems.

Golija together with the mountain Tara is a refuge of the tertiary flora in Serbia and it is

important as a center of genetic, species and ecosystem diversity in the Balkans and in Europe.

Floristic biodiversity of Golija consists of about 900 taxa of plants, of which 729 species are

vascular fungi, 40 species are moss, 117 species and varieties are algae. Endemic and relict

species and species that have become endangered are of special importance in the flora.

Among the preserved natural rarities, the relict and endemic tree species of maple (Acer

heldreichii) stands out, which is a synonym for the flora of Golija.

In Serbia, the most beautiful and best preserved communities with dense populations of

mountain maple are on Golija. In addition to maple, of special floristic importance is holly (Ilex

16



aquiifolium), as well as endemic species: Alyssum markgrafii, Alyssum jancheni, Pancicia

serbica, Viola elegantula and Verbascum adamovicin.

The species Pancicia serbica and Thymus adamovicii have the characteristics of local endemic

species and the species of international importance for biodiversity conservation.

The following sites are important in botanical terms: Dajićko jezero, Košaninova jezera,

Tresava na Belim vodama, Palež, Jankov kamen, Ljute livade, Vlaški most, Karalići, Izubra,

Bojevo brdo, Devojačka voda, Odvraćenica, Biser voda-Vranji krš-Lisa-Borje.

Golija is also a mountain range of great biological diversity, i.e. one of the most important

European centers of ornithological, species and genetic diversity.

In Golija, it has so far been recorded 45 species of birds that belong to the group of natural

rarities, and approximately 90 species that are candidates for the Red Book of Birds in Serbia.

Special cultural and historical value of Golija is the Studenica monastery, founded in the late

twelfth century, as a major endowment of the founder of the dynasty of Nemanjić, Stefan

Nemanja. The monastery had in time become the most important cultural center of the new

Serbian medieval state with the greatest impact on the social and cultural development of the

country. It had often been destroyed and rebuilt again. In the XII and XIII century the monastery

complex included 13 churches with supporting facilities, the two of which remained well

preserved till present day: the Holy Virgin Church and the Church of St. Joachim and Anna.

Studenica Monastery, undoubtedly, is one of the most valuable buildings in Serbian

architecture and one of the most important centers of medieval life. More than 20 years ago its

values have placed it beyond the borders of our country to the UNESCO World Cultural and

Natural Heritage List (since 1986).

Gradac monastery, built in 1268, is the endowment of Queen Jelena of Anjou, Princess of

French origin and the wife of Serbian King Uroš I. The very well educated Serbian queen spent

a lifetime in the Serbian court, and had a powerful impact on education and culture. The Queen

founded the first school within the monastery for the education of young girls from noble

families. Traditional tales and records show that the king Uroš I ordered the planting of lilacs

along the Ibar river bank, in order to beautify the landscape in honor of Queen Jelena. This

explains the nowadays lilacs in the gorge of Ibar river. Gradac Monastery with the Church of

the Annunciation, in architectural and constructional terms, is a unique work of medieval

Serbian architecture. Never before or after the Church of the Annunciation, had it been repeated

such a harmonious blend of western gothic elements and eastern Byzantine architecture.

The monastery was built in the old cult place, and the only surviving building from the early

times is an one-nave small church of St. Nicholas. In 1268 began the masonry of the central

temple, dormitory, dining space and monastery walls with two entrance gates. However, there

are no written testimonies of the monastery building and frescoes. For a long time it had been

abandoned and in XX century it was a ruin. A major reconstruction of the monastery began in

1962 and it still lasts.

17



2.2.1 Updated coordinates (if applicable). If any changes in the biosphere reserve’s

standard geographical coordinates, please provide them here (all projected under WGS

84):

Cardinal points: Latitude Longitude

Most central point: 43 23’ 42”

20 21’ 58”

74 48 604

48 05 848

Northernmost point: 43 33’ 15”

20 20’ 32”

74 46 857

48 23 521

Southernmost point: 43 16’ 32”

20 21’ 32”

74 47 959

47 92 586

Westernmost point: 43 24’ 46”

20 09’ 22”

74 31 666

48 07 971

Easternmost point: 43 29’ 07”

20 33’ 33”

74 64 343

48 15 782

2.2.2 If necessary, provide an updated map on a topographic layer of the precise location

and delimitation of the three zones of the biosphere reserve Map(s) shall be provided in

both paper and electronic copies. Shape files (also in WGS 84 projection system) used to

produce the map must also be attached to the electronic copy of the form.

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2.2.3 Changes in the human population of the biosphere reserve.

Most recent census data:



and date

At present (please state date of

census or other source)

Core Area(s) (permanent

and seasonally)

Buffer Zone(s) (permanent

and seasonally)

Transition Area(s)

(permanent and seasonally)

72003 6264

4

2.2.4 Update on conservation function, including main changes since last report. (Note briefly here and refer to 4 below).

Josif Pančić, a known nature scientist, initiated floral research on Golija in the 19th

century. He

botanized in 1856, 1866 and 1875 respectively on Golija, Javor and Mučanj mountains, as

mentioned in “Flora of the Dukedom of Serbia”, published in 1974 and its addition (Pančić,

1884). Pančić mentions 29 plant species.

Studies of flora and vegetation and of algae and mosses, in the early 20th

century are associated

with Nedeljko Košanin. Particularly important is his work concerning hydrobiology of Dajić

Lake (Košanin, 1908) and describes the initial state of the lake, which fifty years later was

placed under governmental nature protection.

Research of flora and vegetation in Golija was discontinued from the time of Košanin to the

sixties, when it was resumed. Studies of flora, phytogeography, phytocoenology, and ecology

by botanists and foresters in past decades increased the level of knowledge of the vegetation life

on Golija. Blecić and Tatić (1962, 1964) studied the vegetation of juniper forests, meadows and

pastures. Systematic and comprehensive team and stationary research of Golija mountain began

in the seventies, guided by M. Gajić. Several new subspecies and varieties have been described.

Many of the researches were used in preparing master or doctoral/PhD dissertations. The best-

studied disciplines of natural history are geology, flora and vegetation; less research has been

made in fauna.

As to research in social sciences, historical studies are particularly intensive, because the region

of Biosphere Reserve was the centre of the medieval Serbian State.

A meteorological station was established at Bele Vode in 1955; the monitoring was daily until

1979.

3 According to 2002 Census of Population, Households and Dwellings. The data are shown according to localities

(settlements) relative to the valid administrative-territorial state on January 1, 2002. Since the Biosphere Reserve includes the

whole and partial settlements, the number of population is approximately determined.

4 2011Census of Population in Serbia

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The nature of Golija has been also studied from the nature conservation aspect. The Institute of

Nature Conservation of Serbia prepared the “Nature Protection Study of Nature Park Golija”

(2001), on which basis The Regulation for Protection of Nature Park Golija was proclaimed.

Golija has been included in the revised list of IBAs in Serbia5.

PE „Srbijašume” perform research work in order to protect the forests against abiotic harmful

effects. In accordance, few of the scientific papers related to abiotic research and monitoring

have been done.

Monitoring program in forestry has been effective from 1956. The detailed inventory of the

forest ecosystems is one of the obligations defined by The Forestry Law. These actions must be

taken every ten years.

Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, conducts the activities in conservation and

development of natural heritage of Serbia. The Institute has been performing research work and

studying of the biodiversity and geodiversity in Golija for the last 50 years, as well as

monitoring of the condition of natural resources for the last 20 years.

Many other researches have been performed on Golija. One of the last is related to the

preparation of “The medium-term program for the improvement of the fisheries in the fishing

area of Nature Park Golija for the period 2009-2012”, which involved over 10 scientists from

different institutions.

Socio-economic research was performed at the area of Golija (wider area of the biosphere

reserve and nature park) for the purpose of Spatial plan of special purpose for Nature Park

Golija, which was adopted in 2009.

2.2.5 Update on the development function, including main changes since last report. (Note briefly here and refer to 5 below).

- In the previous period it has been recorded an increased number of tourists at the area of

the Biosphere Reserve, and the increased number of tourists / days spent in existing and

new hotels and accommodation facilities in the vicinity of the Reserve.

- The guests profile was directly related to the programs and activities offered at the

Reserve (recreational fishing, hunting, skiing, medicinal herbs and forest fruits collecting,

cycling, mountaineering in summer and winter, and other forms of active rest). It was

particularly noted that the interest was raised in the scientific and technical research and

excursions, educational programs and schools in nature.

- Of particular importance is the recording of the raise in tourist accommodation capacities

within households in rural communities on the territory of the Reserve.

- In relation to the previously stated facts, an increasing demand for local, traditional food

products has also been recorded.

5 Puzović et al, 2009.

20



2.2.6 Update on logistic support function, including main changes since last report. (Note briefly here and refer to 6 below).

- Within establishing a database (on the basis of GIS technology), an application for the

database on natural and man-made values of the Reserve was created and put into

operation. In order to create a database application, a team of professionals was made.

- Visitors Centre "Bele vode" became fully operational, as a center for providing various

information and logistical support to the visitors and guests of the Reserve.

- Guarding and supervision service in charge of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija - Studenica"

area was enhanced in terms of staff and equipment.

2.2.7 Update on governance management and coordination, including changes since last

report (if any) in hierarchy of administrative divisions, coordination structure. (Note briefly here and refer to 7 below).

- In 2015, the Council of Biosphere Reserve "Golija - Studenica" was formed as an

executive and decision-making body responsible for the planning and management of the

proposed Biosphere Reserve. The Council consists of the representatives of government

administration and professional state institutions, the managers, international

organizations (WWF) and local self-governments;

- A deision was made to establish the Forum of stakeholders of the Biosphere Reserve

"Golija-Studenica", an advisory body, which has 15 members and represents a wide range

of interests of all stakeholders from all five municipalities. Each municipal forum should

nominate 3 members representing the range of interests and complementing each other.

- The Forum has not been formed so far.

2.3 The authority/authorities in charge of coordinating/managing the biosphere reserve:

(Comment on the following topics as much as is relevant).

- Upon the designation of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica", The Government of

the Republic of Serbia adopted a Decision on the establishment of the Coordination

Board for the Protection and Development of the Golija area in 2002, the task of which

was to coordinate the activities on the preparation of the program and the master plan for

socio-economic and environmentally sustainable development of Golija area, in

accordance with the criteria of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica" or Nature Park

"Golija" natural and cultural heritage conservation, and with the need to improve the

quality of inhabitants` life at the area with the development of appropriate activities. The

Coordination Board for the Protection and Development of the Golija area has operated

until 2004, so the PE "Srbijašume" as part of the management of Nature Park "Golija"

also performed the tasks related to the operation of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-

Studenica". The Administration of the Reserve is part of the PE "Srbijašume", which

performs and coordinates all the activities within the scope of work and projects in the

Reserve.

21



- Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia was established by the Government of the

Republic of Serbia to perform activities on the conservation and improvement of nature

in Serbia. The scope of work of the Institute is determined according to the Law on

Nature Conservation ("Official Gazette of RS", No. 36/2009 and 88/2010), the Decision

on the Establishment of the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia ("Official Gazette

of RS" no. 18/2010) and the Statute of the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia

("Official Gazette of RS", No. 73/2010).

- Central MAB Program Office has its headquarters at UNESCO in Paris, whereas the

MAB Sub-Committee is within the National Commission for UNESCO of the Serbian

Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

2.3.1 Updates to cooperation/management policy/plan, including vision statement, goals

and objectives, either current or for the next 5-10 years

The "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve comprises the territory of the "Golija" Nature Park

in the area of:

the Municipality of Ivanjica (11 whole cadastral municipalities (CMs) and parts of 4

CMs) - whole: Brusnik, Vionica, Vrmbaje, Vučak, Gleđica, Gradac, Dajići, Dobri do,

Koritnik, Kumanica and Čečina, parts: Erčege, Bratljevo, Medovine and Smiljevac;

the City of Kraljevo (8 whole CMs and parts of 4 CMs) – whole: Brezovica, Bzovik, Vrh,

Dolac, Dražiniće, Miliće, Reka and Rudno, parts: Savovo, Orlja glava, Ušće and Zasad.

The Government of the Republic of Serbia (in accordance with the new Law on Nature

Protection, "Official Gazette RS" No. 36 of 15 May 2009) entrusted the State Enterprise

"Srbijašume" Belgrade to be the Guardian Manager of the"Golija-Studenica" BR.

The tasks of direct nature park management in the field are conducted by the Manager of the

the ''Golija'' Nature Park and parts of SE for Forest Management "Srbijašume", i.e. the Forest

Estates "Golija" - Ivanjica, "Šumarstvo" - Raška and "Stolovi" - Kraljevo.

According to the Law on Nature Protection, the Protected Area Management Plan is a

document by which the entity in charge of managing the protected area plans the following:

measures and activities of protection, conservation, promotion and use of protected areas;

guidelines and priorities for the protection and conservation of the protected area’s natural

values, as well as development guidelines respecting the needs of local residents.

The Manager draws up a Management Plan for a ten-year period, approved by the ministry

responsible for environmental protection, because the Act on the Protection of Mountains

Golija and Radočelo was adopted by the Government of the Republic of Serbia.

The Management Plan of "Golija" Nature Park, within which the "Golija - Studenica" BR is

found, was made for the period 2011-2020 and in accordance with:

• the Law on Nature Protection (Article 53 prescribes the contents of the Plan) and

• the Decree on the Protection of "Golija" Nature Park ("Official Gazette RS", No. 45/2001 of

20 July 2001).

22



The objectives of environmental and nature protection in the area of "Golija" NP and "Golija -

Studenica" BR are:

(1) The preservation, protection and enhancement of sites of special natural value and rarity and

their appropriate use for scientific research, education, public presentation and recreation, in

accordance with the ecological potentials of the area;

(2) the preservation of biodiversity;

(3) the preservation, protection and improvement of landscape and environmental values of the

area including flora, fauna, soil, water, air, forests, pastures and meadows, hunting and fishing

fauna, with their designated use on the principles of sustainable development;

(4) the preservation, protection and promotion of Golija's cultural and historical heritage and

environmental protection of immovable cultural assets;

(5) organized, multidisciplinary and long-term scientific research of the Nature Park, education

of all population groups and sectoral professions, presentation and popularization of the NP

values;

(6) conducting prevention of further disturbance and degradation of the park habitat through

system management, control and monitoring and protection from natural disasters;

(7) aimed development of existing and new activities based on resources and tradition of the

park area and its immediate environment, the development of tourism, sport and recreation in

accordance with the park functions;

"Golija" NP Management Plan for the period 2011 - 2020, as a medium-term document, is

realized through annual management programmes by which detailed and precise definition is

given regarding tasks, works and activities, as well as the material-financial and organizational

conditions of their execution.

Scheduled tasks can be classified into 4 groups:

1) Continuous tasks: securing, keeping of internal order in "Golija" NP; marking, maintenance

and arrangement of "Golija" NP; monitoring of natural values; scientific research and

educational work; promotion and presentation of fundamental values of the protected area.

2) Urgent tasks: drafting detailed urban plans, planning documents; harmonization of plans

and programems with the Decree on Protection; marking of "Golija" NP; equipping the Ranger

Service; establishing the Water-Bailiff Service; legalization of constructed infrastructural

facilities and individual objects that are compliant with the protection regimes; prevention of

further illegal construction.

3) Priority tasks: identification of boundaries in the fiel; initiating the establishment of a

database; designing of sites for "Golija" NP visitors; establishing cooperation with local

residents, local self-government and other users of the protected area (PE of EPS, PE of PTT

etc.).

4) Deferred tasks: tasks to be carried out after year 2015 in the field of tourism development,

organic agriculture, establishment of the ecological network, monitoring etc.

23



2.3.2 Budget and staff support, including approximate average annual amounts (or range

from year-to-year); main sources of funds (including financial partnerships established

(private/public), innovative financial schemes); special capital funds (if applicable);

number of full and/or part-time staff; in-kind contribution of staff; volunteer

contributions of time or other support.

Given that the "Golija" NP Management Plan is drawn up for a period of 10 years, allocated

funds are also included that need to be distributed for the Plan realization by institutions, which

can be seen in the following table:

No. Institution Amount (EUR) %

1 SE “Srbijašume“ 823.883 40,00

2 Ministry of Environment 823.883 40,00

3 Мinistry of Economy and Regional

Development – Tourism Sector 123.582 6,00

4 Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and

Water Management 102.985 5,00

5 Environmental Protection Fund (EPF) 82.388 4,00

6 National Investment Plan (NIP) 61.791 3,00

7 Municipalities 41.194 2,00

Total 2.059.708 100,00

The area of the Biosphere Reserve is characterized by pronounced depopulation and

underdevelopment. Thus the Manager has to cope with an extremely difficult task to cooperate

with and educate the remaining elderly population and, on parallel with these activities, to

contribute to a certain percentage of the displaced population to return to the Golija area. Of

course, this is only possible with the support of relevant government authorities, primarily in

the field of security and provision of necessary funding for the management of the Biosphere

Reserve (in the period 2002-2011, the total costs of the activities undertaken to manage the

"Golija" NP amounted to about € 3.2 million, while the co-funding from the Ministry of

Environment was only € 465.853; other funding was provided by the Manager from forestry

activity and partly from the fees collected for using the "Golija" NP).

An Annual Management Plan for the "Golija" NP (within which the "Golija – Studenica" BR is

found) is made by the Manager every year.

At the moment there are 35 rangers employed on a permanent basis performing their duties to

keep the "Golija" NP safe (an increase of employee number is planned from 35 to 40), As

regards their engagement in 2016, the following funds are allocated:

Predicted Gross Earnings for Ranger Service (EUR) Executor

MAEP: 75.833 WU“Golija Nature

Park“ Manager: 31.700

Collected Fees: 25.000

The activities within the "Golija" NP are partially performed by the relevant

sectors/departments of the Manager (SE “Srbijašume“) that deal with: general & legal affairs,

hunting, fishing & other resources, planning & forest management and finance & accounting.

24



For the making of management documents for the "Golija" NP (Management Programme and

Annual Performance Report) programmes and reports on managing fisheries areas, and for the

development and implementation of strategic assessments of environmental impact and other

programmes and projects, senior officers for private forests and environmental protection from

three forest estates are responsible (FE “Golija“ - Ivanjica, FE “Stolovi“ - Kraljevo, FE

“Šumarstvo“ – Raška), as well as the "Golija" NP Manager.

Throughout the year, the "Golija" NP Manager is involved in the activities of realization and

implementation control of the programmes and plans and coordination among forest estates and

among local self-governments. For the work done by the senior officers and the Manager at the

"Golija" NP, the funds are planned as follows:

Predicted Gross Earnings for Other Staff Employed

by the Manager (EUR)

Executor

MAEP: 5.993

WU “Golija Nature Park Manager: 19.173

Collected Fees:

2.3.3 Communications strategy for the biosphere reserve including different approaches

and tools geared towards the community and/or towards soliciting outside support.

Manager of the Biosphere Reserve employs efforts to maintain communication with all

stakeholders in order to develop the Reserve in a sustainable way. In order to present the

information about the Biosphere Reserve and its importance for sustainable development to as

much people as possible, the manager has established the communication in the first place with

a population that lives within the boundaries of the Biosphere Reserve, and then with other

users of the Reserve and other stakeholders on both national and international level, who have

interest in the Biosphere Reserve Golija-Studenica.

A web site creation for Biosphere Reserve, as part of the "Srbijašume" website, or as a separate

website, is one of the priorities in the coming period, since the manager has had no technical

capabilities and capacities in the past considering the website. On this site, users will have the

chance to get informed about the characteristics of Biosphere Reserve, the activities of the

manager, as well as to give their suggestions on how to improve the current state of the reserve.

It has also been planned to create a website portal which would enable the visitors to share

different experiences and suggestions related to the Biosphere Reserve.

2.3.4 Strategies for fostering networks of cooperation in the biosphere reserve that serve

as connections (“bridging”) among diverse groups in different sectors of the community

(e.g. groups devoted to agricultural issues, local economic development, tourism,

conservation of ecosystems, research and monitoring).

The strategy for the promotion of cooperation between the various stakeholders in the

Biosphere Reserve is based on their mutual connection, so that in their talks and the talks with

the manager they might express their views and suggestions regarding further work within the

Biosphere Reserve. One of the activities on the establishment of communication between

different stakeholders is the establishment of the Council of Biosphere Reserve (2015), which

is composed of the representatives of the institutions at the state and local levels, and has a role

25



in determining the current issues, encountered by the manager and the users, through the review

of activities and the current situation, and in proposing actions for their elimination. In addition

to forming the Council of Biosphere Reserve, the Forum of Stakeholders "Golija" was formed

of the representatives of various stakeholders. Forum of Stakeholders "Golija" has the task to

establish a dialogue in order to determine the current issues encountered by users of the

Biosphere Reserve and the local population, and to inform the Council of Biosphere Reserve

about that, so that the Council would take part in their solving. Municipal forums participating

in the activities of Biosphere Reserve are an open group of members for each of the five

municipalities of the Biosphere Reserve. These forums are composed of all stakeholders

(governmental agencies, NGOs, representatives of local people, entrepreneurs, etc.) that have

an interest in the Biosphere Reserve.

Of particular importance is the strategy for working with the local population residing within

the boundaries of the Biosphere Reserve, and whose activities may lead to improvement or

degradation of the state of the Reserve. The local population in relation to the manager of the

Biosphere Reserve is a valuable source of information on various activities and processes

within the Reserve. In the previous period, the cooperation / participation of different

stakeholders was at the level of information and consultation, and the plan for future is that

stakeholders become involved as an equal partner in decision-making at the Biosphere Reserve

(Arnstein, 1969).

2.3.5 Particular vision and approaches adopted for addressing the socio- cultural

context and role of the biosphere reserve (e.g. promotion of local heritage resources,

history, cultural and cross-cultural learning opportunities; cooperation with local

population; reaching out to recent immigrant groups, indigenous people etc.).

In 2012 the Municipal Administration of Ivanjica marked pedestrian paths and arranged lake

shores in the Nature Park "Golija", as part of the project "Golija lakes-myths and legends". At

the area surrounding Košaninova lakes and Nebeska suza lakes two mountain trails have been

planned. The first mountain trail Pridvorica - Košaninova lakes - Slatina - Braduljica -

Pridvorica is 14 km long and it is categorized as an easy hiking trail. The route of this circular

trail begins in the village of Pridvorica then continues along the river Studenica and towards

Košaninova lakes to the site Molitva as the final destination. In the opposite direction the trail

goes down the river Studenica to the village Slatina and further partly through regional road

Ivanjica - Studenica to the site Braduljica, and then over the hill Gradina all the way to the

village of Pridvorica. Another mountain trail is Dajića hill – Bele vode – Mrtvi kraj – Lovačka

čeka - Okruglica lake at a length of about 16 km.

Organized by the Republic Agency for Spatial Planning and the Ministry of Environment,

Mining and Spatial Planning, a meeting entitled "The protection, development and management

of Nature Park Golija and Biosphere Reserve Golija-Studenica" was held in June 7 and 8, 2012

at the Studenica monastery dormitory (near the monastery Studenica). The meeting was

attended by the representatives of the Republic Agency for Spatial Planning, Ministry of

Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, the

26



Republic Institute for the Protection of Cultural Monuments, and the representatives of

Association of National Parks and Protected Areas.

"Srbijašume", the manager of the Nature Park "Golija" and the Youth Center "Duga" from Novi

Pazar, implemented the project "Learning from Nature", in which the "Amphitheater in nature"

was built in the protected area. The construction of the "Amphitheater in nature" is within the

Nature Park "Golija", in the Municipality of Novi Pazar, Cadastral municipality Muhovo,

cadastral lot no. 961, on the route Odvraćenica-Golijska river, at a site called "Muhovica". The

"Amphitheater in nature" consists of sports court (classical field with two goals), playground

for children (seesaw, wooden swings and benches) and a green classroom consisting of a part

for the presenter/lecturer, wooden info board, desk and chair, a part with benches and two

eaves, along with the part for the disabled children and the access path. "Amphitheater in

nature" will be at the disposal of the visitors to Nature Park "Golija", members of the Youth

Center "Duga" from Novi Pazar, primary and secondary schools, as well as universities in the

Republic of Serbia and other institutions for education in nature.

In 2013 Youth Office in Raška Municipality in cooperation with PE "Srbijašume" implemented

a project on the mountain bike trails construction Raška - Kuti - Šeremetovica - Odvraćenica -

Jankov kamen - Devići – Rudno in the Nature Park "Golija". In 2014. Youth Office in Raška

Municipality in cooperation with PE "Srbijašume" continued the implementation of the project

"Completely naturally-going further", that is, the construction of cross country bike trails at the

route Rudno-Gradac. Bicycle path is connected to the path on the route Raška - Kuti -

Šeremetovica - Odvraćenica - Jankov kamen - Devići - Rudno. The construction of trails

included: GPS recording and routing, drafting the studies, development of the necessary road

signs and poles, signposting with cleaning and clearing the terrain - digging holes, concrete

works and installation of poles.

2.3.6 Use of traditional and local knowledge in the management of the biosphere reserve.

The model of inclusion of traditional local knowledge and the knowledge related to

management practices are connected to the work of advisory bodies, within which stakeholders

and local communities participate in the development programs of the Biosphere Reserve. This

pertains to the work of the Council of Biosphere Reserve, which is represented by the executive

and decision-making body responsible for planning and management of the Biosphere Reserve.

The Council has 9 to 11 members, one of whom is a president of the Forum of stakeholders

"Golija". The Council of Biosphere Reserve, besides the key representatives of governmental

institutions and civil society organizations, is attended by the representatives of local

communities and the private sector. On the other hand, the Forum of stakeholders "Golija" is an

advisory body consisting of 15 members representing a wide range of interests and knowledge

of all stakeholders from all five municipalities surrounding the Biosphere Reserve: Ivanjica,

Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Raška and Sjenica. Members of the Forum are appointed from each

municipal forum. Each municipal forum should nominate 3 members representing the range of

interests and complementing each other (no need to duplicate roles) in different fields covering

27



all relevant developments activities (agriculture, tourism, education, civil sector, private

initiatives, etc.).

Municipal forums are open groups of members representing each of the five municipalities,

which consist of all stakeholders (government agencies, NGOs, representatives of local people,

private entrepreneurs, etc.) that have their interest in the Biosphere Reserve. The meetings are

public and everyone from the municipality may attend and participate in the meetings and other

gatherings. The meetings of the Forum of stakeholders "Golija" precede the meetings of the

Council, so that the decision makers in the Council would be informed about attitudes and

guidelines of the Forum by the Chairman of the Forum.

Since the traditional knowledge related to the development management of the area of

Biosphere Reserve has shown positive results leading to the strengthening of partnership

between stakeholders from each municipality located in the surrounding of the Reserve, the

workshops of educational character was held on December 11th

, 2014 at the Studenica

Monastery dormitory. The workshop was attended by the municipal officials in charge of

development, agriculture and environmental protection sector, the representatives of tourist

organizations, schools, NGOs, and youth offices from all five municipalities. The workshop

was organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection, Institute for

Nature Conservation of Serbia, "Srbijašume" and WWF, Serbia. This workshop included

interactive educational activities for the representatives of each municipality and sector, who

presented their experience in managing the development of their sector at the area of the

Biosphere Reserve, and gave their opinion on the presented models of good management

practices in European biosphere reserves.

This kind of work has enabled the participants to define the vision of the Biosphere Reserve

"Golija-Studenica", or what they wanted to achieve in the future development management of

the area. These conclusions included the following: the area of Biosphere Reserve "Golija

Studenica" is strictly controlled and regulated area in accordance with the needs of nature

conservation and the local population protection, in which the schools have been reopened and

multi-functional rural households and their operations have become hereditary, and the

preserved natural and cultural heritage through sustainable tourism provides income to the local

population residing in and around the reserve.

Participants of the meeting also expressed the initiative that one of the activities of the Council

of Biosphere Reserve and the Forum of stakeholders "Golija" should be the support to

educational programs and trainings that would enable the representatives of institutions and

organizations in the certain sectors (tourism, agriculture, economy, education, culture) of some

municipalities to present their good practices and to implement training for involvement of

people from other municipalities in the same or similar programs. Such an approach would

enable the expansion of specific activities and programs, and the creation of new development

initiatives.

2.3.7 Community cultural development initiatives. Programmes and actions to promote

community language, and, both tangible and intangible cultural heritage. Are spiritual

and cultural values and customary practices promoted and transmitted?

The Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica include parts of the two municipalities Ivanjica and

Kraljevo, and 19 cadastral municipalities and parts of 8 cadastral municipalities:

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Municipality of Ivanjica: cadastral municipalities of Brusnik, Vionica, Vrmbaje, Vučak,

Glenica, Gradac, Dajići, Dobri do, Koritnik, Kumanica, Čečina, and parts of Erčege,

Bratljevo, Medovine and Smiljevac;

Municipality of Kraljevo: cadastral municipalities of Brezova, Bzovik, Vrh, Dolac,

Dražiniće, Miliće, Reka, Rudno, and parts of Savovo, Orlja glava, Ušće and Zasad.

The Transition Area, within the boundaries of the Golija – Studenica Biosphere Reserve, has

dispersed rural communities` characteristic of mountainous regions. Such settlements occupy a

large area and are divided into hamlets. The central part of the settlements and hamlets as well

as individual households is spatially dispersed. The names of hamlets are given usually by the

people who established them.

The largest settlements are Brezova and Koritnik, followed by Međurečje, Bratljevo, Kovilje,

Bele Vode, Deviće, Studenica, Savovo, and others. The smallest settlements are Gradac and

Vrh.

Life on Golija is at the crossroads of traditional and modern way of life.

The major activity is livestock rearing and extensive farming, and collecting secondary forest

products (mushrooms, medicinal herbs, etc.).

Production of diary products, cheese and kajmak (type of cream), of which people survived for

centuries on Golija, begun to wane due to decrease in cattle number and depopulation. Golija is

well known of its potatoes production.

They mostly distribute their products to Ivanjica and Kraljevo, less to the larger cities of Serbia,

and negligee export.

The largest population is Serbian, and the number of minorities is very small.

Golija was a centre of spiritual and religious life from the middle Ages through the 17th

century. The cultural and historical value of Golija is characterised by numerous traces and

presence of cultural and historical heritage throughout the area.

The monument of culture of exceptional significance is Monastery of Studenica. It was founded

in late 12th century, as the main endowment of the founder of the Nemajić’s Dynasty, Stefan

Nemanja. It became the most significant spiritual centre of new Serb Medieval State, with the

greatest influence on the social and cultural development of the country. It was frequently

destroyed and restored. In the 17th and 18th centuries, the Monastery complex consisted of 13

churches with other buildings, of which today there are only two: Church of Virgin -

“Bogorodičina” and Church „Joachim and Ann“. Monastery Studenica, is undoubtedly one of

the most valuable buildings among the Serbian masterpieces and one of the most significant

centres of Medieval events. As its value surpasses the borders of our country, it is on UNESCO

List of World Cultural and Natural Heritage since 1986.

Monuments of culture of high significance are: Church St. Aleksija (17th century, Milići),

Church St. George (12th century, Vrh), Church of Virgin (15th century, Dolac), Church St.

Nicolas (14th century, Palež), Gornja Isposnica (13th century, Savovo), Donja Isposnica (13th

century, Savovo), Monastery Kovilje (17th century, Pridvorica) and Holy Transfiguration

Church (12th century, Pridvorica).

29



Monuments of culture – cultural heritage (declared, uncategorized): Church of St. Kuzman and

Damjan (17th century, Ostatija), House of Venejamin Marinković (19th century, Vionica),

Church of St. Nicolas (Rudno), House of Periša Damjanović (19th century, Dražiniće, Rudno).

Monuments of culture – recorded (Data of the Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments

from Kraljevo): Old bridge (16th – 17th century, Kumanica), Gradac Cross (17th century,

Gradac), Church in Srednja Reka (Srednja Reka).

2.3.8 Specify the number of spoken and written languages (including ethnic, minority and

endangered languages) in the biosphere reserve. Has there been a change in the number

of spoken and written languages? Has there been a revitalization programme for

endangered languages?

The main language spoken in the Biosphere Reserve is Serbian. Majority of the population are

Orthodox Christians.

2.3.8 Management effectiveness. Obstacles encountered in the management/coordination

of the biosphere reserve or challenges to its effective functioning.

The Management of the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve is faced with a number of

challenges, which negatively affects the implementation of plans as well as the preservation of

all the natural, cultural and historical values of the Biosphere Reserve. The most common

challenges are as follows:

legal and physical persons involved do not adopt/act in accordance with urban plans,

/forest/hunting/fisheries/fishing/water management plans and/or other projects and

programmes adopted in compliance with the Spatial Plan of Special Purpose for Golija

Nature Park;

they do not act in accordance with the provisions of the Law on Nature Protection related to

the following obligations: to obtain Conditions for Nature and Environmental Protection; to

provide appropriate approvals for undertaking various activities on the territory of the

Biosphere Reserve and to act in compliance with the adopted urban plans, projects and

various other management plans;

they do not introduce a uniform waste management system in the area of the Biosphere

Reserve;

they do not adequately address the construction of the sewage system in the settlements and

future tourist centres in the "Golija" Nature Park area;

they do not establish an adequate system of energy use in the "Golija" NP area.

2.4 Comment on the following matters of special interest in regard to this biosphere

reserve: (Refer to other sections below where appropriate).

2.4.1 Is the biosphere reserve addressed specifically in any local, regional or/and national

development plan? If so, what plan(s)? Briefly describe such plans that have been

completed or revised in the past 10 years.

- According to the Spatial Plan of the Nature Park Golija, and for the purpose of the

Biosphere Reserve, it has been planned to build facilities for the Reserve (Center of the

Nature Park in Bele vode, other centers of the Nature Park in Golijska reka and

Šeremetovica, the Scientific-research and educational centers in Šeremetovica, Kovilj and

30



Srednja reka, the Forestry and hunting centers in the villages, the Forestry and hunting

centers outside the settlements, the Development center of the Park, the Information centres

within each sub-municipal and municipal center). The main hunting and tourism offer

consists of hunting the bred species and game animals (deer and wild boar), to the extent and

under conditions which do not conflict with the provisions of the Protection of Nature Park

and Biosphere Reserve.

- Development Strategy of the City of Kraljevo and the Strategies of the Municipalities of

Ivanjica and Raška include a part that refers to the Biosphere Reserve.

- The basics of forest management, and the basic documents on hunting and fishing.

- Strategy of Tourism Development of the Republic of Serbia, which treats Golija as tourism

cluster in south-west Serbia – History and traditions of the rural pleasures.

- Spatial plan of special purpose for Nature Park Golija.

- Master plan of tourism development on Golija:

a. Recommends the focus on the following tourism products: mountain vacation (winter

and summer; skiing, sledding, snowboarding, hiking, mountaineering, cycling, etc),

tourism of special interests (walking, trekking, hiking, biking, rafting, kayaking,

horseback riding, observing flora and fauna, cultural activities, etc), rural tourism

(ecotourism, enjoy in the rural scenery, gastronomy, outdoor activities), MICE

(learning about the flora and fauna, team building, festivals, events, etc).

b. The list of proposed projects: Education programs on tourism and touristic activities

for local population; Program of Healthy food for tourism market; Panoramic path

Golija; Tourist signage and interpretation; System of Golija’s viewpoints; System of

internal mobility and parking; Interpretation centers; System of pedestrian and bike

trails; Pedestrian trail “The story of the mountain”; Trails for Nordic skiing;

Adventure park; Rudno eco/ethno village; Interpretation of the wider area of

Monastery of Studenica.

2.4.2 Outcomes of management/cooperation plans of government agencies and other

organizations in the biosphere reserve.

Development of the Program of protection and development of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-

Studenica" and its implementation are part of the ongoing process of protection and

development management, and therefore a good organization is needed for the long-term

operations and activities. The program defines the main directions of the organization and

coordination of development and protection of the Nature Park Golija:

- Improvement of organizational and personnel structures of the Park Administration for the

implementation of environmental protection, development and monitoring, and other

allocated tasks.

- Improvement of the organization is aimed at personnel and modern technological equipment

of employees at the Park Administration for the purpose of development activities

implementation, which is related to the project development cycle - initiating, proposing

cooperation in research, conducting part of the research and similar activities, with emphasis

on feasibility studies for development projects, which are complementary to the basic

tourism orientation within the Nature Park Golija development (agriculture, animal

breeding, beekeeping, crafts, the so-called "pure industries", traditional forms of economic

activity), and hiring a small number of highly qualified professionals (forestry engineer, an

economist, spatial / urban planner, biologist, etc.) at the Park Administration, in accordance

with the organization of activities and tasks stipulated by legal acts of the Park

Administration. Most part of the planned tasks and activities should be performed by the

organizational departments within "Srbijašume", as well as the competent institutions in the

31



field of nature and culture protection, and professional and competent institutions outside the

area of the Nature Park Golija.

- The coordination of the overall conservation and development activities at the Nature Park

Golija and the wider area of the Park is performed in coordination between the Park

Administration and users, in the scope of implementation of tasks and activities of common

interest to the Nature Park Golija.

- The manager identifies all users of the Nature Park area and establishes cooperation with

them, including local self-governments on the territory of the Park, and all relevant tourism

organizations, other businesses and local residents.

2.4.3 Continued involvement of local people in the work of the biosphere reserve. Which

communities, groups, etc. How are they involved?

The Manager of "Golija" NP and "Golija-Studenica" BR actively participates on the issues of

cooperation and conflict resolution with local residents. Apart from the local population, in the

cooperation are also included: NGOs, local self-government, the media, as well as local

businesses.

The following is a brief excerpt of work activities over the past 10 years, carried out by the

Manager together with the interest groups in the area of the "Golija-Studenica" BR:

Interest Group Purpose of Activity

Local Residents A joint initiative to design the site around the wellspring "Očna voda"

took place.

Local Residents

A traditional assembly (’Sabor’) took place at the site of Odvraćenicа.

On that occasion, the "Golija" NP Management took part in organizing

and preparing the grounds for the follow-up activities of the Sabor.

Local Residents

The Мanager attended "Nušićijada", a collage-like festival of culture

and entertainment in Ivanjica. On this occasion numerous art formats

were presented as part of a rich academic and educational programme.

Local self-government

The subject of the meeting with relevant institutions was: Prevention

of Illegal Construction on Golija and Legalization of Illegally

Constructed Buildings.


The subject of the meeting was: Joint Collaboration between "Golija"

NP Management and Ivanjica Municipality on the implementation of

the Programme of Protected Area Management, Reconstruction of

Rural Roads and Road Relocation near Dajićko Lake in order to

maintain the status quo and prevent further deterioration of the lake.


Meeting with the Head of the Environmental Protection &

Occupational Health and Safety Department of Novi Pazar

Municipality. The subject of the meeting was: Illegal Picking of

Indigenous Protected Blueberry Species (Vaccinium myrtillus) in the

Protected Area of the "Golija" NP.

The Media

The Public Service Broadcaster of Serbia, Ka Television Kraljevo,

Melos TV Kraljevo, Raška TV, Novi Pazar Regional TV, Jedinstvo

TV Novi Pazar are all the media that the Manager has cooperated

with for years as regards the presentation of natural and cultural

values, protection against forest fires, waste disposal and various

illegal activities. The "Golija" NP Manager also collaborates with the

32



“Forestry Journal“ Belgrade.

NGOs

Cooperation with the NGO - Ibar Valley Development Association

(IDA) within the project “Protection, Development and Promotion of

Tourism Potential in Golija NP“; a partner relationship of the local

government, state enterprise and civil society.

NGOs

NGO Golija Preservation and Development Association; the subject

of the meeting was: “Realization of Joint Cooperation on the

Management Programme Implementation for "Golija" NP Protected

Area“. A mutual cooperation was agreed related to the setting up of

information boards and signposts on the route Raška – Česta vrela -

Odvraćenica.

NGOs

NGO - Environmental and Forestry Centre "Silvija" from Novi Pazar

was given approval for mutual collaboration and participation in the

project “Water – Future Resource and Present Concern“.

NGOs

Cooperation was established with the Volunteer Fire Department

Kraljevo (DVD Kraljevo). The "Golija" NP Manager attended the

ceremonial session of the DVD Assembly on the premises of the fire

station in Kraljevo and the wreath laying ceremony at the memorial

plaque placed on the old fire station building.

NGOs

Cooperation was established and a conference held with the Hunting

Association "Čemernica" from Ivanjica. A hunters’ meeting was

organized called XIV Hunters’ Meeting (Sabor) "GOLIJA 2013".

NGOs

The Mountaineering Club "Stefan Nemanja" from Studenica asked for

approval to organize the 9th Meeting of Mountaineers and

Environmentalists on the site of Rudno in the period 09-12 August

2013.

Legal Entities

The Feast of Artisans (‘Slava’ - patron saint’s day of artisan guilds)

was celebrated. It was attended by representatives of the following

companies: Slatina, Radočelo, ŠPIK Ivanjica, Maja Ivanjica, joined

by the representatives of the "Golija" NP Management.

Legal Entities

A meeting was organized on the premises of the company "Novi

Pazar - Put AD" from Novi Pazar. The subject of the meeting was:

“Construction of the Road Odvraćenica - Golijska Reka“.

Legal Entities

Cooperation was established with legal entities with a plan to

construct Mini Hydro Power Plants (MHPP). Decision on the

conditions for nature protection for the preparation of technical

documentation and the establishment of MHPP "Vodice" on the

Brusnik River, Ivanjica Municipality - issued by the Institute for

Nature Conservation of Serbia to the company "Victoenergy" from

Kruševac; Decision on the conditions for nature protection for the

construction and establishment of MHPP "Rogopeč I"on the Brusnik

River - issued by the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia to the

company "Plamen AD"from Belgrade.

33



2.4.4 Women’s roles. Do women participate in community organizations and decision-

making processes? Are their interests and needs given equal consideration within the

biosphere reserve? What incentives or programmes are in place to encourage their

representation and participation? (e.g. was a “gender impact assessment” carried out?)

Are there any studies that examine a) whether men and women have different access to

and control over sources of income and b) which sources of income do women control? If

so, provide reference of these studies and/or a paper copy in an annex.

Women have the highest level of participation in the local organizations and the decision-

making process regarding the Biosphere Reserve "Golija - Studenica". The representatives of

women equally participate in all considerations, decisions, and consulting within the Municipal

Boards, the Council of the Reserve, PE "Srbijašume", and others.

2.4.5 Are there any changes in the main protection regime of the core area(s) and of the

buffer zone(s)?

There is no change of the first and the second degree of protection.

2.4.6 What research and monitoring activities have been undertaken in the biosphere

reserve by local universities, government agencies, stakeholders and/or linked with

national and international programs?


century. He


mentioned in “Flora of the Dukedom of Serbia”, published in 1974 and its addition (Pančić,

1884). Pančić mentions 29 plant species.

Studies of flora and vegetation and of algae and mosses, in the early 20th

century are associated

with Nedeljko Košanin. Particularly important is his work concerning hydrobiology of Dajić

Lake (Košanin, 1908) and describes the initial state of the lake, which fifty years later was

placed under governmental nature protection.

Research of flora and vegetation in Golija was discontinued from the time of Košanin to the

sixties, when it was resumed. Studies of flora, phytogeography, phytocoenology, and ecology

by botanists and foresters in past decades increased the level of knowledge of the vegetation life

on Golija. Blecić and Tatić (1962, 1964) studied the vegetation of juniper forests, meadows and

pastures. Systematic and comprehensive team and stationary research of Golija mountain began

in the seventies, guided by M. Gajić. Several new subspecies and varieties have been described.

Many of the researches were used in preparing master or doctoral/PhD dissertations. The best-

studied disciplines of natural history are geology, flora and vegetation; less research has been

made in fauna.



A meteorological station was established at Bele Vode in 1955; the monitoring was daily until

1979.




34



Golija has been included in the revised list of IBAs in Serbia6.


effects. Some of the scientific papers related to abiotic research and monitoring are listed

bellow:

- Milanović A., Milovanović B. (2010): A review of climate features of Golija Mountain in

the function of space evaluation. Zbornik radova PMF - Geografski institut, Beograd, iss. 58,

pp. 29-46.

- Urošev M. (2007): The Basin of Golijska Moravica – Hydrological analysis. Geografski

institut „Jovan Cvijić“, SANU, pp. 123.

- Simić M.M. (2003): Metallogeny of the northern part of the Golija ore district. Vesnik -

geologija, hidrologija i inženjerska geologija, iss. 53, pp. 345-402.

- Antonović A. (2002) Thorium in Serbia. Vesnik - geologija, hidrologija i inženjerska

geologija, iss. 52, pp. 157-181.












The following scientific and professional papers have been published:

- Jakšić, P. - ed (2008): Prime Butterfly Areas in Serbia. HabiProt, Beograd, pp. 76-79.

- Lučić, A., Isajev V., Cvjetičanin R., Rakonjac Lj., Novaković M., Nikolić A., Mladenović-

Drinić S. (2011): Interpopulation genetic-ecological variation of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris

L.) in Serbia. Genetika, vol. 43, nr.1. pp.1-18.

- Aleksić P., Jančić G. (2010): Protected areas in the function of biodiversity conservation in

the state enterprise for forest management 'Srbijašume' Belgrade. Ecologica, vol. 17, iss. 59,

pp. 381-386.

- Pešić S., Avramović S. (2010): Apionidae i Nanophyidae (Coleoptera: Curculionoidea) in

Biosphere Reserve Golija-Studenica. Acta entomologica Serbica, vol. 15, nr. 2, pp. 195-204.

- Sekulić, N., Šinžar-Sekulić, J. (eds.) (2010): Emerald Ecological Network in Serbia.

Ministry of Environmental and Spatial Planning, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia,

Belgrade, pp. 64.

- Gačić D.P., Puzović S., Zubić G. (2009): Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) in Serbia: Principal

threats and conservation measures. Šumarstvo, vol. 61, iss. 1-2, pp. 155-167.

- Puzović, S., Sekulić, G., Stojnić, N., Grubač, B., Tucakov, M. (2009): Important bird areas

in Serbia. Ministry of Environmental and Spatial Planning, Institute for Nature Conservation

6 Puzović et al, 2009.

35



of Serbia, Provincial Secretariat of Environmental protection and Sustainable Development,

Belgrade, pp. 136-139.

- Đikanović V., Jakovčev-Todorović D., Nikolić V., Paunović M., Cakić P. (2008):

Qualitative composition of communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates along the course of

the Golijska Moravica River (West-Central Serbia). Archives of Biological Sciences, vol.

60, iss. 1, pp. 133-144.

- Papp. B., Erzberger P. (2005): The bryophyte flora of Golija – Studenica biosphere reserve

and some adjacent sites. Studia Botanica Hungarica 36. pp. 101 – 116.

- Miljanović D. (2005): Environmental status in Nature Park „Golija“. Glasnik Srpskog

geografskog društva, vol. 85, iss.1, pp.249-264.

- Pavlović, D., Panjković, B., Panić, I. (2004): Forests with Acer heldreichii Orph. on Golija

mt. XI OPTIMA Meeting, Abstracts, 95. Beograd, 5-11.

Socio-economic research was performed in the area of Golija (wider area of the biosphere

reserve and nature park) for the Spatial plan of special purpose for Nature Park Golija, which

was adopted in 2009.

- Ostojić M.S., Topisirović Lj.M., Relić R.R., Jež G.M. (2010): Autochthonous technology of

Golija cheese. Prehrambena industrija - mleko i mlečni proizvodi, vol. 21, nr. 1-2, pp. 46-51.

- Savić M., Katić B., Mijajlović N. (2010): The condition of cattle breeding and sheep

breeding in mountain Golija area. Ekonomika, vol. 56, iss. 1, pp. 87-95.

- Relić R., Ostojić M.S., Vuković V.M., Jež G.M. (2009): Housing conditions and milk

quality of cows from mountain Golija region. Prehrambena industrija - mleko i mlečni

proizvodi, vol. 20, iss. 1-2, pp. 95-99.

- Ljajić I., Uglić M., Ramović F. (2009): Road network of Pešter plateau and Golija mountain.

Put i saobraćaj, vol. 56, iss. 3, pp. 37-44.

- Kuzović Lj., Uglić M., Radićević V., Ljajić I., Stevanović N., Glavić D. (2009): The

relevance of future motorway Belgrade-South Adriatic for qualitative traffic opening and

development of Pešter plateau and Golija mountain. Put i saobraćaj, vol. 56, iss. 3, pp. 27-

36.

- Vojković G., Stojanović B. (2006): Golija: Population development and perspectives.

Stanovništvo, vol. 44, iss. 2, pp. 35-64.

The Institute of Forestry implements the “Project: Assessment and monitoring of the effects-

impact of air pollution on forest ecosystems in Serbia” at the area of the Reserve. The project is

funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Water Management, The Forests

Administration, which is part of the international program ICP (International Cooperative

Programme on Assessment and Monitoring of Air Pollution Effects on Forests - ICP Forests)

implemented across Europe. The ICP Forests program has been implemented in the Republic of

Serbia since 2003. Monitoring of the state of forests according to this program is primarily

related to the monitoring and assessment of defoliation and discoloration of the tree crowns on

certain plots of bio-indicator points on the territory of the Republic of Serbia

Experts of the Institute of Forestry together with the experts of Forest Management Units

visited the area of Golija, as part of the project "Diagnosing the harmful organisms and the

protection of forest plants health". When observing the forests and cultures, they were told to

pay attention to certain issues, how to detect damage, how to sample, pack and deliver samples

for testing. If the cause of the damage could be identified in the field, and if its biology was

known, according to which the dynamics of spreading and the intensity of infestation could be

http://scindeks.nb.rs/article.aspx?query=ARTAK%26and%26Golija&page=5&sort=1&stype=0&backurl=%2fSearchResults.aspx%3fquery%3dARTAK%2526and%2526Golija%26page%3d0%26sort%3d1%26stype%3d0









36



gauged, the containment measures were reommended on the site. In cases where it was

necessary, samples were taken for laboratory testing, after which the results and

recommendations of containment measures were submitted in writing.

A PhD student of the Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, researched orchids in Nature

Park Golija in cooperation with the employees of the Park in June and August 2014.

Monitoring of the strictly protected species of plants, animals and fungi, monitoring of the state

of natural resources in the protected area (river water flows, land, forests, etc.), and the

introduction of changes in the Annual operational plans of forest management is a regular

activity of the forestry engineers at the Forest Management Units on the territory of the Nature

Park "Golija".

In the period April - September 2015 there was the monitoring of bark beetle in the protected

area by placing pheromone traps with pheromones in spruce stands. On the territory of the

Forest Management Unit "Stolovi" in Kraljevo 35 traps were set in "Radočelo - Crepuljnik" and

2 traps in "Gornja Studenica", where it was determined a strong infestation by spruce bark

beetle. On the territory of FMU "Golija" Ivanjica 30 traps were set (in "Golija" it was 13 traps,

in "Dajićke planine" it was 7 traps, in "Kolješnica" 3 traps, in "Brusničke šume" 3 traps and in

"Crepuljnik" 4 traps), whereas on the territory of FMU "Šumarstvo" Raška 8 traps were placed

("Biser voda-Vranji krš-Lisa-Borje" 4 traps, "Divan-Lokve-Breze-Zimovnik" 2 traps and

"Vlašica-Treštenac" 2 traps).

Every year in the Reserve there are occurences of prohibited harvesting of blueberries

(Vaccinium myrtillus). The consequence of the use of prohibited tools for harvesting is the

reduction in the areas with blueberry, and the reduction in the amounts of fruit, which

represents a major threat to the survival of this protected species. In the period from July 10th

to

August 20th

, 2015 the controls of the use and trade in protected species of blueberry were

conducted at the area of Nature Park Golija, namely the following sites: Kuti, Šeremetovica,

Jadovita, Česta Vrela, Žarsko polje, Kuzmičko polje, Grmičak, Pašajlijski do, Odvraćenica,

Zabrđe, Radočelo and others.

When controlling the use and trade in wild flora and fauna at the area of Golija, the guards of

the protected area, forest engineers and the Head of the Nature Park ''Golija'', with the

assistance of police officers from Novi Pazar, Raška and Ušće, and with the Republic inspector

of environmental protection, noted that the number of harvesters with prohibited harvesting

tools has significantly decreased, and most of them seen on the sight hand-picked the

blueberries, which was a major breakthrough in the prevention and preservation of the

protected species of blueberry and the natural habitat at the protected area of the Nature Park

''Golija'' and Biosphere Reserve ''Golija - Studenica''.

When controlling the use and trade in protected species of blueberry at the area of Golija, a few

people were caught harvesting blueberries in the improper way, and on that occasion their

harvesting tools–the combs, which were causing damage to blueberries, were temporarily

confiscated. No one of them had any certificate of the skills in harvesting the blueberries, nor

the permit for harvesting the protected species of blueberry (Vaccinium myrtillus). Republic

inspector of environmental protection recorded these perpetrators, and misdemeanor charges

will be filed against them.

The controls were carried out on the use of stone slabs in a traditional way, as well as controls

of quarries where the stone is used for roads, and their Contracts on the land lease, signed

between land users (private people - the applicant) and Forest Management Units. The controls

were carried out at 5 sites, "Bzeja", "Vrh", "Voznik I", "Voznik II " and "Ugljari".

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The monitoring of the process of coniferous forests withering was continued, since there was

intensification of this phenomenon, and the recovery measures were taken, which were in

accordance with the written document on nature protection requirements and the approval of

the competent Ministry, so that the removal of withereded and partially withereded trees, as a

source of infection, was carried out.

In order to effectively protect fish stocks in 2015, the special fish habitats have particularly

been protected and controlled. All fishing waters are considered the special fish habitats in this

area, except for the part of Studenica river from the inflow of Braduljica downstream to the

border of the area and part of the river Brvenica from the village Gradac to the border of the

area.

Starting from natural and man-made values of the Golija area, priority tasks of scientific and

educational work in the "Golija" Nature Park are: defining methods and ways to implement

biodiversity monitoring; studying impacts of climate change on biodiversity in the Golija area;

reintroduction of extinct plant and animal species; preservation and improvement of the

condition of forest ecosystems; establishment of ecological networks; preservation and

improvement of the condition of pastures and meadows; reintroduction of indigenous breeds of

domestic animals; education of the local population on the protection of natural and man-made

values in the "Golija" NP; education of the local population in the field of tourist valorization

of the Golija area; raising awareness of local communities in order to protect Golija’s

biodiversity; education of the local population in the field of sustainable use of forest fruits,

medicinal herbs and mushrooms; education of different kinds of users of the "Golija" NP on the

implementation of the prescribed protection regimes; education of the local population in the

field of sustainable waste management;

So far, cooperation with scientific and research institutions has been realized, but needs

improvement.

An example of good practice is Dr. Predrag Jakšić and the implementation of the project "

Prime Butterfly Areas in Serbia" with monitoring and recording butterflies in the “Golija“ NP

area.

An Agreement on Strategic Partnership was signed between the State Enterprise "Srbijašume"

and Belgrade University related to the establishment and functioning of Nature Studies, in the

area of the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve, "Golija" Nature Park and Ivanjica Air Spa;

The Scientific-Research Society of Biology and Ecology Students "Josif Pančić" from Novi Sad

was given approval to conduct research in the period 01 – 07 May 2013;

Scientists from Serbia (Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade; State University of Novi

Pazar) and Croatia (Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb) engaged

in the collection of species of the genera Plecoptera, Ephemeroptera and Lepidopthera with the

purpose of doing scientific investigation.

The Institute of Forestry Belgrade carried out field research and reviewed one site in the FA

“Ušće“, MU "Radočelo - Crepuljnik" - 16/a department, measuring 21.30 ha and located within

the "Golija" NP. The above activities were carried out after FE "Stolovi" Kraljevo had

submitted a Report on Drying Forests to the Institute of Forestry Belgrade.

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2.4.7 How have collective capacities for the overall governance of the biosphere reserve

(e.g. organization of new networks of cooperation, partnerships) been strengthened?

Since the designation of the Biosphere Reserve, all relevant institutions at national and local

level have had a good cooperation in the decisions making regarding the management of

Biosphere Reserve. Municipalities on the territory of Biosphere Reserve harmonize their plans

and activities with the activities of the manager on the protection of fundamental values of the

Reserve and its development. The improvement of good cooperation was done by establishing

the Council of Biosphere Reserve in 2015, as well as by cooperation of this body with the

Forum of stakeholders and relevant institutions in the field of nature conservation and other

fields.

The establishment of the Forum of stakeholders of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija - Studenica"

as an advisory body, which should have 15 members covering a wide range of interests of all

stakeholders from all five municipalities on the territory of the Nature Park "Golija", and its

inclusion in the decision-making process within the Reserve, will enable a wider range of

interests of different stakeholders in the future.

The continuation of good cooperation between different factors and the inclusion of several

factors involved in the planning process will in the future bring the application of a broader

range of knowledge from various fields and strengthen the managing mechanisms of the

Biosphere Reserve, as well as the cooperation with various institutions at national and

international level.

2.4.8. Please provide some additional information about the interaction between the three

zones.

Zoning has not changed in the last ten years, and the areas which include different degrees of

protection remained unchanged.

2.4.9 Participation of young people. How were young people involved in the organizations

and community decision-making processes? How were their interests and needs

considered within the biosphere reserve? What are the incentives or programs in place to

encourage their participation?

Numerous groups and schools are involved in environmental education and public awareness

activities focused on Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica. Biosphere Reserve and Nature

Park work together with schools on education of youth about the importance of biodiversity

conservation and the environment. Rangers educate visitors about the conservation of

biodiversity.

In the previous period there were a lot of activities:

A meeting was held between the "Golija" NP Management and the representatives of

the Centre for Children and Youth "Duga" from Novi Pazar. The purpose of the meeting

was to reach an agreement about joint realization of the project "Learning from Nature".

Near the forest lodge in Studenica professional and educational activities were

organized, i.e. occasional lectures for students attending "Stefan Nemanja" Elementary

School from Studenica, "Milun Ivanović" Elementary School from Ušće and Secondary

39



Forestry School. The students became familiar with the importance and fundamental

values of "Golija" NP, environmental protection, planting forest seedlings and proper

arrangement of micro-localities. A total of 1.600 pieces of seedlings (1.500 conifer

pieces and 100 broadleaf pieces) were either planted or distributed among the students.

Nature Protection Day is traditionally celebrated with presenting basic information on

"Golija" Nature Park and "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve. The teachers from the

Forestry School and the Geography teacher from Studenica Elementary School were

engaged to saz a few words about the importance of the environment and forest

functions, highlighting the cultural and historical monuments in the protected area.

A teacher from Forestry School, Vladimir Stojnić, introduced the students to the

importance of renewable energy sources at the site of MHPP on the river Studenica .

Each year the Manager provides the students and teachers with printed materials in the

field of nature protection - the "Golija-Studenica" BR publication, "Golija" Nature Park

maps, flyers on "Forest Fire Prevention" and "Gypsy Moth Suppression", "Forestry

Journal" editions etc.

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3. ECOSYSTEM SERVICES:

3.1 If possible, provide an update in the ecosystem services provided by each ecosystem of

the biosphere reserve and the beneficiaries of these services. (As per previous report and with reference to the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework and The

Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) Framework

(http://millenniumassessment.org/en/Framework.html and http://www.teebweb.org/publications/teeb-

study-reports/foundations/)).

Biosphere reserves significantly contribute to preventing erosion, preserving soil fertility, water

regulation, restoration of the water intake, the cycling of nutrients and absorption pollutants in

water and air. On the recommendations of the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Framework

and The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB) Framework a description is given

on the importance of the BR ecosystem through various impacts and benefits that are realized.

Food:

Ecosystems provide the conditions for growing food. Food comes principally from managed

agro-ecosystems but marine and freshwater systems or forests also provide food for human

consumption. Wild foods from forests are often underestimated.

Golija Mountain provides favourable conditions for the development of animal husbandry as the

people’s core activity, which is determined by mountainous characteristics of the area, tradition

and experience. In most cases, though, livestock is grown almost exclusively for the needs of

http://millenniumassessment.org/en/Framework.html

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local residents.

The traditional way of rural life and autarchic economy lasted for a long time in this area. In

those conditions a minimal natural population growth was maintained, with a decrease only

during the war years. People lived primarily on livestock production, only slightly on other forms

of agricultural production. The production was mainly meant for family needs and for market

sale of livestock, dry meat, wool, dairy products and wool products made by using adequate

machines or tools, e.g. wool rollers on streams. Cosequently, the sales of these products provided

for some other family needs. There are, however, significant differences between the valley

villages and those in the higher mountain areas.

In the lower parts of this mountain area the share of agricultural and fruit products is important

but not dominant, while in the upper parts the share of these products is reduced to the

production of potatoes and cabbage, partly barley, oats and buckwheat. Nevertheless, due to

forest and water abundance, the overall activity is significantly supplemented by income from

forestry, using forest fruits, beekeeping and hunting. In addition, the purchase of products is

facilitated by various cooperatives through purchase/buying stations.

Raw materials:

Ecosystems provide a great diversity of materials for construction and fuel including wood,

biofuels and plant oils that are directly derived from wild and cultivated plant species.

Leading a traditional way of life, man is largely linked to natural environmental conditions -

soil, forest and water, but depends also on the relative positions of these resources (valley - hills -

mountains - water - climate). Tied to the mutual relations and positions of these resources, man

adapts his occupation and household organization. Golija is quite typical when it comes to

possible changes in the local environmental conditions in terms of economic activity and

settlement. These changes are most related to various forms of relief and climate change, and

together they represent a mosaic combination of the rural economy and housing.

Forestry has provided the mountain villagers with numerous advantages, in the first place to

sell firewood, timber and wood craft products and, of course, to manufacture countless objects

for their own household needs, such as wooden dishes, barrels, agricultural tools etc. Still, the

largest income from forestry has been realized through sawing various timber profiles for village

42



houses, cabins, watermills and for other construction needs. Due to the wealth of high-quality

forests and a large number of fast watercourses with high falls, in various mountainous parts of

Golija numerous small sawmills were built, as well as bigger, steam-powered ones to saw timber

for the market. Most of them were on the fast Studenica tributaries - the Brusnik, Gradačka and

Dajićka rivers, on the Studenica River itself and on the Moravica tributaries.

In all the mountain villages family and common watermills were built. Only on the Brusnik River

48 watermills were recorded, due to the existence of several villages in the river basin. In many

villages the production of charcoal and lime was developed, the production of which has

declined, as has the collecting of forest fruits and herbal plants.

According to the present level of exploration, no serious mineral deposits in the Golija area have

been detected, except for those that are already in various stages of exploitation – e.g. coal and

magnesite. Occurrences of strategic raw materials have not yet been thoroughly investigated.

There are ongoing investigations of non-metallic raw materials for which the Ministry of Mines

issued the permit.

The following ore fields have been identified: I Lisa-Crni vrh, Radulovac, Golijska River; II

Ostatija-Izubra, Kaludra; Muhovo; III Asanovo Village, Pridvorica, Hajdučko Hill, Ivanjica,

containing as follows:

Metals: iron - Radulovac, Vrh, Jurija, southern slopes of Radočelo, Perišin Stream,

Skenderovac; lead and zinc – Crni vrh, Jurija, Asanovo Village, Radojevići and Dragovići;

scheelite - from Radulovac to Šeremetovica, northern slopes of Golija and antimony - Ajdačko

Hill;

- Non-Metals: magnesite Lokve and Zimovnik (Gradac); occurrence of asbestos (Crni vrh);

- Coal: lignite (Ušće);

- Building and decorative stone: several quarries and borrow pits of building stone in

limestone.

- Traditionally used materials in the Golija-area architecture are: solid/decorative stone

(Vrh); phyllite slates/schistose plates (Bzeja, Rudno, Vrh); tufa (Kamenska).

Currently exploited: coal (Ušće), magnesite (Lokve, Zimovnik) and building stone of different

quality. The largest number of quarries and borrow pits is registered in the municipality of

Kraljevo (12 quarries and 17 borrow pits), followed by Ivanjica (Ivkovići, Ostatija, Ugljari,

Gradina, Bojevo Hill) and Raška area (Biniće, Zvečarica, Binićko Field and Luke). The stone,

coarsley finished, is mostly used for local needs (SE "Srbijašume" and private arrangements).

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Fresh water:

Ecosystems play a vital role in the global hydrological cycle, as they regulate the flow and

purification of water. Vegetation and forests influence the quantity of water available locally.

Golija watercourses are fast, mountainous and unpolluted. The most famous are: Biser voda,

Devojačka voda, Bele vode, Česta vrela etc. On Golija there are also several permanent lakes and

peat bogs , e.g. Dajićko Lake on the northwest slopes of Golija at an altitude of 1,556m and

Košanin Lakes /Large and Small/ in a cove at Jelak below Crepuljnik, at an altitude of 900 m. In

the surroundings of Golija there are also the following spas: Rajčinovića, Novopazarska,

Jošanička, Mataruška, Bogutovačka, DonjaTrepča and Ovčar Banja. Mild forms of relief,

dominant silicate surface with relatively well-developed soil, abundant and well-distributed

rainfall and a wealth of watercourses and springs have all contributed to the northern part of

Golija to become one of the most forested mountains in the country.

The flowing waters of the Studenica and Moravica basin areas and other smaller tributaries have

large flow rates that stay unchanged even in the period of low water level. Therefore, they have

been declared as protected sources of national and regional importance. Groundwaters represent a

valuable potential that is most widely used for individual supply of the population in the area.

Favourable conditions exist in the area to build a number of small hydro-accumulations with the

purpose of solving some local problems - protection from torrents, irrigation, making ponds,

recreation etc., as well as for energy purposes - small hydro plants, with an optimal estimated

number of 15-20.

Main socio-economic characteristics of the area (population, type of settlements, kind and scope

of activity) determine the basis for assessing current needs of the population which amount to

about 400,000 m3/year, with an average specific consumption of 80 liters / person / day.

There are 23 villages recorded to have captures for water supply, i.e. 115 captures for individual

consumers, with a capacity of less than 0.10 liters/sec. Almost half of these capped sources has a

capacity of less than or equal to 0.20 liters/sec. Part of the local water supplies does not meet the

sanitary and technical requirements, and the captures are made in a primitive way, without

sanitary protection zones. The competent services do not possess any detailed information on the

situation in the field.

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Medicinal resources:

Ecosystems and biodiversity provide many plants used as traditional medicines as well as

providing the raw materials for the pharmaceutical industry. All ecosystems are a potential source

of medicinal resources.

Controlled collecting of forest fruits and medicinal and aromatic plants in natural habitats is done

in accordance with the Decree on Putting under Control the Use and Trade of Wild Flora and

Fauna ("RS Official Gazette", No. 31/2005). Collection, use and trade of protected species are

placed under control in order to ensure their sustainable use by preventing the collection of these

types from natural habitats in such quantities and in such a manner that would endanger their

survival, structure and stability of living communities. The Decree provides a list of the wild

flora and fungi species placed under control, as well as wild fauna species.

The Ministry responsible for environmental affairs shall issue a permit for collection of protected

species (medicinal herbs, forest fruits/berries, mushrooms etc.) for commercial purposes upon

prior opinion received from the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia.

Local climate and air quality:

Trees provide shade whilst forests influence rainfall and water availability both locally and

regionally. Trees or other plants also play an important role in regulating air quality by

removing pollutants from the atmosphere. On the vertical profile there is a notable regularity in

the occurrence of belts of oak forests, beech forests, forests of beech, fir and spruce, as well as

spruce forests located in the highest mountain parts. These very forests have the strongest

impact on the microclimate of the entire Golija area, its air quality and the multifunctional role

of forests.

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Air pollution is present in the settlements on the area periphery and in mining and qurrying

zones (SO2, dust particles, soot). In both cases, the levels are within the maximum allowable

concentration, indicating a small emission potential of existing contaminants. The values for

period 1985-1995 measured by the Republic Hydrometeorological Institute are almost the

lowest as compared to other parts of Serbia, with an average annual deposition of sulfur,

nitrogen and heavy metals (arsenic, cadmium and zinc). This indicates a favourable condition

of high air quality in the Golija area.

Carbon sequestration and storage:

Ecosystems regulate the global climate by storing and sequestering greenhouse gases. As trees

and plants grow, they remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and effectively lock it away

in their tissues. In this way forest ecosystems are carbon stores. Biodiversity also plays an

important role by improving the capacity of ecosystems to adapt to the effects of climate

change.

Moderation of extreme events:

Extreme weather events or natural hazards include floods, storms, tsunamis, avalanches and

landslides. Ecosystems and living organisms create buffers against natural disasters, thereby

preventing possible damage. For example, wetlands can soak up flood water whilst trees can

stabilize

slopes. Coral reefs and mangroves help protect coastlines from storm damage.

Seismic activity in the Golija area is low to moderate and characterized by zones 6º MCS.

However, a positive growth rate of seismicity in most parts of the area can be expected.

Protection against bad weather conditions in summer (storms with wind outburst clouds,

lightning, city, drought, high temperatures, etc.) and winter (heavy snow, ice, cold, etc.) is

achieved through beneficial forest impact – afforestation, reforestation and the like.

Waste-water treatment:

Ecosystems such as wetlands filter both human and animal waste and act as a natural buffer to

the surrounding environment. Through the biological activity of microorganisms in the soil,

most waste is broken down. Thereby pathogens (disease causing microbes) are eliminated, and

the level of nutrients and pollution is reduced.

46



Due to the presence of large forest areas in the Biosphere Reserve, the quality of surface waters

has been mostly preserved.

Water quality of the two largest rivers, the Moravica and the Studenica, does not meet all the

required criteria (at the low level of the criteria class required). Dominant pollution is caused by

organic substances from the village. Among the many parameters on which to determine the

quality of water, the most significant are: total residue in evaporation (mg/l), biochemical

oxygen demand for 5 days (BOD - mgO2/l) and water saprobity. The waters of the Studenica

(measuring station Ušće) and the Moravica (measuring station Gradina, outside the study area),

according to the first criterion, are among the cleanest rivers (class I). According to the second

criterion, the Studenica is not in class I, but in class II, while the Moravica waters are in class I.

At both stations, Ušće and Gradina, there is a -mesosaprobic water condition (class II). These

two rivers are clean mountain rivers in source branches, as well as all the other water courses

which this area is abundant in.

Systems for fecal and wastewater removal do not exist. The problem is solved at the level of

individual households or large consumers (public, commercial buildings) by construction of

septic tanks, pit toilets and the like.

Erosion prevention and maintenance of soil fertility:

Soil erosion is a key factor in the process of land degradation and desertification. Vegetation

cover provides a vital regulating service by preventing soil erosion. Soil fertility is essential for

plant growth and agriculture and well functioning ecosystems supply the soil with nutrients

required to support plant growth.

Great lithostratigraphic diversity and high degree of tectonic fragmentation of rock masses, in

synergy with other factors, determine terrain categorization according to engineering-geological

properties upon which the conditions of construction depend. Disintegration of the rock mass,

along with unfavourable morphological conditions, is conducive to the development of erosion

processes and the torrential activity of mountain watercourses. Sediment production and its

permanent removal are not evenly distributed throughout the area. Among modern exogenous

processes there are also other forms and phenomena, such as: landslides, dredging and washing,

torrential streams, mudslides and karstification processes. Undoubtedly, a large area under

forests and meadows with lush vegetation has a positive impact on reducing the incidence of

erosion processes.

47



Pollination:

Insects and wind pollinate plants and trees which is essential for the development of fruits,

vegetables and seeds. Animal pollination is an ecosystem service mainly provided by insects

but also by some birds and bats. Some 87 out of the 115 leading global food crops depend upon

animal pollination including important cash crops such as cocoa and coffee (Klein et al. 2007).

Meadows and pastures are mosaically spread in the area and in relation to their height position

they can be of hilly/mountainous character. Fifteen meadow phytocoenoses are recorded.

Insects that occur in the Biosphere Reserve area positively affect pollination.

Biological control:

Ecosystems are important for regulating pests and vector borne diseases that attack plants,

animals and people. Ecosystems regulate pests and diseases through the activities of predators

and parasites. Birds, bats, flies, wasps, frogs and fungi all act as natural controls.

Golija is a mountain massif of high biodiversity and one of the most important European

centres of ornithological, species and genetic diversity. It is the birds that affect maintaining

balance and control of pest insects found within the food chain. On Golija, so far 45 bird

species have been recorded that belong to the group of natural rarities. Approximately 90

recorded species are candidates for the Red Book of Birds in Serbia.

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The most prominent birds encountered in the mountainous terrains of Golija are: the golden

eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), capercaillie/wood grouse

(Tetrao urogallus), hazel grouse (Bonasa bonasia), mountain woodpecker (Dendrocopos

leucotus), spotted nutcracker (Nucifraga caryocatactes), red-breasted flycatcher (Ficedula

parva) and many more.

Habitats for species:

Habitats provide everything that an individual plant or animal needs to survive: food; water;

and shelter. Each ecosystem provides different habitats that can be essential for a species’

lifecycle. Migratory species including birds, fish, mammals and insects all depend upon

different ecosystems during their movements.

Floristic biodiversity of Golija consist of cca. 900 taxa, of which 729 vascular plants species,

40 moss species, 117 species and varieties of algae. Of these 729 vascular plats species, 24 are

Pteridophyta, 5 are Coniferophytina and 700 are Magnoliophytina. Twenty percent of all

Serbian plant species grow on Golija, which is also one of the most important centres of relict

plant species in Serbia and represents, along with Tara Mountain, an important Tertiary relicts

centre in the western part of Serbia. The endemic and relict species Acer heldreichii, with its

forest communities, in botanical terms, is the symbol of the Golija Mountain. Areas of

preserved deciduous and coniferous deciduous primeval types of forests, as well as coniferous

forests, especially the subalpian spruce, are extremely significant in botanical terms.

Among big animals, the red deer is mentioned as an autochthonous representative of noble

game, once very common in this region. Except for the red deer, the animal population also

includes: the wild boar, roe deer, fox, wild cat, badger, pine marten, stone marten, weasel, otter

etc. or a total of 50 mammal species. There are cca.150 bird species. The above stated indicates

that the Biosphere Reserve is important for the survival of a diverse and abundant vegetative

and animal life which has already disappeared forever from many regions of the country and

Europe.

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Maintenance of genetic diversity:

Genetic diversity is the variety of genes between and within species populations. Genetic

diversity distinguishes different breeds or races from each other thus providing the basis for

locally well-adapted cultivars and a gene pool for further developing commercial crops and

livestock. Some habitats have an exceptionally high number of species which makes them more

genetically diverse than others and are known as ‘biodiversity hotspots’.

Forests are the most important source of biodiversity, playing a key role in maintaining the

ecological processes and balance at the local, national, regional and global levels (Šijačić-

Nikolić and Milovanović, 2010). They are the backbone of many other organisms, since they

have developed complex mechanisms to maintain high levels of genetic diversity.

This area is of special importance as a centre of genetic, species and ecosystem diversity in the

Balkans and Europe. In addition, Golija is the refuge of Tertiary flora in Serbia.

Recreation and mental and physical health:

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Walking and playing sports in green space is not only a good form of physical exercise but also

lets people relax. The role that green space plays in maintaining mental and physical health is

increasingly being recognized, despite difficulties of measurement.

With the revival of economic activity and better organized tourism development, it has been

made possible to use the rich tourist potential of Golija to its fullest, including various forms of

mobile tourism trends. These are primarily all forms of leisure, sports and recreational activities

- hiking, scouting, fitness - walking, cycling, ridingand other.

The development of these activities on Golija is enabled by excellent natural conditions of the

mountainous terrain, which, for the most part, continuously and gradually rises to the highest

peaks, and is therefore characterized by mild natural saliency that facilitates movement and

tracing of sports and recreational trails. It is also characterized by extraordinary landscapes and

scenic views, important for sightseeing. For these reasons, excellent hiking, sports-recreational-

health and scenic routes, itineraries and traverses can be traced across the most beautiful

mountainous landscapes one can imagine.

Tourism:

Ecosystems and biodiversity play an important role for many kinds of tourism which in turn

provides considerable economic benefits and is a vital source of income for many countries. In

2008 global earnings from tourism summed up to US$ 944 billion. Cultural and eco-tourism

can also educate people about the importance of biological

Total natural and cultural heritage of the "Golija- Studenica" Biosphere Reserve represents

comparative advantages and an exceptional starting point in developing the following tourist

services: special interests, rest, rural tourism, recreation and sports.

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Optimal ecological potential for tourism must be considered within the concept of sustainable

tourism development in protected nature areas. Namely, in nature parks the construction for

tourism purposes is prescribed in terms of scope and structure of the planned accommodation

and other facilities, and the existing obligatory conformity with the use of other resources.

Aesthetic appreciation and inspiration for culture, art and design:

Language, knowledge and the natural environment have been intimately related throughout

human history. Biodiversity, ecosystems and natural landscapes have been the source of

inspiration for much of our art, culture and increasingly for science.

The Golija area has always been the inspiration for various artistic, mostly painters, given the

significant spiritual values and landscapes.

The diversity, richness and beauty of the Golija landscape, its climatic conditions, preserved

rural landscapes, clean watercourses, a rich cultural heritage, traditional forms of economic

activity of the population, all these make for a great potential aimed at the development of

various activities based on the principles of the traditional interwined with the modern to secure

sustainability.

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Golija Mountain also boasts a rich cultural heritage, the most prominent highlights being the

medieval monasteries of Studenica and Sopoćani, which have been included in the UNESCO

World Heritage List. The town of Ivanjica is situated at the foot of the mountain, on the river

Moravica, famous for its stone bridge from the early 20th century, which is the largest single-

arch bridge in the Balkans

3.2 Specify if there are any changes regarding the indicators of ecosystem services that

are being used to evaluate the three functions (conservation, development and logistic) of

the biosphere reserve. If yes, which ones and give details and update.

There are no recorded significant changes in terms of indicators of ecosystem services which

are regularly monitored by the "Golija" NP Ranger Service within the Biosphere Reserve.

3.3 Update description on biodiversity involved in the provision of ecosystems services in

the biosphere reserve (e.g. species or groups of species involved).

Monitoring by the NP Ranger Service has not revealed or recorded any new species within the

Biosphere Reserve.

3.4 Specify whether any recent/updated ecosystem services assessment has been done for

the biosphere reserve since its nomination/last report. If yes, please specify and indicate if

and how this is being used in the management plan.

Since the last Periodic Review Report not a single new ecosystem service of the Biosphere

Reserve has been recorded.

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4. THE CONSERVATION FUNCTION: [This refers to programmes that seek to protect biodiversity at landscape and site levels and/or ecological functions

that provide ecosystem goods and services in the biosphere reserve. While actions to address this function might be

focused on core area(s) and buffer zone(s), ecosystem dynamics occur across a range of spatial and temporal scales

throughout the biosphere reserve and beyond.]

4.1 Significant changes (if any) in the main habitat types, ecosystems, species or varieties

of traditional or economic importance identified for the biosphere reserve, including

natural processes or events, main human impacts, and/or relevant management practices

(since the last report).

- There have been no significant changes in the main habitat types of the Biosphere Reserve

although in the previous period it was recorded the impact of the factors such as drought,

floods or fire). However, there are gaps in monitoring capacity.

- The occurrence of invasive species has not been observed.

- When it comes to the use of natural resources by local people, the mostly collected are

mushrooms and herbs. There were no records of the impact of these activities on the state of

populations.

54



The distribution of collection points in the area Golija

Legend

Purchase cells

The border of the Nature Park "Golija"

- The major problem was recorded in harvesting, or the ways of blueberry (Vaccinium

myrtillus) harvesting. The consequence of the use of prohibited harvesting tools was the

reduction in the areas with blueberry, and the reduction in the amount of fruits, which might

pose a great threat to the survival of the protected species.

- In the period from July 10th

to August 20th

, 2015 the controls of the use and trade in

protected species of blueberry were conducted at the area of Nature Park Golija, namely the

following sites: Kuti, Šeremetovica, Jadovita, Česta Vrela, Žarsko polje, Kuzmičko polje,

55



Grmičak, Pašajlijski do, Odvraćenica, Zabrđe, Radočelo and others. During the control it

was observed on some sites in the lower areas that the blueberry has reached maturity.

- When controlling the use and trade in wild flora and fauna at the area of Golija, the

professionals of the PE ''Srbijašume'', Forest Management Unit ''Šumarstvo'' Raška, and

Nature Park ''Golija'', with the assistance of police officers from Novi Pazar, Raška and

Ušće, and with the Republic inspector of environmental protection, noted that the number of

harvesters with prohibited harvesting tools has significantly decreased, and most of them

seen on the sight hand-picked the blueberries, which was a major breakthrough in the

prevention and preservation of the protected species of blueberry and the natural habitat at

the protected area of the Nature Park ''Golija'' and Biosphere Reserve ''Golija - Studenica''.

- When controlling the use and trade in protected species of blueberry at the area of Golija, a

few people were caught harvesting blueberries in the improper way, and on that occasion

their harvesting tools–the combs, which were causing damage to blueberries, were

temporarily confiscated. No one of them had any certificate of the skills in harvesting the

blueberries, nor the permit for harvesting the protected species of blueberry (Vaccinium

myrtillus). Republic inspector of environmental protection recorded these perpetrators, and

misdemeanor charges will be filed against them.

56



Distribution of points of blueberries

Legend

Purchase cells

The border of the Nature Park "Golija"

57



4.2 Describe the main conservation programmes that have been conducted in the

biosphere reserve over the past ten years as well as current on-going ones. Note their

main goals and the scope of activities, e.g. biotic inventories, species-at-risk, landscape

analyses, conservation stewardship actions. Cross reference to other sections below where

appropriate.

The Manager implemented the mid-term Golija NP Development and Protection Programme

(2008-2012). In accordance with the Law on Nature Protection and by consent of the Ministry

of Environment, the Manager also adopted the Protected Area Management Plan for 2011-2020

which determines the way protection is carried out and the protected area is used and managed

by giving guidelines and priorities for the protection and conservation of natural values in the

protected area.

The area of "Golija-Studenica" BR is included in Forest Management Plans, i.e. in the forestry

planning documents, adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection

Forest Management Plan

(FMP)

Main contents of the FMP: forest conditions; elaboration of

general guidelines from the development plan; records and

analysis of the management measures implemented;

management plans by type and volume of work, time, place and

manner of their implementation; forest values. The FMP is

drawn up on the basis of established forest conditions in the field

(stand inventories).

Golija Nature Park

Development and Protection

Programme 2008-2012

The Manager draws up and implements the medium-term

Development and Protection Programme which is adjusted to

long-term planning documents, the current situation in the field

and available funding according to volume of work,

implementation dynamics and the funding necessary.

Golija Nature Park

Management Plan

2011-2020

According to the Nature Protection Law, the Protected Area

Management Plan is a document according to which the subject

in charge of protected area management plans the following:

measures and activities for protection, conservation, promotion

and use of the protected area; guidelines and priorities for the

protection and conservation of natural values of the protected

area; development guidelines respecting the needs of local

residents.

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4.3 In what ways are conservation activities linked to, or integrated with, sustainable

development issues (e.g. stewardship for conservation on private lands used for other

purposes)?

Sustainable development of the area of Biosphere Reserve is based on the principles defined in

the National Strategy for Sustainable Development and the various national regulations and

international initiatives and protocols signed by Serbia. Considering the national strategic

framework, National Strategy for Sustainable Development, as one of the national priorities of

sustainable development, stipulates the protection and improvement of environment and the

rational use of natural resources, preservation and improvement of the system of environmental

protection, reduction of pollution and environmental pressures, the use of natural resources so

as to remain available for future generations, as well as the protection and conservation of

biodiversity.

As one of the activities in this field, we might mention the traditional activities taking place

within the Reserve (the use of stone in a traditional architecture), while the sustainable

development of eco and ethno tourism is conducted through the inclusion of rural households in

the sector and the promotion of rural tourism, and thus the Biosphere Reserve.

One of the activities applied in the forests within the Biosphere Reserve is forest certification,

which is conducted by "Srbijašume". Forest certification is one of the fastest developed flexible

tools that can be used to adjust forestry to contemporary understanding of "sustainable

management", since among its standards there are also the principles and criteria that are

directly linked with activities on the conservation of natural resources. The principles that have

direct impact on forest conservation are the impact of forest on the environment and

maintenance of the high conservation value forests - HCV.

4.4 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied?

(Describe the methods, indicators used).

Implementation of the current strategies has not significantly affected the functioning of the

Biosphere Reserve.

4.5 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the successes of

conservation efforts in the entire biosphere reserve? Given the experiences and lessons

learned in the past ten years, what new strategies or approaches will be imost effective for

conservation for sustainable development?

- The last decade was the warmest since 1850 when the recording began. Climatic changes

have accelerated in the first decade of the XXI century, and the trend continued in the second

decade, that is, 2011 was the warmest since the records are kept, and in 2012 it was stated

that it was a year with extremely hot and extremely dry summer, the hottest and driest since

the beginning of temperature measuring in Serbia. The previous absolute maximum number

of tropical and summer days and tropical nights has been surpassed.

The degradation and withering of forests is the result of a number of factors, primarily the

topographical, climatic, paedological, biotic, anthropogenic and other factors. One of the

most important factors affecting the forest withering has been the phenomenon of extremely

dry months and high summer temperatures in recent years. In 2012 it was registered the

phenomenon of a small-scale forests withering on some sites. Withering was observed in fir,

59



pine, spruce, beech, oak, hornbeam, ash and other species of all age groups. It was also

stated that there had been a noticeable enlargement of the surfaces with the withering

individual trees or groups of trees.

Larger areas with withering trees have not been registered. However, weather conditions and

the occurrence of bark beetles indicate the expansion and proliferation of negative factors.

The areas with individual withered trees and small groups of withered trees must be part of

the regular monitoring conducted by the manager in the coming period. In order to prevent

the withering of trees and spreading of infection, adequate protective measures should be

applied in the form of sanitary and silvicultural treatments (the cutting of withered, broken,

uprooted and infected trees, establishment of forest order, careful selection and removal of

semi-withered and infested trees, etc.), along with setting the pheromone traps (traps with

slits, mesh traps, and combined traps).

- At the area of the Reserve in 2014, at an altitude of 900 to 1200 m, due to heavy rainfall and

low temperature, a damage was caused by ice, snow and wind. Negative impact of snow and

wind on the trees is reflected in the breaking of branches and the whole trees under the

weight of snow, and in the toppled trees with shallow roots, as caused by snow and wind

disasters. Damage to forest ecosystems were on the sites of Bele Vode, Golijska river and

Dajića lake, in the protection regime of the first, second and third degree.

Since the snow disasters have caused the canopy stand to open, which entails the possibility

of adverse impact of entomological and phytopathological diseases, it is necessary as soon as

possible to apply recovery measures in order to alleviate the negative impact, but also the

impact of the revitalization measures that will follow. The manager should remove the

toppled, uprooted and broken trees. Prior to that it should do the marking of the wood mass,

without delay, and take it away from the site. Upon removing the trees the manager should

develop the area (establishment of the order), and conduct the recovery from the edamage.

The site "Tresava na Belim vodama" has a developed and characteristic peat vegetation and

the established protection regime of I (first) degree, which allows the special measures of

tending and rehabilitation in case of natural disasters.

- Based on the results of the regional climate model [3,4] of the resolution of 8km, it was

estimated the possible change in the total amount of accumulated snow and the number of

days with snow cover on the mountain Golija, for the season from November to April, and

from December to February. Changes to the year 2100, according to the scenario RCP8.5 [5]

are shown in Figure 1, as the relative difference compared to the thirty-year average value

during the period 1971 - 2000. According to this scenario, by the end of the century a loss of

70% of the total accumulation of snow in both seasons migt be expected, along with the

reduction in the number of days with snow cover by 47% during the season from November

to April and by 42% for the season from December to February. Considering the fact that the

mountains in Serbia during the season from December to February are mostly covered with

snow, a reduction of 42% would mean the loss of snow cover during more than one month

of the season.

Although climate scenarios do not predict a decrease in the total precipitation of the area during

the winter season [3], the reduction in the accumulation of snow is likely due to the fact that in

a warmer climate during the winter months we may expect a larger share of rain in the total

precipitation than the snow, compared to their ratio in the past. Otherwise, in Serbia over the

past decades it was recorded the rapid rise in temperature at meteorological stations above 1000

m, compared to the rest of the country [6]. Even in the case of achieving international targets on

the limited rise in the average global temperature of 2 ° C, the projections presented would be

60



in accordance with the estimates for the period 2041 - 2070, which would mean a reduction in

the total accumulations of 50% and the reduction of the number of days of 25% or 20%

depending on the season.

Such drastic changes in addition to the direct negative effects on wildlife (some species of

plants and animals and their habitats), would most certainly be reflected in the number of socio-

economic activities in this area, such as winter tourism. In such conditions the development of

winter tourism would be conditioned by the production of artificial snow, which in addition to

economic consequences would cause additional pressures on the environment (water and soil

pollution, soil erosion, increase in the water use, and the increase in the energy consumption). It

should be taken in consideration that the above mentioned changes in the climatology of snow

would probably have a significant impact on the water regime in Golija, so that the intensive

development of tourism infrastructure would be major challenge in terms of water supply, as

well as in terms of defence against harmful effects of water.

4.6 Other comments/observations from a biosphere reserve perspective.

There are no specific commentsin this view.

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5. THE DEVELOPMENT FUNCTION:

[This refers to programmes that address sustainability issues at the individual livelihood and community levels,

including economic trends in different sectors that drive the need to innovate and/or adapt, the main adaptive

strategies being implemented within the biosphere reserve, and initiatives to develop certain sectors such as

tourism to complement and/or compensate for losses in other markets, employment, and community well-being

over the past ten years]

In the last five year, several documents that affect the tourism development in the wider area of

Golija have been issued:

Strategy of Tourism Development of the Republic of Serbia, which treats Golija as tourism

cluster in south-west Serbia – History and traditions of the rural pleasures.

Spatial plan of special purpose for Nature Park Golija.

Master plan of tourism development on Golija:

a) Recommends the focus on the following tourism products: mountain vacation (winter

and summer; skiing, sledding, snowboarding, hiking, mountaineering, cycling, etc),

tourism of special interests (walking, trekking, hiking, biking, rafting, kayaking,

horseback riding, observing flora and fauna, cultural activities, etc), rural tourism

(ecotourism, enjoy in the rural scenery, gastronomy, outdoor activities), MICE (learning

about the flora and fauna, team building, festivals, events, etc).

b) The list of proposed projects: Education programs on tourism and touristic activities for

local population; Program of Healthy food for tourism market; Panoramic path Golija;

Tourist signage and interpretation; System of Golija’s viewpoints; System of internal

mobility and parking; Interpretation centers; System of pedestrian and bike trails;

Pedestrian trail “The story of the mountain”; Trails for Nordic skiing; Adventure park;

Rudno eco/ethno village; Interpretation of the wider area of Monastery of Studenica.

It should be noted that plans developed by different sectors, like tourism and nature protection /

environment, are not always harmonised.

According to the basic characteristics of tourism motives, the following basic forms of tourism

are derived:

1. Recreation & Leisure tourism - summer and winter, for all visitor categories. Being the

most popular among tourism forms, it may be organized in medium-high mountain

localities at altitudes between 1,000 - 1,500 m ;

62



2. Health care & Recreation tourism - also in mid-high mountain localities, with the

existence of adequate health facilities and recreational offerings;

3. Winter sports tourism - for beginners in medium-high localities and for alpine skiers in

the high mountainous zone;

4. Ecotourism - related to villages, resorts and herdsmen’s settlements on high plains or

plateaus, at altitudes above 800 m;

5. Rural tourism - with an organized offer in households;

6. Reduced distance (Excursion) & Mountain tourism;

7. Religious & Cultural tourism;

8. Hunting & Alternative tourism -related to environmental and naturalistic observation

and research.

5.1 Briefly describe the prevailing trends over the past decade in each main sector of the

economic base of the biosphere reserve (e.g. agriculture and forest activities, renewable

resources, non-renewable resources, manufacturing and construction, tourism and other

service industries).

Over a lengthy period of time there has been a tendency of reducing the intensive use of arable

land, which is already modest-sized, increasing the area under pastures and meadows at lower

elevations, and overgrowing of high mountain pastures and meadows. Due to ever smaller

livestock, traditional dairy production is gradually dying down, especially of cheese and

’kaymak’ (similar to clotted cream) products. There are no large herds of sheep and cattle any

more as in the past, and hermen’s settlement are disappearing. No significant achievements in

the fish production have been recorded yet, despite some exceptional potentials.

In the area of the "Golija-Studenica" BR, the Forest Estate Ivanjica is dominant in the forestry

field, covering 56.6% of the "Golija" NP territory, within which the Biosphere Reserve is

situated. In the pre-crisis years the above FE used to organize a number of additional, non-core

activities related to the following: small sawmills, wood-processing workshops, mushroom

production, ponds, forest fruits/berries and the like. Local residents use their private forests

primarily for their own needs, with firewood as the main product.

5.2 Describe the tourism industry in the biosphere reserve. Has tourism increased or

decreased since nomination or the last periodic review? What new projects or initiatives

have been undertaken? What types of tourism activities? What effect have these activities

had on the economy, ecology and society of the biosphere reserve? Are there any studies

that examine whether designation of the area as a biosphere reserve has influenced the

number of tourists? Please provide the bibliographic information of any studies and/or a

paper copy in an annex.

The Biosphere Reserve is primarily an excursion tourism destination intended for

study/educational tours, religious tours, hiking, biking etc. Rural tourism and ecotourism are

rudimentary. Camping and recreation, especially Nordic skiing, are the most common activities.

Hunting and fishing, as activities compatible with tourism, are also practised.

63



The overall objective of the Business Plan of Tourism Development in the "Golija" NP and

"Golija-Studenica" BR is the promotion and development of the protected areas through

sustainable funding and improving tourism offer and contents. In addition, the Business Plan

includes the following specific objectives: increasing visitor numbers, increasing resident local

income through the provision of tourist services and increasing the Manager’s revenues through

fee collection from the users of the protected areas.

According to the Master Plan data, Golija disposes of a capacity of only 300 registered beds in

the following hotels: the Studenica - quarters of the Studenica Monastery, the Golija and the

Golijska Reka (on the Ivanjica side) and the motel "GOS" in Odvraćenica. The existing total

accommodation capacity, as well as the overall tourism infrastructure are deficient to meet the

demands of a modern tourist resort that Golija aspires to become. The Master Plan envisages an

expansion in accommodation capacity worth about €142 million.

An estimation that since year 2002 the Golija area has reported growth in terms of tourist

numbers is considered highly important. Over 100,000 overnight stays are recorded annually,

with slight fluctuations only. Thus Golija has been ranked among the top tourist resorts in

Serbia.

The Business Plan specifies that the development of commercial tourism also requires the

construction of tourist, catering and sports facilities, regional and local infrastructure, as well as

the construction of mountain tourist centres which can be realized only through the engagement

of large investors and funds of the state, analogous to the tourism development of Kopaonik

and Stara Planina. This, however, implies the establishment of priorities in the development of

Golija at the national level.

Initiating the development of commercial tourism based on the abovementioned would give a

great impetus to the development of complementary tourism and other activities and services,

such as motels, boarding houses, campgrounds, inns, related servicing/service facilities for the

for the construction of which, as a rule, small enterprising investors are hired, mostly from the

local area.

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Here a considerable share of rural tourism in a number of villages with relevant potential

should be taken into account. Therefore, it is estimated that tourism development will stimulate

the more enterprising households to seek interest in equipping and expanding their houses to be

able to provide tourist services, including possible construction of family boarding houses, inns

and similar facilities.

5.3 When applicable, describe other key sectors and uses such as agriculture, fishing,

forestry. Have they increased or decreased since the nomination or the last periodic

review? What kind of new projects or initiatives have been undertaken? What effect have

they had on the economy and ecology of the biosphere reserve, and on its biodiversity?

Are there any studies that examine whether designation as a biosphere reserve has

influenced the frequency of its activities? If so, provide the bibliographic information of

these studies and/or a paper copy in an annex.

Other key sectors are forestry and agriculture.

Forestry is the most stable economic activity of the area, with a minimum of development

problems, because it functions as part of a single forest-economic system within the State-

Public Enterprise "Srbijašume". The Enterprise, as the official trustee or Manager of the

“Golija“ NP, is obliged acc. to the NP Management Act to take care of all the work on the

protection and promotion of this natural resource and to improve forestry programmes and

expand its activities in accordance with the NP regimes of protection and sustainable

development.

65



Besides, forestry is the best organized and most significant economic activity in the area

judging by tangible economic benefits, employment conditions and successfully balanced

natural ecosystems. Forest estates within the Golija area have forest management plans and

programmes which are largely harmonized with the protection and development conditions of

the nature park. Considering the wealth of quality economic forests and a high volume of wood,

additional forestry operations could be developed aimed at expanding and improving the NP

activity resulting in the increase of the local employment rate.

In agriculture, given the natural conditions of the relief and climate, the local population is

engaged in crop and vegetable farming, fruit growing and animal husbandry. These require

different types of activity improvement and incentive measures in the form of tax reliefs,

favourable loans and subsidies/grants for specialized production of e.g. new types of fruits or

raspberries and other high-quality organic foods of defined geographic origin, which includes

the establishment of trade marks/brands to compete in the market. An improved agricultural

production leads to increased market competitiveness and product profitability. All of the

abovementioned should represent a strong impetus for rural households to perceive better

prospects of surviving in the countryside.

In the area, these are the fisheries production capacities: a trout pond for the production of

rainbow trout on the Studenica River and a hatchery on the Braduljica, its left tributary; a

hatchery on the Moravica near Međurečje, owned by SE "Srbijašume" - WU Ivanjica, whose

construction is nearing completion, and a pond of 40-50 tons/year capacity with 50,000-60,000

eggs (spawn)/year owned by the Agricultural Cooperative "Ušće" on the Studenica in Mlanča.

The existing fish-farming ponds, with appropriate reconstruction, as well as the introduction of

modern production processes, could successfully be used in the future.

A well-organized programme for agriculture improvement, which is defined by the Spatial Plan

of Special Purpose for "Golija" Nature Park, could achieve market production, but the

population needs to be given guarantee for marketing their surpluses. This requires funds of

donations, small enterprising investors, favourable loans, adequate transportation means, a

network of purchase stations, warehouses etc.

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5.4 How do economic activities in the biosphere benefit local communities?

Local population directly collect income through activities and tourist attractions on their farms

with accompanying tourist program (collecting medicinal herbs and forest fruits, bicycling,

cooking and pickling, brandy, homemade food, visits to monasteries, etc.). There are no readily

available data on economic impacts.

Good example of development is village Rudno.

The Table bellow shows the household income in the village of Rudno, established during the

making of this village’s identification chart, through PLA/PRA method. The source of income

has been ranked according to their significance, and percentage represents the number of

households making profit through the stated activity. The research was conducted in 2008.

AGRICULTURAL

INCOME SOURCES NON-AGRICULTURAL INCOME SOURCES

1

LIVESTOCK SALE

(calves and lambs)

80 %

1 PENSION FUND

10%

2 POTATO SALE

40 % 2

SALARY

2%

3 MILK SALE

70% 3

AGRICULTURAL PENSION

30%

4

CHEESE AND

DAIRY SALE

15%

4 CONSTRUCTION AND FIREWOOD SALE

30%

5 PIGS SALE

1% 5

FOREST-FRUITS AND MUSHROOM SALE

10%

6 VILLAGE TOURISM

10%

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Six groups of basic households are shown here, according to their realized incomes. The data

were generated during the making of the village identification chart.

ABOVE AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD

(1 %)

ABOVE AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD

(10 %)

salary and pension

2-3 tractors

a greater number of machines

truck

averagely 5 ha of arable land

averagely 0 ha of forests

averagely 10-15 ha of pastures and

meadows

leased land

milk and dairy sales income

agricultural production income (potato)

wood assorment sales income

averagely 10-15 cattle, and more

averagely30 sheep and more

enough man-power ( own and seasonal)

salary and pension

1-2 tractors machines

averagely 3 ha of arable land

averagely 5 ha of forests averagely 5-10 ha

of pastures and meadows

leased land



averagely 5-10 cattle,

averagely 20 sheep

man-power (seasonal)

AVERAGE HOUSEHOLD

(50 %)

OLD HOUSEHOLD

(20 %)

salary or pension

tractor

basic equipment

averagely 2-3 ha of arable land averagely

1-3 ha of forests

averagely o 2-3ha of pastures and

meadows



forest-fruits and mushroom-collecting

income

averagely do 5 cattle

averagely 10-15 sheep

manpower (personal)

pension

tractor

without agricultural mechanization

averagely 1-2 ha of land

a greater part of leased land

milk production for personla use

arable land for personal use 0,40-0,60 ha

averagely 3 grla cattle

averagely 5 grla sheep

lack of manpower

SINGLE MEMBER HOUSEOLD

(12 %)

WEEKEND VISITORS

(7 %)

with or without pension

tractor

basic mechanization

averagely 0.50 – 1 ha of arable land

averagely 1-5 ha of forests averagely 1-3

of pastures and meadows

unprocessed milk income

forest-fruits and mushroom-collecting

income

farming (for personal use)

averagely do10 cattle

averagely do10 grla ovaca

nedostatak radne snage

no mechanization

occassional visits over the year

owning around 0.50-5 ha of land

leasing the land

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5.5 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied? (Describe the methods, indicators). The possibility of achieving the set goals is analyzed from the perspective of the situational

conditions, through a comparative assessment of the preferred/optimal and real/current state of

the environment, or the so-called PESTEL - situational analysis and SWOT analysis.

P (Political) – conditions under the policy, which means quick and efficient resolution of the

issues and matters relating to the activities of the Manager and other interested legal entities

and individuals in the protected area by the competent authorities and institutions at national

and local levels, sanctioning of undue or unwarranted actions and unequivocal (political)

support to the processes and procedures of harmonizing public/general, local and individual

interests in favour of the interests of nature conservation and environmental protection. This

condition is not sufficiently fulfilled and can pose problems in the implementation of the

Management Plan in the next ten years.

E (Economic) - economic conditions, which include permanent and stable funding of the

Management Plan on the basis of the Law on Nature Protection and the Decree on the

Protection of "Golija" Nature Park. This condition is fulfilled in part, because securing the

necessary financial resources for now is mostly done from the activity of the Manager (forestry

industry), and less from the Government Budget, and funds which are neither permanent nor

stable regardless of the management plans and programmes documents of "Golija" NP.

Provision of financial resources depends on the Manager’s ability to find and secure the

funding necessary.

S (Social) - social conditions, which include environmentally conscious and responsible local

population with acceptable standards and perspective on life in the protected area. This

condition is the least fulfilled, because "Golija" NP is characterized by relatively low

population density, inadequate age structure of the local population, a low standard of living

of the local population in the "Golija" NP area, underdevelopment of the necessary

infrastructure for the purposes of agriculture, animal husbandry in the mountains and all

forms of tourism. Although cooperation with the local population is relatively good and

steadily improving, it is evident that a part of the local population considers the protection of

the "Golija" NP to be a constraint, and not an opportunity for sustainable development and a

better life.

T (Technological) - technological conditions, which include the Manager’s disposal of: human

resources, office space, other facilities and means of labour and telecommunications,

equipment of the protected area related to utilities and transport infrastructure, and landscaped

areas and facilities for recreation and visitor accommodation. This condition is partially

fulfilled in the part that refers to the Manager, and in the coming period certain issues are

expected to be gradually resolved so as to fulfill the conditions completely.

E (Ecological) - ecological conditions, which include high quality of environmental factors and

compliance with the quality standards, preservation of natural values, reduced risk of accidents.

This condition is not fully met because there is a problem of illegal construction, ineffective

waste management and the potential for a variety of negative impacts in the construction of the

necessary infrastructure for the development of Alpine and Nordic skiing.

L (Legal) - legal conditions, which include a rounded set of laws and bylaws relating to

environmental protection, utilization of natural resources, construction and landscaping. This

condition is mainly fulfilled and in the coming period adoption of bylaws in the field of nature

conservation and protected areas management is expected.

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Synthesis of SWOT Analysis of "Golija" Nature Park area and "Golija-Studenica"

Biosphere Reserve

Area Potentials Planning Opportunities

favourable geostrategic location;

preserved healthy environment, favourable

natural features and attractive landscape;

protected natural values (forest and other

ecosystems);

wealth of natural resources: water, climate,

forest, vegetation, soil, minerals, for different

types of activities;

exceptional natural and cultural-historical

heritage;

critical number of population and labour

force;

existing utilities and economic

infrastructure;

existing social and economic superstructure.

protection of natural and cultural

heritage;

development of recreation, rural and

health tourism and comparative activities;

development of modern utilities and

telecommunications infrastructure;

development of modern transportation

infrastructure;

development of social, economic and

housing superstructure;

use of water sources and planned

accumulations for the needs of local people

and potential tourists.

Area Limitations & Weaknesses Dangers in Planning

• geomorphological inaccessibility;

• weak natural resources for agriculture and other

activities;

• low economic growth;

• low level of development of basic economic

and utilities infrastructure, particularly transport;

• low level of development of social

superstructure (social institutions);

• little or no development of the network of

settlements, especially those above 1,000 m

MASL;

• high share of agricultural population engaged;

• high level of depopulation and elderly

population in settlements;

• gradual increase in unplanned construction.

• lack of financial resources;

• disruption of the ecological balance due to

busy traffic and economic activity;

• high investments in development;

• low awareness of the population on

nature as a public good (non-acceptance

of planning decisions).

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5.6 Community economic development initiatives. What programmes exist to promote

comprehensive strategies for economic innovation, change, and adaptation within the

biosphere reserve, and to what extent are they implemented?

Citizens Association for the Development of the Ibar Valley "IDA" from Kraljevo is a non-

profit organization (NPO), established to achieve the objectives in the field of sustainable

socio-economic development of local communities.

The objectives of the Association are: to promote understanding,

mutual knowledge and cooperation of people and communities at

national level within Europe and support a comprehensive and

free communication among them, primarily in the fields of

economy, culture, informing and politics; to promote social and

economic position of local communities; to distribute

humanitarian and financial assistance; to support the

development of small and medium enterprises and agribusiness;

to support initiatives aimed at local development and improving

of living conditions; to develop rural areas and their

communities; to engage in environmental protection; to support

initiatives of vulnerable groups, especially young people and

women and improve their position in society; to educate citizens

on the issues that contribute to sustainable socio-economic

development of local communities; to advocate breaking habits

with regard to respecting the principles of sustainable

development.

The Manager of the "Golija" NP, within which the "Golija-Studenica" BR is found, has

established a close cooperation with the Association and implemented several joint projects:

Conducting a workshop in cooperation with the NGO/NPO Association ''IDA'' from

Kraljevo on the subject: ''Opportunities for Sustainable Development of Agriculture and

Tourism in Golija Nature Park '' and Golija - Studenica Biosphere Reserve'';

Cooperation with the NGO/NPO Association ''IDA'' from Kraljevo within the project: "The

Protection, Development and Promotion of Tourism Potential of Golija Nature Park"; a

partner relationship of the local self-government, the state enterprise and civil society.

With revitalised National MAB Committee (Sub-Committee for MAB and Climate Change of

National Commission for UNESCO), educational activities are re-catalysed, like:

Seminar/workshop on the ‘’Possible aspects of environmental protection and sustainable use

of natural resources in terms of rural development’’ held in in the Biosphere Reserve

"Golija-Studenica" (Rudno village) for people from local community and local officers,

decision makers from different rural centers. Seminar was implemented by NGO

"Environmental Ambassadors" during the May 2011.

ECO -CAMP was organized from 1st to 6

th September 2011 in the Biosphere Reserve

"Golija-Studenica" for 20 students and children from area of Biosphere Reserve.

Educational camp was realized by NGO "Environmental Ambassadors" from Belgrade and

supported by UNESCO participative program 2010/2011 through project Ecological

footprint: analysis and training. Themes of the camp were the ecological footprint,

biodiversity, protection of natural resources and their sustainable use.

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The Biosphere Reserve has an active participation in the campaign "Let’s clean up Serbia",

which is held every year with great media coverage.

5.7 Local business or other economic development initiatives. Are there specific “green”

alternatives being undertaken to address sustainability issues? What relationships (if any)

are there among these different activities?

The main land uses in transition area are forestry, traditional agriculture, hunting, tourism. The

use of timber is done under defined Forestry management plans, developed by PE

“Srbijašume”.

Traditional farm activities are livestock rearing, dairying, farming and fruit growing. Old sorts

of fruits and field crops are still growing in the area. The collection of secondary forest products

(mushrooms, medicinal herbs, etc.) has been more popular in recent years. If the collection of

protected species is for commercial purposes, it is necessary to obtain permission from Ministry

of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning.

Local inhabitants still use the stone in the traditional way (production of lime in limekiln used

barks and trunks for fuel after forest cuttings; stone for house building and macadam road

construction and reconstruction.

Also, branches and small trunks of beech frequently use for charcoal production on traditional

way.

In the recent years, private households aspiring towards rural tourism development on Golija

have contributed the most to the development of accommodation capacity.

Cooperation was established with legal entities with a plan to construct Mini Hydro Power

Plants (MHPP). Decision on the conditions for nature protection for the preparation of technical

documentation and the establishment of MHPP "Vodice" on the Brusnik River, Ivanjica

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Municipality - issued by the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia to the company

"Victoenergy" from Kruševac; Decision on the conditions for nature protection for the

construction and establishment of MHPP "Rogopeč I"on the Brusnik River - issued by the

Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia to the company "Plamen AD"from Belgrade.

5.8 Describe the main changes (if there are any) in terms of cultural values (religious,

historical, political, social, ethnological) and others, if possible with distinction between

material and intangible heritage. (c.f. UNESCO Convention concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage 1972 and

UNESCO Convention for the Safeguard of the Intangible Cultural Heritage 2003

(http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13055&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html and

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=17716&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html)).

The people on Golija today are at a crossroads between the traditional and the modern. The

modern lifestyle causes rural youth drain and young people are leaving their villages because

“an easier and better life awaits in the nearby towns“. Consequently, the households are getting

older and older.

Traditional rural architecture of the region is disappearing. Only in a few places that are still left

one can see how rural homesteads used to be organized in old times and what life used to be

like then. New brick houses are being built near the old wooden log cabins, which are decrepit

and falling into ruin.

5.9 Community support facilities and services. What programmes in/for the biosphere

reserve address issues such as job preparation and skills training, health and social

services, and social justice questions. What are the relationships among them and with

community economic development?

There is a visitor centre in Bele Vode, adapted for tourist visits in 2004.

Accommodation facilities: hotel Golijska Reka (94 beds, currently out of function), hotel

Studenica (60 beds), motel Rupe; forest houses in Filipova rava, Kumanica, Klekovica and

Studenica; 400 beds in facilities of rural tourism and boarding houses. There are two

camping areas: Dugi laz and Brevina.

There are only few restaurant facilities (like Radočeko in Mlanči), beside those in

accommodation. They are not ranked, with poor interior design and equipment and without

recognizable offer.

http://portal.unesco.org/en/ev.php-URL_ID=13055&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=201.html

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Sports and recreation facilities are in Golijska Reka (football field, sport courts and tennis

courts, 3 km marked trail) and in Studenica (courts for handball, basketball and football).

Along the Biosphere Reserve are marked hiking trails (like in Rudno village area 70 km

hikung trails are marked). Viewpoints are: Kozje stene, Bojovo brdo, Preko brdo, Jankov

kamen, Kamenito brdo, as well as Golo brdo.

The ski infrastructure exists on Dajić hill, in Golijska Reka, as well as in Rudno.

5.10 What indicators are in place to assess the effectiveness of activities aiming to foster

sustainable development? What have these indicators shown?

Based on the monthly reports written according to previous reports by the Rangers of "Golija"

NP and the Biosphere Reserve and on the Manager’s annual reports, an evaluation is made and

planning documents are implemented in order to ensure sustainable development of the

Biosphere Reserve.

Monthly reports inter alia include data on:

Activities on the improvement and promotion of the protected area;

Activities of the Ranger Service on visitor control, prevention of illegal construction

(notifications and other measures taken, meetings with relevant institutions and

inspections, time when held etc.), prevention of illegal exploitation of natural resources

in the protected area (reports filed on illegal use of stone, wood assortments, use of

motor vehicles and boats, etc.).

Activities on cooperation promotion and education of the local population;

Records of submitted reports;

Activities at presentations of the protected area (making posters, flyers, participating in

seminars, exhibitions and various other events);

Data on inspections by the Ministry.

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5.11 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the success of

development efforts in the entire biosphere reserve? Given the experiences and lessons

learned in the past ten years, what new strategies or approaches will be most effective?

The main negative factors

Jurisdictional complexity; imprecision of certain legal solutions; autarchy, indecision or

disinterest of certain competent institutions and individuals responsible; excessive assertiveness

by area (things seen from one’s own angle only); non-synchronized measures; lack of

recognizing opportunities, trends and ways of functioning of the area - so far, all these have

featured a binding constraint to a proper, fair and serious approach and implementation of

developmental functions of the Biosphere Reserve.

Guest visits, mainly aimed at seeing the cultural-historical attractions and going on trips along

the rivers located in the NP area, most often result in the problems to deal wih visitors’careless

attitude towards nature (leaving behind garbage and non-estinguished campfires) that are

solved on the spot. As expected, visitor numbers are the highest during the holidays and in the

summer months. Visitor control is carried out by the ranger and water-bailiff services and other

staff hired by the Manager who engage in the protected area management activities.

The main positive factors

A positive attitude, primarily of the local population, towards the conditions upon which certain

activities are based and performed, as well as their expressed readiness to accept the solutions

offered in certain fields are the foundation of building lasting relationships with positive

financial effects for all the participants.

In order to develop a high-quality and, most importantly, achievable and viable programme it is

necessary (particularly in the first half of the year) that the competent institutions come to the

completion and legal formalization of the projects started.

Especially positive factors, which will have a positive impact on the BR developmental

functions, are the adoption of the Spatial Plan of Special Purpose for the ''Golija'' NP and the

drawing-up of the Master Plan for Tourism Development of the ''Golija" NP area.

Lessons learned: It is very important for the Biosphere Reserve Management that the local

communities recognize the value of natural areas in which they live, understand the importance

of nature, accept the concept of sustainable development and protected areas (widely spread in

other countries) and realize that living and working in a protected natural area that has the

status of Biosphere Reserve represent a true benefit on its own.

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6. THE LOGISTIC FUNCTION: [This refers to programs that enhance the capacity of people and organizations in the biosphere reserve to address

both conservation and development issues for sustainable development as well as research, monitoring,

demonstration projects and education needed to deal with the specific context and conditions of the biosphere

reserve.]

6.1 Describe the main institutions conducting research or monitoring in the biosphere

reserve, and their programmes. Comment on organizational changes (if any) in these

institutions over the past ten years as they relate to their work in the biosphere reserve.

Implementation of the Management program of the Biosphere Reserve is conducted by the

Administration of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica", an integral part of the Public

Enterprise "Srbijašume".

6.2 Summarize the main themes of research and monitoring undertaken over the past ten

years and the area(s) in which they were undertaken in order to address specific

questions related to biosphere reserve management and for the implementation of the

management plan (please refer to variables in Annex I). (For each specific topic provide reference citations. Provide the full citations alphabetically by lead author at the

end of Section 6 or in a separate annex).

Research, monitoring, education and training are being conducted by the manager of the

biosphere reserve, variety of organizations and qualified individuals. The management has been

taking care that all of these are consistent with the functions of Biosphere Reserve. This type of

research is associated with socio-economic development of the area.

Socio-economic research was performed at the area of Golija (wider area of the biosphere



Ostojić M.S., Topisirović Lj.M., Relić R.R., Jež G.M. (2010): Autochthonous

technology of Golija cheese. Prehrambena industrija - mleko i mlečni proizvodi, vol.

21, nr. 1-2, pp. 46-51.

Savić M., Katić B., Mijajlović N. (2010): The condition of cattle breeding and sheep

breeding in mountain Golija area. Ekonomika, vol. 56, iss. 1, pp. 87-95.

Relić R., Ostojić M.S., Vuković V.M., Jež G.M. (2009): Housing conditions and milk

quality of cows from mountain Golija region. Prehrambena industrija - mleko i mlečni

proizvodi, vol. 20, iss. 1-2, pp. 95-99.

Ljajić I., Uglić M., Ramović F. (2009): Road network of Pešter plateau and Golija

mountain. Put i saobraćaj, vol. 56, iss. 3, pp. 37-44.

Kuzović Lj., Uglić M., Radićević V., Ljajić I., Stevanović N., Glavić D. (2009): The

relevance of future motorway Belgrade-South Adriatic for qualitative traffic opening

and development of Pešter plateau and Golija mountain. Put i saobraćaj, vol. 56, iss. 3,

pp. 27-36.

Vojković G., Stojanović B. (2006): Golija: Population development and perspectives.

Stanovništvo, vol. 44, iss. 2, pp. 35-64.











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6.3 Describe how traditional and local knowledge and knowledge from relating to

management practices have been collected, synthesized and disseminated. Explain how

such knowledge is being applied to new management practices, and how and if it has been

integrated into training and educational programmes.

The model of inclusion of traditional local knowledge and the knowledge related to

management practices are connected to the work of advisory bodies within which stakeholders

and local communities participate in the development programs of the Biosphere Reserve. This

pertains to the the work of the Council of Biosphere Reserve, which is represented by the

executive and decision-making body and responsible for planning and management of the

Biosphere Reserve. The Council has 9 to 11 members, one of whom is a president of the Forum

of stakeholders "Golija". The Council of Biosphere Reserve, besides the key representatives of

governmental institutions and civil society organizations, is attended by the representatives of

local communities and the private sector.

On the other hand, the Forum of stakeholders "Golija" is an advisory body consisting of 15

members representing a wide range of interests and knowledge of all stakeholders from all five

municipalities surrounding the Biosphere Reserve: Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Raška and

Sjenica. Members of the Forum are appointed from each municipal forum. Each municipal

forum should nominate 3 members representing the range of interests and complementing each

other (no need to duplicate roles) in different fields covering all relevant development activities

(agriculture, tourism, education, civil sector, private initiatives, etc.). Municipal forums are

open groups of members representing each of the five municipalities, which consist of all

stakeholders (government agencies, NGOs, representatives of local people, private

entrepreneurs, etc.) having the interest in the Biosphere Reserve.

The meetings are public and everyone from the municipality may attend and participate in the

meetings and other gatherings. The meetings of the Forum of stakeholders "Golija" precede the

meetings of the Council, so that the decision makers in the Council would be informed about

attitudes and guidelines of the Forum by the Chairman of the Forum. Since the traditional

knowledge related to the development management of the area of Biosphere Reserve has shown

positive results leading to the strengthening of partnership between stakeholders from each

municipality located in the surrounding of the Reserve, the workshops of educational character

was held on December 11th

, 2014 at the Studenica Monastery dormitory. The workshop was

attended by the muncipal officials in charge of development, agriculture and environmental

protection sector, the representatives of tourist organizations, schools, NGOs, and youth offices

from all five municipalities. The workshop was organized by the Ministry of Agriculture and

Environmental Protection, Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, "Srbijašume" and WWF,

Serbia. This workshop included interactive educational activities for the representatives of each

municipality and sector, who presented their experience in managing the development of their

sector at the area of the Biosphere Reserve, and gave their opinion on the presented models of

good management practices in the European biosphere reserves. This kind of work has enabled

the participants to define the vision of the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenca" or what they

wanted to achieve in the future development management of the area.

These conclusions included the following: the area of Biosphere Reserve "Golija Studenica" is

strictly controlled and regulated area in accordance with the needs of nature conservation and

the local population protection, in which the schools have been reopened and multi-functional

rural households and their operations have become hereditary, the preserved natural and

cultural heritage through sustainable tourism provides income to the local population residing

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in and around the Reserve. Participants of the meeting also expressed the initiative that one of

the activities of the Council of Biosphere Reserve and the Forum of stakeholders "Golija"

should be the support to educational programs and trainings that would enable the

representatives of institutions and organizations in the certain sectors (tourism, agriculture,

economy, education, culture) of some municipalities to present their good practices and to

implement training for involvement of people from other municipalities in the same or similar

programs. Such an approach would enable the expansion of specific activities and programs,

and the creating of new development initiatives.

6.4 Environmental/sustainability education. Which are the main educational institutions

(“formal” – schools, colleges, universities, and “informal” services for the general public)

that are active in the biosphere reserve? Describe their programmes, including special

school or adult education programmes, as these contribute towards the functions of the

biosphere reserve. Comment on organizational changes (if any) in institutions and

programmes that were identified in the biosphere reserve ten or so years ago (e.g. closed

down, redesigned, new initiatives). Refer to programmes and initiatives of UNESCO

Associated Schools networks, UNESCO Chairs and Centers where applicable.

Numerous groups and schools are involved in environmental education and public awareness

activities focused on Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica. Biosphere Reserve and Nature

Park work together with schools on education of youth about the importance of biodiversity

conservation and the environment. Rangers educate visitors about the conservation of

biodiversity.

Environmental education and education for sustainable development as part of the regular

curriculum within the school subjects World around us and Nature and Society in the junior

grades of elementary schools, and within the subjects Geography and Biology in the senior

grades of elementary school, is carried out for students in the Biosphere Reserve through the

work of the central schools and their branches in the Elementary school "Stefan Nemanja" in

Studenica, Elementary School "Milun Ivanović" in Ušće, Elementary School "Dr. Nedeljko

Košanin" in Devići and Elementary School "Svetozar Marković" in Kovilj. In their work on

education for sustainable development the schools have acknowledged the recommendations of

UNESCO Associated School Network and the possibility of cooperation in the programs of

UNESCO Centers for Global Education: Youth and Students.

In order to support the implementation of environmental education programs in the framework

of extra-curricular school activities at the area of the Reserve, the Institute for Nature

Conservation of Serbia, on the occasion of the action "160 years of the clamour of students" as

part of the celebration of 160th

anniversary of the Elementary school "Prof. dr. Nedejko

Košanin" in Devići in January 2013, provided a rich fund of publications (books, DVDs,

documentaries, teaching materials) for the school, thus creating an eco-corner of the school

library.

Recognizing the importance of the school`s position within the boundaries of the Biosphere

Reserve, Elementary school "Svetozar Marković" in Kovilj saw an opportunity for the school in

nature to be attended by the students from urban and lowland region schools. Besides usual

activities of the schools in nature, they have planned to offer a stay in the country with ethno

elements.

Elementary schools in the villages of the Biosphere Reserve are the centers of educational

activities and educational activities for adults, which include the application of thematic

programs on sustainable development such as round table discussions, workshops and courses

related to environmental protection, sustainable agriculture, primarilly in the field of organic

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production, certification of households for eco and rural tourism, trainings in the field of

entrepreneurship, etc.

Educational programs, which are based on the maintaining of traditions and the use of

traditional knowledge and traditional crafts, are carried out by the institutions with the aim of

strengthening the capacity of the village culture. These are the following institutions: Cultural

institution in Ušće, Cultural Center "Ribnica" in Kraljevo and Cultural institution in Ivanjica.

These institutions organize educational programs related to cultural and spiritual heritage and

tradition as part of the events such as Summer Spiritual Academy of Serbian Music Youth and

the Art Colony in Studenica.

An important educational center in the Biosphere Reserve is the spiritual center of the

Monastery "Studenica", which in addition to programs related to the preservation of spiritual

heritage and traditions offered within the capacity of monastery dormitory, supports the

organization and implementation of programs on improving the capacity of local people for

participation in the management and development of the areas of Biosphere Reserve.

Organized by the Republic Agency for Spatial Planning and the Ministry of Environment,

Mining and Spatial Planning, a meeting entitled "The protection, development and management

of Nature Park Golija and Biosphere Reserve Golija-Studenica" was held in June 7 and 8, 2012

at the Studenica monastery dormitory (near the monastery Studenica).

The important educational programs are realized by the manager of the Nature Park and

Biosphere Reserve, PE "Srbijašume", through the work of the Visitors Center, independently,

and in cooperation with NGOs, Youth offices and competent institutions that implement

programs on nature protection and sustainable development.

Visitors center Bele Vode, with the total area of 239 m2, consists of the room for meetings and

presentation, office space, showroom, two suites and a room for officials. The centre is

equipped with the necessary equipment for work and presentations for visitors. The Visitors’

centre is suitable for the study of nature, visiting an area in the professional guided groups,

observation of animals and plants, photo-safari, etc.

Besides Visitors centre, another educational facility was built in the Biosphere Reserve.

"Srbijašume", the manager of the Nature Park "Golija" and the Youth Center "Duga" from Novi

Pazar, implemented the project "Learning from Nature", in which the "Amphitheater in nature"

was built in the protected area. The construction of "Amphitheater in nature" is within the

Nature Park "Golija", in the Municipality of Novi Pazar, Cadastral municipality Muhovo,

cadastral lot no. 961, on the route Odvraćenica-Golijska river, at a site called "Muhovica".

The "Amphitheater in nature" consists of sports court (classical field with two goals),

playground for children (seesaw, wooden swings and benches) and a green classroom

consisting of a part for the presenter/lecturer, wooden info board, desk and chair, a part with

benches and two eaves, along with the part for the disabled children and the access path.

"Amphitheater in nature" will be at the disposal of the visitors to Nature Park "Golija",

members of the Youth Center "Duga" from Novi Pazar, primary and secondary schools, as well

as universities in the Republic of Serbia and other institutions for education in nature.

NGOs working at the area of the Biosphere Reserve are also important for the realization of

educational programs. As examples of NGOs involvement we may state the following:

- NGO IDA is organizing number of trainings.

- Seminar/workshop on the „Possible aspects of environmental protection and sustainable use

of natural resources in terms of rural development“ held in in the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-

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Studenica" (Rudno village) for people from local community and local officers, decision

makers from different rural centers. Seminar was implemented by NGO "Environmental

Ambassadors" during the May 2011.

- ECO -CAMP was organized from 1st to 6

th September 2011 in the Biosphere Reserve

"Golija-Studenica" for 20 students and children from area of Biosphere Reserve.

Educational camp was realized by NGO "Environmental Ambassadors" from Belgrade and

supported by UNESCO participative program 2010/2011 through project Ecological

footprint: analysis and training. Themes of the camp were the ecological footprint,

biodiversity, protection of natural resources and their sustainable use.

Young people from Sombor city, the students of different faculties in Serbia, spent time at the

educational camp in the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica" in the period August 27 to 31

2012. During the five-day eco-school 18 students from Sombor had the opportunity to get to

know the Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica", and at the educational workshops to acquire

new and to complement the knowledge regarding different fields of environmental protection.

Several educational workshops were held: protection of natural and cultural goods within the

Biosphere Reserve, protection and use of plants, field practicum - identifying the main groups

of plants, waste management in rural areas, and the tourism in protected areas. Educational

excursions and walking tours were also organized.

6.5 How do you assess the effectiveness of actions or strategies applied? (Describe the methods, indicators).

Considering the activities on the implementation of infrastructure development in the function

of eco-tourism, a prime indicator of successful implementation is the number of users. For that

purpose the use of walking and cycling trails was observed. It was concluded that the

establishment of eco-tourism infrastructure resulted in the larger number of visitors and the

length of their stay in Golija. It was also noted that the users of infrastructure generally stayed

in rural households which were categorized for tourism operation.

While the success in the improving of educational infrastructure at the area of Biosphere

Reserve is measured by the number, diversity and quality of programs implemented, at the

specific facilities of this type, such as Amphitheater in nature and Visitors center, program

quality is checked through surveys and questionnaires for the program's beneficiaries in order to

rate the usefulness of the programs, their contents and organization.

The time required to implement certain initiatives is also an indicator of their evaluation. As an

indicator of success, the numbers and time spent in overcoming certain barriers was also

observed.

The involvement of local communities, civil society associations and the population of the area

in the implementation of activities is an important indicator of a successful outcome.

As an indicator of success in the implementation of activities and strategies, the public

representation of the activities in local and national media is also rated.

Basic methods of measuring the success of activities and strategies are based on the analysis

and synthesis of data obtained through systematic observation, monitoring, survey and situation

analysis.

6.5.1 Describe the biosphere reserve’s main internal and external communication

mechanisms/systems

The main internal communication mechanisms are based on a regular exchange of information

between the staff of Biosphere Reserve engaged in certain management activities including

regular personal communication, and holding daily, weekly and monthly meetings. In addition

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to personal models the communication is enabled through electronic media, within which there

is a network of communication groups in "Srbijašume" as a manager, which enables fast

vertical and horizontal communication within the Public Enterprise "Srbijašume".

External communication also takes place via personal communication models and the use of

electronic media and mass communication media. Basic models of personal communication are

forums, public hearings, thematic meetings, round table discussions, presentations, lectures and

the like. This type of communication enables the motivation of stakeholders and target

audiences to be involved in the initiatives and programs for the development of Biosphere

Reserve.

An important factor of communication, informing and communicating messages to the public is

undoubtedly the media, so that there is a cooperation with the press of daily, weekly and

specialized magazines, radio, television and other electronic media, on both the local and

national level.

6.5.2 Is there a biosphere reserve website? If so, provide the link.

The Biosphere Reserve is presented on the web site of the Manager PE “SRBIJAŠUME”,

within the web page and the following link http://www.srbijasume.rs/golija1.html.

The information on Golija and Biosphere Reserve, and the relevant documents, are available on

the web site of the Municipality of Ivanjica

http://www.ivanjica.gov.rs/golija/srpski/ivanjica/golija containing the headline GOLIJA on the

main page.

The Biosphere Reserve is also presented on the web site of the Association Rudanjski

domaćini, who are engaged in the rural tourism

http://www.rudno.org.rs/rezervat_biosfere_golija_studenica.html

Golija is presented as the Biosphere Reserve on the web site containing the recommendations

for visiting certain areas favourable for various activities in nature

http://www.serbiaecotour.rs/en/protected-areas/golija.

A part of the Tourist Organization of Serbia site is dedicated to Golija

(http://www.srbija.travel/priroda/parkovi-prirode/golija/), as well as the web site of the City of

Kraljevo (http://kraljevo.org/OpstinaKraljevo-_253_lat).

6.5.3 Is there an electronic newsletter? How often is it published? (provide the link, if

applicable).

Publishing activity by the the Biosphere Reserve Manager does not exist, except for the forestry

journal "Revija Šume" published by SE "Srbijašume". The Journal is issued several times a

year and deals, among other topics, with forest protection, nature conservation and

environmentalal protection. (http://www.srbijasume.rs/revsumee.html)

6.5.4 Does the biosphere reserve belong to a social network (Facebook, Twitter, etc.)?

Provide the contact.

Currently the Biosphere Reserve is not represented on the social networks.

6.5.5 Are there any other internal communication systems? If so, describe them.

There is the "ZPD v.3" Protected Areas Database application which was installed in February

2015 in all parts of the State Enterprise "Srbijašume" that manages the "Golija" NP and the

Biosphere Reserve.

The application includes 5 forms for data entry, as follows:

http://www.srbijasume.rs/golija1.html

http://www.ivanjica.gov.rs/golija/srpski/ivanjica/golija

http://www.rudno.org.rs/rezervat_biosfere_golija_studenica.html

http://www.srbija.travel/priroda/parkovi-prirode/golija/

http://kraljevo.org/OpstinaKraljevo-_253_lat

http://www.srbijasume.rs/revsumee.html

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• Records on natural and man-made values - data on localities, facilities planning, places of

interest for the protected area;

• Billing - records on the funds generated by the decision on fees for use of the protected area;

• E-document - the electronic register of all documents on the protected area;

• Terms and Conditions of the Institute for Nature Conservation – related to all activities in the

protected area performed by the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia;

• Register of strictly protected plant and animal species;

• Monitoring Records & Manual for easy identification of strictly protected plant and animal

species: plants, fungi, insects, fish, herpetofauna, birds and mammals.

All the data entered have their own ID and connection to the geodatabase and GIS Srbijašume.

All the documents and acts are scanned and linked to the database. There is also photographic

documentation as an integral part of the database. The data are shared using a server,

information is entered in the field by forest estate. Aggregate data are available at the General

Directorate of SE "Srbijašume".

6.6 Describe how the biosphere reserve currently contributes to the World Network of

Biosphere Reserves and/or could do so in the future.

Biosphere Office Staff regularly submit reports on the request of the World Network of

Biosphere Reserves.

The Office Staff are ready to participate in a number of EuroMAB conferences and attend

lectures in order to gain new information and exchange experiences and practice examples.

6.6.1 Describe any collaboration with existing biosphere reserves at national, regional,

and international levels, also within regional and bilateral agreements.

In the previous period, the Manager of the "Golija" NP and the"Golija-Studenica" BR has

established regional cooperation through:

• a visit to the «Entlebuch» Biosphere Reserve in Switzerland, whose core values are: wet

meadows and wetlands – peat bogs with a variety of plant life ;

• a visit to the «Hortobágy» National Park in Hungary and the introduction to its business and

organization, as well as the use of indigenous breeds in maintaining pastures on the territory of

the above National Park, one of the greatest pastures of Europe.

6.6.2 What are the current and expected benefits of international cooperation for the

biosphere reserve?

Golija is recognized as part of Emerald network and Serbian ecological network, IBA, IPA,

PBA, ProGEO and important site for future Natura 2000 in Serbia.

6.6.3 How do you intend to contribute to the World Network of Biosphere Reserves in the

future and to the Regional and Thematic Networks?

A revitalized National MAB and Climate Change Sub-Committee would have a major role to

play to help bridge gaps between international research and other programs and individual

biosphere reserves.

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The realization of development initiatives based on traditional crafts and food production

enables a successful promoting of development models in line with the conservation of natural

resources, as a mission of MAB areas. These initiatives are in line with the adopted motto of

the Biosphere Reserve "Golija- Studenica" – Living with the mountain.

6.7 What are the main factors that influenced (positively or negatively) the success of

activities contributing to the logistic support function? Given the experiences and lessons

learned in the past ten years, what new strategies or approaches will be favored as being

most effective?

Assistance related policy support, natural resource management, biodiversity, strengthening of

nature management, (possible) local value chains, applied research, capacity and institution

building, governance, infrastructure building, will be helpful.

It is very important to the management of biosphere reserve, that the local communities

recognize the value of natural areas in which they live, to understand the importance of nature,

to accept the concept of sustainable development and protected areas, which are widely spread

in other countries, and that is a benefit of living and working in a protected natural area that has

the status of Biosphere Reserve.

6.8 Other comments/observations from a biosphere reserve perspective.

In order to establish logistic conditions for the management of the Biosphere Reserve, further

activities will be directed to the development of human resources for the implementation of

development strategies, through the establishment of a network of engaged human resources

and their training on the necessary competencies needed for the participation in the

management. A parallel activity would be the work on completing the technical, infrastructural,

educational, informational and communicational characteristics of the area of Biosphere

Reserve.

The management and governance challenges related to Golija (nature value) and Studenica

(cultural value) are something that relevant applied research is needed in order to provide

improvement suggestions (policy, management).

Participation of local communities is satisfactory, but the following must be done in order to

strengthen the cooperation:

1. Continuous environmental education and informing of the residents and visitor of the

Biosphere Reserve, about the value and preservation of natural and cultural assets.

2. Initiate a range of activities, services and information which can be organized by the

rural population on family farms in order to attract tourists and create additional

income.

3. Initiate program of reconstruction and conservation of architectural heritage in the area

of the village Gradac, Brusnik and Plešin, where the best-preserved structure of

traditional construction is. These settlements are planned for the special protection and

rehabilitation as spatial, historical, ethnic, with priorities for the development of

appropriate tourism types.

4. Development of general, topical and informative promotional materials with

educational character of the Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica, as well as of Nature

Park Golija, such as guide, brochure, CD, catalogues, flyers and other promotional

materials.

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7. GOVERNANCE, BIOSPHERE RESERVE MANAGEMENT AND

COORDINATION: [Biosphere reserve coordination/management coordinators/managers have to work within extensive overlays of

government bodies, business enterprises, and a “civil society” mix of non-governmental organizations and

community groups. These collectively constitute the structures of governance for the area of the biosphere reserve.

Success in carrying out the functions of a biosphere reserve can be crucially dependent upon the collaborative

arrangements that evolve with these organizations and actors. Key roles for those responsible for the biosphere

reserve coordination/management are to learn about the governance system they must work within and to explore

ways to enhance its collective capacities for fulfilling the functions of the biosphere reserve.]

Upon establishing the "Golija-Studenica" Biosphere Reserve, the Government of the Republic

of Serbia adopted a Decision on the establishment of the Coordinating Council for the

Protection and Development of the Golija Area (2002) whose task is to coordinate the activities

on the preparation of programme and management planning for socio-economic and

environmentally sustainable development of the Golija area, in accordance with the criteria of

preserving the natural and cultural heritage of the "Golija-Studenica" BR i.e. the "Golija" NP

and the need to improve the life quality of inhabitants in the area and develop appropriate

activities.

The Coordinating Council for the Protection and Development of the Golija Area functioned

until 2004, and SE "Srbijašume" also performed tasks related to the functioning of the "Golija-

Studenica" BR related to its management activity within ”Golija” NP.

The Manager of the "Golija" NP and the "Golija-Studenica"BR has sought to establish

cooperation with the local people, local self-government and other area users, so that the locals

would recognize the natural values of the area they live in and understand the importance of

nature protection and accept the concept of protection and sustainable development of the

"Golija" NP and the "Golija-Studenica" BR.

Based on the remarks and recommendations of the Advisory Committee for Biosphere

Reserves it was concluded that the management of the "Golija-Studenica" BR should be

organized according to the model that works within the World Network of Biosphere Reserves,

using examples of good management practices of the biospheres in Rhön, Germany and

Entlebuch, Switzerland.

Priority activities in the previous period have been aimed at: reorganizing the management of

the "Golija-Studenica" BR, with a focus on defining the ways in which to manage the

Biosphere Reserve; drafting the Biosphere Reserve Management Plan; establishing Municipal

Interested Parties’ Forums, the Forum of interested parties and the Council of the "Golija

Studenica"BR.

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Hence, bodies were established to supervise the Manager’s activities as shown in the following

scheme and explained in detail in sections 1f and 7.5 of this Review Report.

According to the Law on Nature Protection, the Protected Area Management Plan is a

document according to which the Manager in charge plans the following: measures and

activities of protection, conservation, promotion and use of the protected area; guidelines and

priorities for the protection and conservation of natural values of the protected area and

development guidelines with respect to the needs of local residents.

The Manager adopts a 10-year management plan which is approved by the Ministry responsible

for environmental protection, since the Protection Act on Mountain Area Golija Radočelo was

adopted by the Government of the Republic of Serbia.

The "Golija" NP Management Plan (2011-2020) was prepared in accordance with:

• the Law on Nature Protection (Article 53 prescribes the contents of the plan) and

• the Decree on the Protection of "Golija" Nature Park ("Official Gazette RS" No.

45/2001 of 20th July 2001).

7.1 What are the technical and logistical resources for the coordination of the biosphere

reserve?

Within the "Golija" NP Management, which also covers the entire "Golija-Studenica" BR, there

are 28 protected area guards/rangers engaged on a permanent basis, 9 ’revir’ (forest district)

engineers, 2 senior officials for private forests and environmental protection, 1 manager of the

Work Unit “Golija“ NP and "Golija-Studenica“ BR.

The Management disposes of the following technical equipment: 1 terrain vehicle Lada Niva

and, within parts of SE “Srbijašume“ (the Forest Estates “Stolovi“ - Kraljevo, “Šumarstvo“ –

Raška and “Golija“ - Ivanjica), also vehicles from their fleets (1 delivery vehicle, 5 terrain

vehicles, 2 fire engines and 1 truck equipage) are used, where and when appropriate.

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In 2009, at the newly established Tourist Centre "Odvraćenica", the "Golija" NP built the

“Odvraćenica Visitor Centre“, with a visitor house, mountain cabins for guest accommodation

and informative-educational booths.

In the vicinity there are basketball, volleyball and handball courts and a football pitch. The

Visitor Centre stretches on an area of 30 ha, and about one million euros for its construction

were provided from the National Investment Plan. The holder of the investment was the

"Golija" NP Manager – SE "Srbijašume". There is also a facility equipped for the needs of the

Biosphere Reserve (the Visitor Centre “Bele Vode“), as well as many recreational facilities

(shelters, picnic furnaces, fountains, benches etc.). The reconstruction of the Visitor Centre

“Studenica" is in progress.

7.2 What is the overall framework for governance in the area of the biosphere reserve?

Identify the main components and their contributions to the biosphere reserve.

The management practices are preservation of primary species, selective and controlled use of

natural resources, research, educational activities, and development of organized tourism,

monitoring, population control in the case of the ecosystem destabilization.

The area is divided into several forestry management units. Every unit has its management plan

for development and protection of forests. Special objectives depends according to the area

utilization: nature conservation, biodiversity conservation, gene pool conservation, educational

and scientific-research forest function and forest reserves, aesthetic forest function, recreational

and tourism forest function. Practices for protection of forest are as follows:

Protection of forests against diseases, pests and weed,

Protection of forests against fire,

Protection of forests against game and domestic animals,

Protection of forests against abiotic harmful effects.

In accordance with the Regulations on Internal Organization of the State Enterprise for Forest

Management "Srbijašume" and the Regulations on Conditions that need to be fulfilled by the

Manager of the protected area, the Work Unit "Golija Nature Park" was established, currently

composed of 35 guards/rangers (for 2016 the hire of up to 5 guards is planned, due to

retirement leave), 3 head rangers and the WU manager.

The tasks of direct (’in-the-field) management of the "Golija" NP are conducted by the ''Golija''

NP Manager and parts of SE "Srbijašume", the Forest Estates “Stolovi“ - Kraljevo,

“Šumarstvo“ - Raška and “Golija“ - Ivanjica.

Supervision, as part of the "Golija" NP management system, is executed through the

security/ranger service with employed persons, namely the forest guards/rangers and fisheries

officers who are responsible to head security officers/head rangers and the senior officers for

private forests and environmental protection.

A forest ranger - fisheries officer patrols the area on a daily basis and determines if there are

any illegal activities. He/she makes notes in their security log book and submits a monthly

report to their immediate superior – the ’revir’ or forest district engineer who, according to a

pre-defined reporting dynamics, submits a further report to the competent forest estate service,

i.e. to the senior officer for private forests and environmental protection, who finally submits a

report to the "Golija" NP Manager.

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7.3 Describe social impact assessments or similar tools and guidelines used to support

indigenous and local rights and cultural initiatives (e.g. CBD Akwé:Kon guidelines, Free,

Prior, and Informed Consent Programme/policy, access and benefit sharing institutional

arrangements, etc.).

Based on the research conducted for the preparation of the Master Plan of Tourism

Development on Golija, among other things, it was concluded that the rights of local

communities (local rights) and the support of the cultural values development (cultural

initiatives) will be achieved through improving the marketing of local high-quality agricultural

products. In this way the market will be ensured and manufacturers’ earnings will be provided.

Production of healthy food is also anticipated, primarily milk, dairy products and meat, with

recognizable trademarks to identify local products.

Further development of beekeeping will ensure continuation of its long tradition in the Golija

area, especially in the municipality of Sjenica ("Sjenička Bee").

Also, a wider inclusion of rural settlements in tourism activities is needed in order to create

conditions for the revival and development of these settlements and their resources, particularly

when it comes to food production, local culinary products and presentation of authentic

ethnological and cultural values, the revival of traditional crafts, education of the population

and visitors-tourists in order to understand the necessity to preserve all the values of the area.

7.4 What (if any) are the main conflicts relating to the biosphere reserve and what

solutions have been implemented?

Activities, operations and processes that may pose threats to the "Golija"NP are directly related

to natural and man-made values, i.e. their protection, use and sustainable development.

The users and owners of natural and man-made values in the "Golija" NP area, as well as the

visitors, can represent a threat if in their activities and actions they do not respect the prescribed

regulatory regimes and measures of restraint and protection. Nature and environmental

protection must be integrated in the "Golija" NP area.

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Based on the "Golija"NP and "Golija-Studenica" BR Management Plan, activities, operations

and processes that may pose problems to endanger the natural values of the "Golija" NP are as

follows:

Illegal construction of weekend houses.

There is no regular sanitary control of water quality in captured wellsprings. In

cooperation with the competent inspection of the Ministry of Environment and Spatial

Planning, the Manager has taken measures on the removal of illegally constructed

buildings and the prevention of illegal construction in the "Golija" NP area, so as not to

jeopardize the protected area.

Waste - inadequate infrastructure equipment of the villages has a negative impact on the

quality of the environment in the part related to waste management. For the NP area

there are no data on the amount of waste or its organized collection. There are no waste

disposal plans, so municipal waste ends up in the least favourable locations from the

point of compromising the environment.

Construction related to tourism development, considering that it is envisaged by the

Spatial Plan of Special Purpose for Golija Nature Park and the Master Plan for Tourism

Development on Golija that the tourist-catering facilities will be complemented to ski

resorts. Skiable terrain however, due to its functionality, will have to stretch through the

protected areas of the Nature Park as well as forest areas. For the realization of the

planned tasks and building the necessary infrastructure, deforestation, land use change

etc. will be necessary, which can have negative effects on the natural values of the

"Golija"NP.

By the Spatial Plan of Special Purpose for Golija Nature Park space is reserved for the

construction of infrastructure corridor ''Belgrade - South Adriatic'' which allows an

extremely significant opening of the Golija area as regards traffic, but also represents a

great ecological barrier.

The disappearance of indigenous pastures due to the reduced number of cattle and

overgrowing of pasture and meadow space.

7.4.1 Describe the main conflicts regarding access to, or the use of, resources in the area

and the relevant timeframe. If the biosphere reserve has contributed to preventing or

resolving some of these conflicts, explain what has been resolved or prevented, and how

this was achieved for each zone?

The most common conflicts occur with respect to accessing and using resources. The main

conflicts were related to property-legal matters - illegal construction of buildings, illegal use of

stone, capping of water wells and construction of fountains without permits, construction of

roads without proper design documentation and non-compliance with project items, non-

observance of prescribed clauses in the lease of land, illegal hunting and fishing, as well as

uneconomical use of forest products (e.g. picking wild blueberries with rake tools that destroy

their root system).

Based on the Reviw Report by the Manager, the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia and

inspection bodies, a large number of facilities have been recorded whose construction,

reconstruction or renovation is either completed or still in progress without appropriate official

authorization. Also, disrespect or inconsistency has been established in the implementation of

adopted spatial and urban plans and authoritative regulations in the process of obtaining

documentation for construction.

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Conflict resolution is mainly reached through litigation, but also through alternative dispute

resolution processes.

As a preventive measure, through a joint action implementation with the state representatives -

Forestry Inspectors and Environmental Protection Inspectors, the Management of the "Golija"

NP and the “Golija-Studenica” BR has introduced enhanced control in the field during the

hunting season and the season of harvesting non-wood forest products. To point out one more

thing, there is also a successful cooperation with the Republic Inspection.

7.4.2 Describe any conflicts in competence among the different administrative authorities

involved in the management of the area comprising the biosphere reserve.

In the previous period no conflicts of this type have been recorded.

7.4.3 Explain the means used to resolve these conflicts, and their effectiveness. Describe its

composition and functioning, resolution on a case-by-case basis. Are there local

mediators; if so, are they approved by the biosphere reserve or by another authority?

By monitoring the condition of the natural values of the environment and human

activities in the "Golija-Studenica"BR, problems have been identified related to illegal building

construction. This not only compromises the natural and cultural values and environmental

quality of the protected areas, but also causes many difficulties regarding utility functions

provision (water supply and sanitation, electricity, waste collection and disposal etc.). The harm

done to nature and autocratic behaviour of the investors undermine the environmental

protection system.

If some illegal action is detected, the "Golija" NP and Biosphere Reserve Rangers notify

thereof their immediate superiors and the competent inspectors: the Republic Forestry Inspector

(forestry and hunting), the Republic Inspector for Environmental Protection, the Republic

Building Inspector (illegal building construction) and the Republic Inspector for Fish Stock

Sustainability (fisheries).

State Enterprise "Srbijašume", the inspection authorities and the courts take measures within

their jurisdiction which, however, have extremely modest and ineffective results. In accordance

with the Law on Planning and Construction, decisions to prohibit further construction or

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extension, as well as decisions to demolish or deconstruct existing buildings were made by the

Republic Building Inspection, most often upon Manager’s report or notification. The decisions

have not been enforced, mainly due to a current practice that hinders the engagement of

enforcement action authorities.

7.5 Updated information about the representation and consultation of local communities

and their participation in the life of the biosphere reserve:

A new management model of the Biosphere Reserve (BR) has been partly determined and

consists of:

MANAGEMENT BODY AND ITS JURISDICTION STATUS/

ESTABLISHED

1. BIOSPHERE RESERVE COUNCIL - the executive decision-making body,

responsible for the planning and management of the proposed Biosphere

Reserve.

+

2. INTERESTED PARTIES’ FORUM “GOLIJA“ – the advisory body of 15

members, represents a wide range of interests of stakeholders from all the five

municipalities; three members from each municipality that complement each

other..

+

3. MUNICIPAL FORUMS – open members group for each of the five

municipalities, consists of all key stakeholders of the Biosphere Reserve

(government agencies, NGOs, local people representatives, private

entrepreneurs etc.).

-

7.5.1 Describe how local people (including women and indigenous people) are represented

in the planning and management of the biosphere reserve (e.g., assembly of

representatives, consultation of associations, women’s groups).

Representing of the local population is reflected through their participation in the work of

Municipal Forums, which are in the establishment process, but also through the already

established Interested Parties’ Forum, as well as the Biosphere Reserve Council (see Sections

1-f and 7.5).

7.5.2 What form does this representation take: companies, associations, environmental

associations, trade unions (list the various groups)?

Based on the newly formed management bodies of the Biosphere Reserve, within the Municipal

Forums there is an open members group for each of the five municipalities consisting of all key

stakeholders, including: government agencies, NGOs, local people representatives, private

entrepreneurs, tourism organizations, hunting associations, nature lovers associations and all

others who have recognized their interest in the Biosphere Reserve.

7.5.3 Indicate whether there are procedures for integrating the representative body of

local communities (e.g., financial, election of representatives, traditional authorities).

Anyone from the municipality may attend and participate in meetings and other gatherings

within the Forum framework of the municipalities Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Novi Pazar, Sjenica and

Raška. Three representatives from each of the Municipality Forums constitute an integral part

of the Interested Parties’ Forum, representing major interests and values for which the

Biosphere Reserve has been established. Key government institutions, civil society

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organizations, as well as local communities (population) and the private sector should be

represented.

Interested Parties’ Forum “Golija“- an advisory body of 15 members, represents a wide

range of stakeholder interest from all the five municipalities. The President is an independent

person appointed by the Council through a public process; he/she should be a respected citizen

from the Golija area, strong-minded, skilled in conflict resolution, with the experience in

achieving consensus and able to conduct meetings.

Each municipal forum should nominate 3 members, who represent the range of interests and

complement each other (no need to duplicate roles). It is crucial that the Forum meetings

precede the Council meetings, so that the decision-makers in the Council are informed about

the Forum’s attitudes by the Chairman of the Forum.

7.5.4 How long-lived is the consultation mechanism (e.g., permanent assembly,

consultation on specific projects)?

See Sections 1-f and 7.5 for detailed explanation.

7.5.5 What is the impact of this consultation on the decision-making process (decisional,

consultative or merely to inform the population)?

Biosphere Reserve Council is an an executive, decision-making body which is responsible for

the planning and management of the Biosphere Reserve. As the Interested Parties’ Forum is of

a consultative character, it is important that its meetings precede the Council meetings, so that

the decision-makers in the Council are informed about the Forum’s attitudes by the Chairman

of the Forum.

7.5.6 At which step in the existence of a biosphere reserve is the population involved:

creation of the biosphere reserve, drawing up of the management plan, implementation of

the plan, day to day management of the biosphere reserve? Give some practical examples.

Currently the local population, as well as all the other interested parties, are involved in

adopting planning documents at public hearings organized by the Manager, where the

Management Plan is submitted for review before its adoption. Also, hiring the locals is given

priority as regards the execution of certain works from the planning documents and information

to all interested parties are available on a daily basis through personal contact with the

Security/Ranger Service in the field.

7.6 Update on management and coordination structure:

7.6.1 Describe any changes regarding administrative authorities that have competence for

each zone of the biosphere reserve (core area(s), buffer zone(s) and transition area(s))? If

there are any changes since the nomination form/last periodic review report, please

submit the original endorsements for each area.

Biosphere Reserve “Golija-Studenica“ is located within Nature Park Golija and covers an area

of 53.804 ha on the territory of the municipalities of Ivanjica and Kraljevo.

On the BR space area there are three Zones identified according to purpose. No changes have

been recorded compared to the previous reporting period:

• Central Area (Core Zone) which fully coincides with the I protection zone of the Nature

Park (496.60 ha), with the same purpose and areas of protection;

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• Protective Area (Buffer Zone) also coincides by surface, purpose and protection regime with

the II protection zone of the Nature Park, covers an area of 3,661.50 ha;

• Transition Area (Transitive Zone) covers 49,645.90 ha and coincides with the III protection

zone of the Nature Park.

This part of the Biosphere Reserve has a great economic and social importance for the

development of the region, due to its role in the sustainable management of natural resources. It

includes rural areas, villages and areas of other purposes. Here the involvement of all

stakeholders is required (local communities, environmentalists, scientists, entrepreneurship,

industry, NGOs etc.) aimed at sustainable area development for the benefit of the local

population.

7.6.2 Update information about the manager(s)/coordinator(s) of the biosphere reserve

including designation procedures.

Performance Evaluation of the Biosphere Reserve Management and based on the planning

documents and their implementation, is made by the Director together with the members of the

Supervisory Board of the Manager i.e. SE "Srbijašume". In the past 10 years, there has been a

change of four Managers of the "Golija" NP and the "Golija-Studenica" BR.

7.6.3 Are there any changes with regard to the coordination structure of the biosphere

reserve? (if yes, describe in details its functioning, composition and the relative

proportion of each group in this structure, its role and competence.). Is this coordination

structure autonomous or is it under the authority of local or central government, or of the

manager of the biosphere reserve?).


7.6.4 How has the management/coordination been adapted to the local situation?


7.6.5 Was the effectiveness of the management/coordination evaluated? If yes, was it

according to a procedure?

There has been no such evaluation so far.

7.7 Update on the management/cooperation plan/policy:

While there is no separate organizational entity for the Biosphere Reserve Golija - Studenica,

the management plan for the biosphere reserve is the same as for the Nature Park Golija. The

current management plan is made for the period 2011 – 2020.

Management plan for Nature Park Golija and Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica is prepared

respecting the set of laws, strategies, programs and plans. The most important are: the Law on

Nature Protection, the Sustainable Development Strategy of the Republic of Serbia, Strategy of

Biodiversity of Serbia, Spatial Plan of the Special Purpose for Nature Park Golija, Forestry

programs, Fisheries program at the fishing area of PP Golija, etc.

The main parts of the plan are:

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The preservation, protection and enhancement of sites of special natural value and

rarities, as well as their designated use for scientific research, education, recreation and

public presentation, in the accordance with the environmental resource;

Biodiversity conservation;

Preservation, protection and enhancement of landscape and environmental values of the

area, including flora, fauna, soil, water, air, forests, pastures and meadows, hunting and

fish fauna, with their designated use of the principles of sustainable development;

Preservation, protection and promotion of cultural and historical heritage of Golija and

protection of vicinity of cultural properties;

An organized, multidisciplinary and long-term scientific research of the park, training of

all categories of population and professions, presentation and advertising of the park

values;

Defining limitations in terms of organization of hunting and fishing area;

Facilitating access to landscape, biological and other values and natural resources for

sustainable use in the tourism, recreation and complementary activities, science,

education, sports, etc…;

Integrating the presentation of natural values in the tourist offer through joint programs,

plans and projects, with the allocation of part of tourism profits for nature protection;

Strengthening cooperation with local authorities, local communities, tourist

organizations, NGOs, other businesses, etc.

7.7.1 Are there any changes with regard to the management/cooperation plan/policy and

the stakeholders involved? If yes, provide detailed information on process for

involvement of stakeholders, adoption and revision of the plan.

Except for the local population that owns agricultural land and forests, there are also other users

and owners of real estate (SE "Srbijašume", playing a double role - on the one side as the user

of forests and forest lands, and on the other as the entity entrusted with the management of the

"Golija" NP, JP "Elektroprivreda Srbije" (EPS), the state-owned electric utility power company,

JVP "Srbijavode" – the public water management company etc.) with whom the Manager plans

how to implement and expand cooperation aimed at the protection and development of the

"Golija-Studenica" BR. In the previous period no review of the planning documents has been

made.

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7.7.2 Describe contents of the management/cooperation plan (provide some examples of

measures and guidelines). Is the plan binding? Is it based on consensus?

Management/

cooperation plan Descriptions Main guidelines

Golija Nature Park

Development and

Protection Programme

(2008-2012)

Its five-year implementation was

part of an ongoing operating

process of protection and

development management.

It defined the basic directions of

organization and coordination

related to the development and

protection of the „“Golija“ NP

and the "Golija-Studenica" BR.

Improvement in the work of the

Security/Ranger Sevice of the “Golija“

NP;

Development of the volunteer

monitoring service in all segments where

it is legally and organizationally

achievable.

Establishment of an efficient

control and sanctions system against

illegal activities threatening the area

protection regimes, along with

intensified informative- educational

activity.

Golija Nature Park

Management Plan

(2011-2020)

The current concept of the

Biosphere Reserve protection is

executed according to the 10-year

Management Plan.

Preservation and improvement of

the overall natural values and resources;

Preservation of landscape and

environmental values;

Preservation of cultural-historical

heritage and protection of the

environment of immovable cultural

property;

Development of coordinated

economic activities, along with nature

protection and a need to meet three basic

complementary functions of the

Biosphere Reserve.

7.7.3 Describe the role of the authorities in charge of the implementation of the plan.

Describe institutional changes since the nomination form/last periodic review report.

Please provide evidence of the role of these authorities.

The control of all the entrusted tasks at the "Golija" NP and the Biosphere Reserve is done by

the competent state institutions - the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection,

through their Forestry & Hunting/Environmental Protection Inspectors. In the previous period,

the competence in the field of environmental protection was under the Ministry of Environment

and Spatial Planning (2008-2012), the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning

and the Ministry of Energy, Development and Environmental Protection (2012-2014). Now the

competence goes to the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection (2014-present).

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Forestry has been within the Ministry of Agriculture, the Directorate of Forests for a longer

period now.

7.7.4 Indicate how the management plan addresses the objectives of the biosphere reserve.

Protection of the Golija – Studenica Biosphere Reserve in the core area prohibit use of natural

resources and construction of facilities, and all other activities but those of research and

controlled education. It is classified as an area of the first degree protection regime (Law on

Nature Protection, "Official Gazette of RS", no. 36/2009, 88/2010 and 91/2010 – corr.). There

are 16 core zones in the Biosphere Reserve.

A Biosphere Reserve must fulfill three complementary functions: conservation function

(to conserve landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic diversity); development function (to

foster economic and social development which is socio-culturally and ecologically sustainable)

and logistic function (to support scientific research, monitoring, education and information

exchange related to issues of nature and environmental protection and development on the

local, national and global levels).

Conservation measures in the buffer zone of the proposed Golija – Studenica Biosphere

Reserve, consist of limited or strictly controlled use of the nature resources. The buffer zone is

classified as an area of the second degree protection regime (Law on Nature Protection,

"Official Gazette of RS", no. 36/2009, 88/2010 and 91/2010 – corr.). According to the

mentioned Law “the second degree protection regime can include management interventions in

order to restore, revitalize and generally improve protected area, without consequences to

primary values of their natural habitats, populations, ecosystems, landscape characteristics and

geo heritage objects, and can include traditional activities and restricted use of natural resources

in sustainable and strictly controlled manner”. There are 18 buffer zones in the Biosphere

Reserve.

The transition area is classified as an area of the third protection degree by the same law. “The

third degree protection regime can include management interventions in order to restore,

revitalize and generally improve protected area, rural development and improvement of rural

households, regulation of cultural-historic objects and one of traditional civil engineering,

conservation of traditional activities among local residents, selective and restricted use of

natural resources and areas with necessary infrastructural and other construction”.

In the basic planning document, i.e. Management Plan of the "Golija" NP and the “Studenica-

Golija“ BR, among others, the following objectives are described:

conservation

function

• preserves the protected natural area and implements established protection

regimes, i.e. prescribed prohibitions and rules of internal order;

• develops and implements programmes and projects to protect and improve

the condition of wild plant and animal species, their communities and habitats,

sustainable use of natural resources, scientific research and education, tourism

development, planning, rehabilitation and re-cultivation of the landscape,

conservation and presentation of cultural values;

• records and organizes the monitoring of natural resources and their changes;

• preserves, initiates and adopts programmes to improve fisheries, according to

the Law in the Golija area;

• protects and preserves biodiversity and improves the functions of forest

ecosystems;

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• improves forest conditions and forest infrastructure;

• applies forest protective measures against various threatening factors,

especially fires.

development

function

• conserves areas and agricultural land fertility; harmonizes agricultural land

use with prescribed protection regimes; provides support to the survival of

family farms in the Biosphere Reserve area;

• develops a partner relationship with the local authorities;

• develops tourism as the leading industry branch in the "Golija" NP area,

which will contribute to sustainable development of the protected areas;

• develops tourism in the function of protection, revitalization and presentation

of natural and cultural values in the "Golija" NP;

• develops winter and summer types of tourism, eco-tourism and agro-tourism;

• establishes demographic vitality and mitigates depopulation trends in the

"Golija" NP area;

• improves the educational and economic structure of the population through

the revival of economic activity;

• increases the quality of life of local residents;

• supports the construction of necessary infrastructure for a quality life in the

"Golija" NP area, its sustainable use and development.

logistic

function

• supports equipping and organizing of institutions for the needs of forest

monitoring and research;

• provides conditions and opportunities for forestry use and development in the

framework of scientific research, educational and other activities.

7.7.5 What are the progresses with regard to the guidelines of the

management/cooperation plan/policy?

In the previous period the Manager implemented a medium-term Protection and Development

Programme (2008-2012) for the "Golija" Nature Park and, in accordance with the Law on

Nature Protection, adopted a Protected Area management plan for the period 2011-2020

(consent given by the Ministry of Environment), which defines the way how to implement

protection, use and management of the protected area and provides guidelines and priorities for

the protection and conservation of natural values of the protected area.

In addition to preparing and implementing the planning documents, the Manager has done the

following: designed a logo of the "Golija" NP and the "Golija-Studenica" BR; built a visitor

centre at Bele Vode; marked and arranged the protected area; implemented projects related to

monitoring of natural values of protected areas; implemented programmes and principles of

sustainable use of natural resources; implemented programmes of cooperation with the local

population on the sustainable use of the "Golija" NP and the development of ecotourism etc.

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The "Golija"NP Manager has sought to establish cooperation with the local people, local self-

government and other area users, so that the locals would recognize the natural values of the

area they live in and understand the importance of nature protection and accept the concept of

protection and sustainable development of the "Golija" NP and the "Golija-Studenica" BR.

7.7.6 Were there any factors and/or changes that impeded or helped with the

implementation of the management/coordination plan/policy? (Reluctance of local people,

conflicts between Given that the management of the "Golija-Studenica" BR has not

included local self-government and the local population yet, the Manager complies with

the requirements of the local community and, as much as it is possible, provides

assistance during the preparation of planning documents, when good suggestions that

comply with the Law, made by the local community are also accepted.

The Law also prescribes all the planning documents to be submitted to the public for

inspection, followed by a public hearing attended by all stakeholders, which then is followed by

the adoption of the Ministry.

The process of local community involvement in the direct management of the Biosphere

Reserve is nearing completion. In the next Review Report a considerable progress in this field

can be expected.

7.7.7 If applicable, how is the biosphere integrated in regional/national strategies? Vice

versa, how are the local/municipal plans integrated in the planning of the biosphere

reserve?

(Please provide detailed information if there are any changes since the nomination form/last periodic review

report).

At the national level the "Golija Studenica" Biosphere Reserve is covered with several

important planning documents.

When it comes to spatial organization and planning at the regional level, the Reserve is covered

by the Regional Plan for the Republic of Serbia. Also, there is the Spatial Plan of Special

Purpose for "Golija" Nature Park, a long-term planning document which elaborates the Spatial

Plan of the Republic of Serbia, establishes planning solutions, guidelines and rules for using,

organizing, planning and environment protection, as well as the rules for construction by year

2025, with a mid-term implementation stage by year 2015 and the first implementation phase

by year 2009.

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Starting from the legislation and the adopted documents relating to the "Golija" NP, as well as

taking into account the specificities and knowledge of the study area, there is the Spatial Plan of

Special Purpose for the "Golija" NP area, within which the objectives and criteria of protection

and development of the NP and BR area are defined.

The planning of forests and forest land is defined by the Law on Forests, where space is divided

into forest areas, and for each of these forest areas there is an obligation of preparing a Special

Forest Management Plan for a period of 10 years, adopted by the Ministry of Agriculture and

Environmental Protection.

Within the forest areas, locally, there are Management Units which are smaller organizational

units and for which there is an obligation of preparing a Forest Management Plan which is a 10-

year planning document anticipating all the works on forest conservation, protection and

enhancement, where the "Golija-Studenica" BR is also included. The control of planning

documents implementation is carried out by the Forestry/Environmental Protection Inspection

within the Ministry of Agriculture and Environmental Protection.

At the local level there is also a Master Plan for Tourism Development on Golija, with a

business plan made at the request of the Ministry of Economy and Regional Development of

the Republic of Serbia in December 2007, by Horwath and Horwath Consulting Zagreb Ltd. At

the initiative of the Manager of the "Golija" NP and the "Golija-Studenica" BR, a business plan

was made on tourism development in the "Golija" NP, signed between WM Equity Partners

Ltd. Belgrade and SE "Srbijašume" Belgrade, within the project "Improvement of Protected

Area Funding and Tourist Facilities“ with SE "Srbijašume" Belgrade as the Manager.

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8. CRITERIA AND PROGRESS MADE: [Conclude by highlighting the major changes, achievements, and progress made in your biosphere reserve since

nomination or the last periodic review. How does your biosphere reserve fulfill the criteria. Develop justification

for the site to be a biosphere reserve and rationale for the zonation. What is lacking, and how could it be

improved? What can your biosphere reserve share with others on how to implement sustainable development into

practice?]

Brief justification of the way in which the biosphere reserve fulfills each criteria of article 4 of

the Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves:

1. "Encompass a mosaic of ecological systems representative of major biogeographic

region(s), including a gradation of human interventions". (The term "major biogeographic region" is not strictly defined but it would be useful to refer to the

Udvardy classification system (http://www.unep-wcmc.org/udvardys-biogeographical-provinces-

1975_745.html)).

Its beauty and diversity of landscapes, as well as preservation of native natural and cultural

values, makes Golija one of the most attractive mountains in Serbia. Geology, varied surface

configuration and numerous geomorphologic features in coactions with climatic factors, created

different ecological systems, and thereby high biodiversity. The considerable wealth of water

and large amounts of rainfall has enabled the survival of diverse wildlife. Golija has the biggest

and the best forest complexes in Serbia. Meadows and pastures cover south sides of the

mountain and piedmont. As specific and sensitive ecosystem, the peats are preserved in the

spruce belt.

The natural environment of the Golija – Studenica area has been persisted to the present time,

in spite of human activities. Local population cleared forests through centuries, transforming

woodland into large pastures, meadows, and some fields. The development of secondary

pastures and meadows involved natural growth of many plant species that enriched the

vegetation of the region. Local inhabitants have been using stones in same way for centuries. In

spite of human influence, this area has preserved its original plant communities.

2. “Be of Significance for biological diversity conservation”.

Floristic biodiversity of Golija consist about 900 taxa, of which 729 species of vascular

plants, 40 species of moss, 117 species and varieties of algae.

Of 729 species of vascular plats, 24 species are Pteridophyta, 5 are Coniferophytina and

700 are Magnoliophytina. Twenty percent of all Serbian plant species are growing on

Golija.

Golija is one of the most important centres of relict plant species in Serbia, and represent,

along with Tara Mountain, important Tertiary relicts centre in the western part of Serbia.

Endemic and relict specie Acer heldreichii, with its forest communities, in botanical terms

is the symbol of the mountain of Golija.

The areas of preserved deciduous and coniferous deciduous primeval types of forests, as

well as coniferous forest, especially subalpian spruce, are botanically very significant.

There are 51 floral elements.

130 bird species, 22 mammal species, 19 amphibians and reptiles.

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There are many natural rarities of Serbia, species of international importance, species from

European Red Lists.

Golija is recognized as part of Emerald network and Serbian ecological network, IBA, IPA,

PBA, ProGEO.

3. “Provide an opportunity to explore and demonstrate approaches to sustainable

development on a regional scale”. (Including examples or learning experiences from putting sustainable development into practice).

Golija – Studenica region is approachable from major towns of Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Raška, Novi

Pazar, and Sjenica. Good communication of the Biosphere Reserve with the nearest towns and

roads facilitates the planned development of this underdeveloped region.

Biosphere Reserve Golija - Studenica cooperate with the local municipalities and all relevant

tourist organizations, business entities and other local population.

Many nongovernmental organizations are interested in protection of natural environment and in

implementation of the sustainable development principles. These organizations have been

carrying their programs and thus greatly contributed to the functions of the biosphere reserve.

Potentials of the regions are production of healthy food, small-scale industry and tourism.

4. “Have an appropriate size to serve the three functions of biosphere reserves”.

The biosphere reserve covers an area of 53,804 ha, which provides ample space for the three

functions. Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica is one of the few mountainous regions of

preserved nature. Moreover, it is a complex mosaic of different ecological systems (lake,

aquatic, meadow, shrub, forest) forming a unified entity of closely related habitats,

communities, populations, entire ecological systems, and numerous transitional types.

Ecological significance of the protected nature is related to conservation of different plant and

animal habitats and their communities. Undisturbed biological equilibrium is important for

preservation of biocoenoses (and associated fauna) and their authenticity and representation.

Scientific research in this region of preserved essential characteristcs promises answers to many

questions concerning both the past and the future.

Natural characteristics of Golija – Studenica are the basis for environmental education and

training. Nature is a rich source of human knowledge and as such, it is extremely important for

teaching, because direct acquaintance with natural environment is one of principal modern

human necessities.

In relation to the present resources of the protected Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica and

its characteristics, the tendency of uneconomical utilization of natural resources and the

increasing disturbance of the natural balance, it is very important to protect adequately the

genuine, autochthonous resources of the region, to improve its functions, and to prevent further

operation of detrimental factors. To this effect, certain natural processes must be identified and

encouraged, and their forcible modification prevented.

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5. Appropriate zonation to serve the three functions

Biosphere Reserve Golija - Studenica is located within Nature Park Golija. It covers an area of

53.804 ha on the territory of the municipalities Ivanjica and Kraljevo, which is 73 % of the total

area of the Nature Park. The zonation of the Biosphere Reserve and Nature Park are the same.

The core area is entirely consistent with the first zone of the protection of Nature Park Golija,

with the same purpose and limitations. The core area consists of 16 localities, of total area of

496.60 ha, which is 0.93 % of the total area of Biosphere Reserve. These sites are the most

valuable and any activities but those of research and controlled education are prohibited.

The buffer zone is also matched by the surface, the purpose and the protection regime with the

second protection regime of the Nature Park. It has an area of 3661.50 ha, which is 6.81 % of

the total area of Biosphere Reserve. There are 18 localities within the buffer zone. They

surround or contiguous the core areas. Only limited and controlled use of nature resources, and

activities that contribute to the improvement in the given state and presentation of the resource

are allowed.

The transition area is the same as Golija Nature Park regime of the third degree protection. It

has a surface of 49,645.90 ha, i.e. 92.26 % of the total area. This regime of protection allows

selective and limited use of natural resources and controlled intervention and activities, which

are compatible with the conservation objectives or are related to the inherited traditional

economic and habitation practices including tourism.

6. “Organizational arrangements should be provided for the involvement and

participation of a suitable range of inter alia public authorities, local communities and

private interests in the design and the carrying out of the functions of a biosphere

reserve”.

Biosphere Reserve cooperates with local governments, tourist and non-governmental

organizations, the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, the Republic Institute for

Protection of Cultural Monuments, the other state authorities and scientific institutions.

Cooperation with NGOs is satisfactory. Non-governmental organizations, such as IDA, Zeleni

putokazi, Centar za razvoj i promociju Rudno, Udruzenje Rudnjaskih domacina, through their

projects and promotion of the natural beauty, culture and villages of Golija initiate a series of

activities and services within biosphere reserves, as well as the whole nature park.

The future potential for strengthening community involvement appears to be strong, and needs

some catalyst to develop it.

7. Mechanisms for implementation:

a) Mechanisms to manage human use and activities

b) Management policy or plan

c) Authority or mechanism to implement this policy or plan

d) Programmes for research, monitoring, education and training

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Management of human use and activities in the area of the biosphere reserve is defined by the

Management plan of Nature Park Golija. Law on Nature Conservation and the Decree on

protection of Nature Park Golija, as well as by other laws and bylaws concerning that matter,

also define these activities.

Management plan of Nature Park Golija defines the main directions and coordination of

development and protection.

The designated authority to implement the management plan is PE “Srbijašume” under

jurisdiction of the Ministry of Environment, Mining and Spatial Planning of the Republic of

Serbia.

Research, monitoring, education and training are being conducted by the managers of the

biosphere reserve, variety of organizations and qualified individuals. The management has been

taking care that all of these are consistent with the functions of a biosphere reserve.

8. Does the biosphere reserve have cooperative activities with other biosphere reserves

(exchanges of information and staff, joint programmes, etc.)?

At the national level:

Golija – Studenica is the only biosphere reserve in Serbia.

At the regional level:

Not applicable so far.

Through twinning and/or transboundary biosphere reserves:

Not applicable so far

Within the World Network (including Regional Networks):

A revitalized National MAB and Climate Change Sub-Committee would have a major role to

play to help bridge gaps between international research and other programs and individual

biosphere reserves.

Obstacles encountered, measures to be taken and, if appropriate, assistance expected

from the Secretariat:

Assistance related policy support, natural resource management, biodiversity, strengthening of

nature management, (possible) local value chains, applied research, capacity and institution

building, governance, infrastructure building, will be helpful.

The management and governance challenges related to Golija (nature value) and Studenica

(cultural value) are something that relevant applied research is needed in order to provide

improvement suggestions (policy, management).

It is very important to the management of biosphere reserve, that the local communities

recognize the value of natural areas in which they live, to understand the importance of nature,

to accept the concept of sustainable development and protected areas, which are widely spread

in other countries, and that is a benefit of living and working in a protected natural area that has

the status of Biosphere Reserve.

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9. Main objectives of the Biosphere Reserve:

Describe the main objectives of the biosphere reserve integrating the three functions and the

sustainable development objectives for the coming years.

- The preservation, protection and enhancement of sites of special natural value and rarities, as

well as their designated use for scientific research, education, recreation and public

presentation, in the accordance with the environmental resource;

- Biodiversity conservation;

- Preservation, protection and enhancement of landscape and environmental values of the

area, including flora, fauna, soil, water, air, forests, pastures and meadows, hunting and fish

fauna, with their designated use of the principles of sustainable development;

- Preservation, protection and promotion of cultural and historical heritage of Golija and

protection of vicinity of cultural properties;

- An organized, multidisciplinary and long-term scientific research of the park, training of all

categories of population and professions, presentation and advertising of the park values;

- Defining limitations in terms of organization of hunting and fishing area;

- Facilitating access to landscape, biological and other values and natural resources for

sustainable use in the tourism, recreation and complementary activities, science, education,

sports, etc…;

- Integrating the presentation of natural values in the tourist offer through joint programs,

plans and projects, with the allocation of part of tourism profits for nature protection;

- Strengthening cooperation with local authorities, local communities, tourist organizations,

NGOs, other businesses, etc.

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9. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS [List of the annexes submitted with periodic review report.]

(1) Updated location and zonation map with coordinates [Provide the biosphere reserve’s standard geographical coordinates (all projected under WGS 84). Provide a map

on a topographic layer of the precise location and delimitation of the three zones of the biosphere reserve (Map(s)

shall be provided in both paper and electronic copies). Shapefiles (also in WGS 84 projection system) used to

produce the map must also be attached to the electronic copy of the form. If applicable, also provide a link to

access this map on the internet (e.g. Google map, website…).]

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(2) Updated vegetation map or land cover map [A vegetation map or land cover map showing the principal habitats and land cover types of the biosphere

reserve should be provided, if available.]

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(3) Updated list of legal documents (if possible with English, French or Spanish synthesis of

its contents and a translation of its most relevant provisions) [If applicable update the principal legal documents since the nomination of the biosphere reserve and provide a

copy of these documents.]

Decree on Protection of Nature Park Golija

Published in “Official Gazette of RS”, nr. 45/2001, from

20.07.2001.

Article 1

The area of Golija and Radočelo mountains shall hereby be placed under the protection as the Nature

Park to be named “Golija”, and classified as the first protection category as the protected area of exceptional

significance (hereinafter referred to as the “Nature Park Golija”.

Article 2

The Nature Park Golija shall be placed under protection for the purpose of preserving values and

improving the condition of: forests, represented by considerable area, quality, variety and other significant

aspects of forest ecosystems; remarkable area characteristics of extraordinary beauty, variety and vitality

landscapes; cultural assets and their surroundings including the Studenica Monastery, which has been

recorded in the list of the World Cultural Heritage, and the Gradac Monastery being of exceptional national

significance, as well as other numerous examples of cultural and historical value; continuity and quality of the

basic natural resources (water, soil and plant cover) including the area being the development planning

resource; biological diversity based on a large number of plants and animals and their communities, as well as

the presence of rare, endemic and relict species; geo-heritage, represented by unusual and attractive land

configuration and numerous water resources and phenomenon as the mountain streams and peat bog lakes.

Article 3

Nature Park Golija covers the parts of the municipalities of Ivanjica, Kraljevo, Raška, Novi Pazar and

Sjenica, of the total area of 75,183.00 ha, thereof 27,306.00 ha of state-owned, and 47,877.00 ha of private

property:in the municipality of Ivanjica 41,306.00 ha, there of 17,086.00 ha state-owned, and 24,669.00 ha of

private property, in the cadastral municipalities of Brusnik, Vionica, Vrmbaje, Vučak, Gleđica, Gradac,

Dajići, Dobri Do, Koritnik, Kumanica and Čečina, Bratljevo, Medovina and Smiljevac; in the municipality of

Kraljevo 12,049.00 ha, thereof 2,845.00 ha of state-owned, and 9,204.00 ha of private property, in the

cadastral municipalities of Brezova, Bzovik, Vrh, Dolac, Draževići, Mitići, Ušće, Reka, Rusno, Zasad, Orlja

Glava and Savovo; in the municipality of Raška 12,623 ha, thereof 4,616.00 ha of state-owned, and 8,007.00

ha of private property in the cadastral municipalities of Binići, Boroviće, Gradac, Kruševica and Plešin; in the

municipality of Novi Pazar 5,891.00 ha, there of 1,768.00 ha of state-owned, and 4,123.00 ha of private

property, in the cadastral municipalities of Dramiće, Kuzmičevo, Muhovo, Rast and Radaljica; and in the

municipality of Sjenica 2,865.00 ha, thereof 991.00 ha of state-owned, and 1,874.00 ha of private property in

the cadastral municipality Šare.

The desciption of the Nature Park Golija, including the graphic outlines, has been printed together with

this Decree, and shall make its integral part.

Article 4

In the Nature Park Golija the first protection regime shall be applied to the area of 553.80 ha, the second

protection regime to the area of 3,883.10 ha, and the third protection regime to the area of 70,746.10 ha.

The first protection regime shall apply to the following localities:

1) "Ispod Jankovog Kamena", of area 60.80 ha and covering sections of a, b and Rz in department 15 and

16 of Management unit „Golija“ (M.U. „Golija);

2) "Pašina česma", of area 0.20 ha and covering department 52, M.U. „Golija“;

3) "Karalići", of area 34.00 ha and covering department 20, M.U. „Golija“;

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4) "Vodica", of area 63.60 ha and covering department 32, M.U. „Golija“;

5) "Tresava na Belim Vodama", of area 15.20 ha and covering department 41, M.U. "Dajićke planine“;

6) "Dajićko jezero", of area 1.00 ha and covering sections 2 and 3 in department 16, M.U. "Dajićke

planine“;

7) "Palež", of area 38.00 ha and covering department 23, M.U. "Dajićke planine“;

8) "Isposnice", of area 20.50 ha and covering sections r of 50 and 51 department M.U. "Gornja

Studenica“;

9) "Košaninova jezera", of area 26.80 ha and covering department 3 of M.U. "Crepuljnik";

10) "Crepuljnik", of area 65.80 ha and covering departments 19. and 20. of M.U. "Crepuljnik";

11) "Radočelo", of area 44.00 ha and covering department 42 of M.U. „Radočelo – Crepuljnik“;

12) "Izubra", of area 66.10 ha and covering department 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 9 of M.U. „Brusničke šume“;

13) "Plakaonica", of area 24.80 ha and covering sections b, c, e and f of the department 6 of M.U. „Biser

voda - Crni vrh – Radulovac“;

14) "Ravnine", of area 32.40 ha and covering department 28 of M.U. „Biser voda – Vranji krš – Lisa-

Borje“;

15) "Iznad Ljutih livada", of area 27.60 ha and covering department 34 of M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh –

Radulovac“;

16) "Crna reka", of area 28.80 ha and covering departments 59 and 60 of M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh –

Radulovac“;

17) "Radulovac", of area 4.00 ha and covering plain 5 of department 51, M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh –

Radulovac“;

18) "Izvorište Crne reke", of area 0.20 ha.

The second protection regime shall apply to the following localities:

1) "Jankov kamen", of area 390.20 hа and covering departments 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 17, 18, 45 and 46,

M.U. „Golija“;

2) "Bojovo brdo", of area 133.95 hа and covering departments 47, 48 and 52, M.U. „Golija“;

3) "Jelića strugara", of area 12.00 hа and covering section а, department 53, M.U. „Golija“;

4) "Golijska reka", of area 851.00 hа and covering departments 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30,

31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72 and 73, M.U. „Golija“;

5) "Međugorski potok", of area 390.20 hа and covering departments 1, 2, 3, 4, 57, 58, 59 and 60, M.U.

„Dajićke planine“;

6) "Bele Vode", of area 84.40 hа and covering departments 41 and 42, M.U. „Dajićke planine“;

7) "Dajići", of area 55.80 hа and covering section b in department 6, 16 and 17, M.U. „Dajićke planine“;

8) "Jelenovica", of area 125.20 hа and covering departments 22, 23 and 24, M.U. „Dajićke planine“;

9) "Orlov kamen", of area 132.35 hа and covering departments 10, 11 and 12, M.U. „Dajićke planine“;

10) "Gradina", of area 226.70 hа and covering departments 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51 and 52, M.U. "Gornja

Studenica";

11) "Pod crepuljnikom", of area 362.10 hа and covering departments 2б, 3а, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 21,

25 and 26, M.U. „Crepuljnik“;

12) "Radočelo II ", of area 82.40 hа and covering departments 41 and 43, M.U. "Radočelo -Crepuljnik";

13) "Brusničke šume", of area 194.60 hа and covering departments 2, 4, 7, 8 and 9, M.U. "Brusničke

šume";

14) "Plakaonica II ", of area 86.80 hа and covering sections a and b, departments 6 and 7, M.U. „Biser

voda – Crni Vrh – Radulovac“;

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15) "Retko Bučje", of area 134.80 hа and covering departments 26, 27, 30 and 31, M.U. "Biser voda –

Vranji krš – Lisja-Borje";

16) "Ugljare", of area 52.80 hа and covering departments 7 and 8, M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh –

Radulovac“;

17) "Ljute livade", of area 282.00 hа and covering departments 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33 and 39,

M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh – Radulovac“;

18) "Vlaški most", of area 231.20 hа and covering departments 44, 45, 47, 57, 58, 59 and section b of

department 60, M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh – Radulovac“;

19) "Suvi breg", of area 25.60 hа and covering part of department 51, M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh –

Radulovac“;

20) "Odvraćenica", of area 29.00 hа and covering part of department 51, M.U. „Biser voda – Crni Vrh –

Radulovac“.

To the remaining area of the protected area the third protection regime shall apply.

Article 5

In Nature Park Golija, in the first protection regime, it shall be prohibited to exploit natural resources, as

well as any other forms of using the area and activities other than scientific research, controlled education and

the use of the existing official and public roads.

In the area of the first protection regime, it shall be prohibited to:

1) construct industrial, infrastructural, hydro-technical and other facilities which by their operation

and existence might cause unfavourable changes to the quality of soil, water, air, life, beauty of the landscape,

cultural values and their surroundings;

2) build housing facilities, accessory farming household facilities and summer houses in the areas

other than construction areas provided by special development planning documents, i.e. construction of

farming household facilities outside the existing construction lots before such documents have been issued;

3) exploit mineral raw materials, excluding the use of temporary stone – pits and supplies of earth

and river materials;

4) decompose or demolish in other manner the facilities which by their architectural and

construction characteristics, the period of origin and purpose represent the monuments of national

engineering;

5) destroy plants and animals of species protected as natural rarities;

6) plough the ground, clear the forests and undertake other actions on the locations and in manner

which might cause strong and excessive water erosion and unfavourable changes to the landscape;

7) store, dispose of and throw away refuse and waste at place other than those provided for such

purposes, as well as to pile manure in unregulated manner;

8) use toxic chemical materials and oil products in a manner that might lead to the pollution of soil

and water.

In the area of the second protection regime, in addition to the prohibited acts applied to the area of the

third protection regime, it shall be prohibited to:

1) exploit mineral raw materials including temporary mines;

2) cap springs and construct dams;

3) fishing;

4) hunting, except for the purpose of maintaining the health condition and amount of game in the

area of Bojovo Brdo;

5) sheer cutting and clearing of forests, trimming of hard-woods, and unplanned use of timber in

view of objectives and principles of forest management;

108



6) to plant, sow and cause colonisation of plants and animals of species unfamiliar for the life in the

area, in addition to those already existing;

7) mow the meadows and pastures;

8) cut new public roads.

The following shall be provided in Nature Park Golija: protection and monitoring of plant and animal

species, their population and locations; forest management measures for the purpose of ensuring the improved

condition and increased area of forest ecosystem, preserving the representative forest species and the flora and

fauna variety; reintroduction and re-colonisation of native species and other activities for the purpose of

preserving and improving the condition of population among affected flora and fauna species; mowing of

meadows and pasture areas; controlled collection of plant and animal species; controlled grazing on pasture

areas and regulation of cattle watering spots; use of farming and cattle-breeding land in customary and

traditional manner; organisation and use of area to comply with the applicable protection measures in the

manner which provides preservation of natural values and cultural monuments; organisation, construction and

infrastructural support in the areas intended for tourist and recreational purposes; reconstruction and

maintenance of field, forest and other roads and facilities belonging to the traditional engineering;

improvements in villages and village centres; introduction of monitoring activities; scientific research and

educational activities, and presentation of natural and cultural values of the Nature Park Golija.

Article 6

Protection and development of Nature Park Golija shall be implemented in accordance with the

Protection and Development Programme (hereinafter referred to as the “Programme”).

The Programme shall include: objectives and priority tasks and activities in the implementation of

respective protection measures referred to in Article 5 thereof, particularly the tasks related to: protection of

forests according to the requirements of management provided by respective protection regime; protection of

rare plants and their communities; protection of fauna; introduction of monitoring activities; activities in the

field of scientific research, culture, education and tourism; establishing and developing the cooperation with

local population and other users of natural values; presentation of the region and supply of the equipment

required to carry out the above activities and tasks, funding necessary to implement the Programme, as well as

the manner in which it should be provided.

The Programme shall be adopted for the period of five years, and it shall be implemented through annual

programmes including the tasks and activities to be carried out in the current year, schedule of their

implementation, and the amount of adequate funding.

The Programme, for which the prior approvals have been obtained from the Ministries in charge of

agriculture, forestry, waterpower engineering, development planning, science and culture, shall be approved

by the Ministry in charge for the activities in the field of environmental protection.

Article 7

The Nature Park Golija shall be placed under the care of the Public Enterprise “Srbijašume” (hereinafter

referred to as the „Enterprise”).

Article 8

In its activities dedicated to the protection and development of the Nature Park Golija, the Enterprise

shall provide for the implementation of the Programme, specified protection measures and preservation of

natural values, scientific research, cultural, educational, promotional/advertising and other activities, whereas

it shall adopt its general programme and the annual programmes of protection and development.

The Enterprise shall present report on the implementation results of the Programme referred to in Article

5 thereof latest by December 15 for the current year to the Ministry in charge for environmental protection.

Article 9

In its activities dedicated to the protection and development of the Nature Park Golija, the Enterprise

shall provide the marking of the protected area, internal order and ranger service, in the accordance to the act

passed with the consent of the Ministry in charge for environmental protection.

109



The act referred to in the preceding paragraph shall provide for the rules in implementation of the

protection measures and development, in particular: the manner and conditions of visitors’ movements and

stay, use of recreational and other public areas, posting of information and other signs, protection procedures

in carrying out scientific research and research work, requirements for engaging in unrestricted activities, and

special procedures and restrictions in implementation of protection measures.

The Enterprise undertakes to have the rules provided by the by-law referred to in the first paragraph

thereof and other information relevant for implementation of the protection measures published in public in

appropriate manner to make them available to users and visitors.

Article 10

The funds for protection and development of Nature Park Golija shall be provided from the revenues

generated by the operations of the Enterprise, from the budgeted resources of the Republic, and from other

resources pursuant to the law.

Article 11

The Programme referred to in Article 6 thereof shall be adopted within six months after the date this

Decree came into effect, whereas the annual programme shall be adopted within 90 days after the date the

Programme came into effect.

Until the Programme has been adopted the Enterprise may carry out the protection activities according to

its temporary protection and development programme to be adopted within 60 days after the date this Decree

came into effect.

Article 12

The plans and programmes of improving the area, forest, hunting, waterpower engineering, agricultural

and other aspects, and the programmes covering the protected area shall be adjusted to the Spatial Plan of the

Republic of Serbia, The Programme and the protection regimes provided by this Decree.

For the area of the Nature Park of Golija the appropriate spatial plan shall be developed pursuant to the

law.

Article 13

This Decree shall become effective on the eight day after it was published in the “Official Gazette of the

Republic of Serbia”.

05 No. 353-6800/2001

Dated in Belgrade on July 10, 2001

Government of the Republic of Serbia

Vicepresident

Prof. Žarko Korać, Ph.D., sgd.

110



DESCRIPTION OF BOUNDARIES OF THE NATURE PARK GOLIJA

The protected area boundary starts from the junction point of the cadastral municipalities of Tadenje

(Kraljevo), Zarevo (Raška) and Kruševica (Raška). From this point the boundary proceeds to the south along

the outer line of the following cadastral municipalities also including these municipalities: Gradac, Boroviće,

Plešin (municipality of Raška), Dramiće, Kuzmičevo, Ras, Radalica, Muhovo (municipality of Novi Pazar),

Šare (municipality of Sjenica), to follow the outer line of the cadastral municipality of Medovine (municipality

of Ivanjica) up the local cross-road (725 meters to the south-west from the trigonometer Kunjež at 1,469

meters above sea level). From this point the protected area boundary proceeds further to the north along the

east line of the local road to cross the cadastral municipality of Medovine up to the line toward the cadastral

municipality of Erčage. The boundary proceeds along the east line of the road to the north up to the hill Klik

(trigonometer 1,284). Then the boundary proceeds further to the north crossing along the cadastral

municipalities of Erčage, following the east line of the mentioned road, up to the Todorova kosa to proceed

along the watershed and reach the trigonometer 1,329 and peak elevation 1,371. From this point it follows the

watershed up to Karađorđević šanac (trigonometer 1,389), Crni kamen (peak elevation 1,199), across Jeremin

krš (trigonometer 988) along the watershed up to the beginning of macadam road 275 meters to the south-west

of the Kovilje Monastery. It proceeds along the west line of the macadam road to the north-east until it

reaches the cadastral municipality of Gleđice (by the trigonometer 1,154) to include this cadastral

municipality along its west line and reach the cadastral municipality of Bratljevo (Bojovsko brdo –

trigonometer 1,113), crossing this cadastral municipality by the following the east outer line of the local road

up to the peak elevation 1,085, turning to the north-east up to the trigonometer 1,157 to reach the junction

point between the cadastral municipalities of Bratljevo, Kosovica and Kumanica. The protected area boundary

proceeds along the outer lines of the following cadastral municipalities including them along the way:

Kumanica, Dobri Do, Vrmbaje (Ivanjica), Miliće (Kraljevo) along the course of the river Studenica up to the

mouth of the Grajićka reka. Then it crosses through the cadastral municipality of Orlja Glava following the

watershed to the north-east up to Ošlje brdo (trigonometer 728) and onward along the watershed up to peak

elevation 855, by contour 850 meters above sea-level up to Bažalskih krševa, to reach Babin Grob and turn

north to the direction of Bažalske strane, and then further to Gradina (trigonometer 1,152) and the cadastral

municipality of Savovo cutting through it along the watershed and across Bele Stene and Savin Dub up to the

mouth of Savašnica, and proceeds further following the mainstream of Studenica to reach the protected

surrounding of the Studenica Monastery including it entirely, and follows the east line of the cadastral

municipalities of Dolac, Vrh, Reka, Dražiniće (Kraljevo) and Kruševica (Raška) to reach its starting point.

111



Decree on Amendment of

Decree on Protection of Nature Park Golija Published in “Official Gazette of RS”, nr. 47/2009, from

26.06.2009.

Article 1

The Decree on Protection of Nature Park Golija ("Official Gazette of RS, nr. 45/01) in Article 5, Paragraph 2,

Clause 3 is amended as follows:

"3) Exploit of mineral resources which do not meet the conditions and measures for environmental protection,

natural and cultural values, as well as conditions of protection and sustainable use of forests, farmland and tourist

area, determined in accordance with law; "

In paragraph 3, Clause 1 is amended as follows:

"1) Exploit mineral resources, as well as the use of sand, gravel, stone and clay from river beds and stream banks;"

Article 2

This Decree shall become effective on the eight day after it was published in the "Official Gazette of the Republic

of Serbia".

05 No. 110-3616/2001

Dated in Belgrade on June 18, 2009

Government

The First Prime Minister –

Deputy Prime Minister

Ivica Dačić

112



(4) Updated list of land use and management/cooperation plans [List existing land use and management/cooperation plans (with dates and reference numbers) for the

administrative area(s) included within the biosphere reserve. Provide a copy of these documents. It is

recommended to produce an English, French or Spanish synthesis of its contents and a translation of its most

relevant provisions.]

Spatial plan of Nature Park "Golija" ("Official Gazette of RS" No. 16 / 06.03.2009.).

Basic document on the Golija forest area for the period 2010 - 2019 ("Srbijašume",

Belgrade, Forest management Unit "Golija" Ivanjica)

Basic document on Donje - Ibar forest area, for the period 2009 - 2018 ("Srbijašume",

Belgrade, Forest management Unit "Stolovi" Kraljevo)

Basic document on Gornje - Ibar forest area, for the period 2009 - 2018 ("Srbijašume",

Belgrade, Forest management Unit "Šumarstvo" Raška)

The program for improvement the fishery in the fishing area "Golija"

Management plan for the hunting grounds "Golija" and "Biser Voda - Divan"

The basic document on forest management for 18 forest management units located on the

territory of the Reserve.

Other planning documents in the field of forestry, hunting, fishing and the protection of

cultural and historical monuments in the Nature Park "Golija".

113



(5) Updated species list (to be annexed) [Provide a list of important species occurring within the proposed biosphere reserve, including common names,

wherever possible.]

The main tree species are: Fagus sylvatica, Abies alba, Picea abies, Acer heldreichii, Sorbus

aucuparia, Alnus incana, Salix alba, Ostrya carpinifolia, Ilex aquifolium, Populus tremula,

Pinus sylvestris, Pinus nigra, Betula pendula, Quercus cerris, Quercus petraea, Fraxinus

excelsior, Fraxinus ornus, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Carpinus betulus, Juniperus

communis.

Protected and strictly protected plant species according to “Bylaw of the declaration and

protection of protected and strictly protected wild species of plants, animals and fungi

(“Official Gazette of RS”, nr. 5/10, 47/11) and “Regulation on the transboundary movement

and trade of the protected species” (“Official Gazette RS”, no. 99/2009) – Annex VII and VIII:

Dactylorhiza latifolia; Gymnadenia conopsea; Huperzia selago, Juniperus communis; Neottia

nidus-avis; Orchis morio; Pimpinella serbica; Platanthera bifolia; Acer heldreichii;

Corallorrhiza trifida; Dactylorhiza incarnata; Dactylorhiza maculata; Gymnadenia nigra;

Listera cordata; Lycopodium clavatum; Traunsteinera globosa; Sphagnum spp.

“Regulation on transboundary movement and trade of the protected species” (“Official Gazette

RS”, nr. 99/2009) in Annex II (in accordance with CITES convention and Annex B of Council

Regulation no. 338/97 and Commision Regulation nr. 407/09 EU) includes the following plant

taxon: Coeloglossum viride; Corallorrhiza trifida; Dactylorhiza incarnata Dactylorhiza

latifolia; Dactylorhiza maculata; Gymnadenia nigra; Listera cordata Neottia nidus-avis;

Platanthera bifolia Traunsteinera globosa. The moss species for which is planned a Natura

2000 area and which is on Annex II is: Buxbaumia viridis (Moug. ex Lam. & DC.) Brid. ex

Moug. & Nestl., Green Shield-moss, Family: Buxbaumiaceae Status: DS (II); Bern; PZDV;

PPPT.

Habitats Directive –ANNEX V (Council Directive 92/43/EEC on the Conservation of natural

habitats and of wild fauna and flora) as to NATURA 2000 Ecological network includes two

vascular plants: Huperzia selago and Lycopodium clavatum, as well as all species of white

mosses – Sphagnum falax, S. girgensonhii, S. inundatum, S. palustre, S. russowii, S.

squarrosum and S. subsecundum. The two species of moss on the Annex V are registered in

Golija: Leucobryum glaucum (Hedw.) AÅngstr., Large white moss Family: Leucobryaceae

Status: DS (V); Genus Sphagnum peat-mosses Family: Sphagnaceae Status: DS (V); PZDV;

PPPT; two species from the group of clubmoss - Huperzia selago (L.) Bernh. ex Schrank & C.

F. P. Mart. subsp. Selago, Fir Clubmoss, Synonym: Lycopodium selago L. Family:

Lycopodiaceae, Status: DS (V); PZDV; PPPT; Lycopodium clavatum L. subsp. Clavatum,

Stag's-horn Clubmoss, Synonym: Lycopodium clavatum L. Family: Lycopodiaceae Status: DS

(V); U; PZDV; PPPT.

A significant segment of vascular plants diversity of Golija represents the presence of the

Balkan endemics. In the area of biosphere reserves the presence of the following Balkan

endemics is determined: Acer heldreichii; Aconitum burnatii subsp. pentheri; Aconitum

toxicum subsp. bosniacum; Asyneuma pichleri; Betonica scardica; Bupleurum apiculatum;

Cerastium decalvans; Cerastium malyi; Cerastium rectum; Chamaecytisus tommasinii; Crocus

veluchensis; Hieracium gymnocephalum; Hieracium jurassicum subsp. papyraceum;

Hieracium marmoreum; Knautia dinarica; Pimpinella serbica; Silene sendtneri; Lilium

carniolicum subsp. albanicum; Thymus praecox subsp. jankae; Viola macedonica.

114



The main bird species are: Pernis aprivorus, Circeatus gallicus, Aquila chrysaetos, Falco

peregrinus, Bonasa bonasia, Tetrao urogallus, Scolopax rusticola, Dendrocopos leucotos,

Anthus spinoletta, Motacilla cinerea, Troglodytes troglodytes, Prunella modularis, Erithacus

rubecula, Turdus torquatus, Turdus merula, Turdus philomelos, Turdus viscivorus, Sylvia

atricapilla, Sylvia curruca, Regulus regulus, Tichodroma muraria, Nucifraga caryocatactes,

Fringilla coelebs, Loxia curvirostra, Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Parus cristatus.

The main fish species are Salmo trutta, Barbus peloponnesius, Alburnoides bipunctatus and

Cottus gobio.

Amphibians and reptiles are represented with the following species: Salamandra salamandra,

Triturus alpestris, Triturus vulgaris, Bufo bufo, Bufo viridis, Hyla arborea, Rana temporaria,

Rana dalmatina, Rana ridibunda, Ablepharus kitaibelii, Anguis fragilis, Podarcis muralis,

Lacerta agilis, Lacerta viridis, Elaphe longissima, Coronela austriaca, Natrix natrix, Natrix

tessellata, Vipera ammodytes.

The mammals (Mammalia) of Golija are as follows: Grey wolf (Canis lupus), Brown bear

(Ursus arctos), Otter (Lutra lutra), Marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna) (Annex II Habitats

Directive); Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus), Common dormouse (Muscardinus

avellanarius), Grey wolf (Canis lupus), Brown bear (Ursus arctos), Otter (Lutra lutra),

Marbled polecat (Vormela peregusna), Wildcat (Felis silvestris) (Annex IV Habitats Directive);

Golden jackal (Canis aureus), Pine marten (Martes martes), Western polecat (Mustela

putorius) (Annex V Habitats Directive).

The mammals of Golija (Mammalia): Grey wolf (Canis lupus), Brown bear (Ursus arctos),

Otter (Lutra lutra), Marbled polecat (Vorm peregusna) (Annex II Habitats Directive);

Whiskered bat (Myotis mystacinus), Common dormouse (Muscardinus avellanarius), Grey wolf

(Canis lupus), Brown bear (Ursus arctos), Otter (Lutra lutra), Marbled polecat (Vorm

peregusna), Wildcat (Felis silvestris) (Annex IV of the Habitats Directive); Golden jackal

(Canis aureus), Pine marten (Martes martes), Western polecat (Mustela putorius) (Annex V

Habitats Directive).

115



A list of important species

Group Latin name English name National IUCN Endemic CITES Regulation RelicSite

status

Habitats

Directive

Vascular plantsAcer heldreichii Orph. ex Boiss. Heldreich's Maple sp * *

Vascular plantsAchillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Yarrow / Nose-bleed p *

Vascular plantsAconitum burnatii subsp. pentheri p * *

Vascular plantsAconitum toxicum subsp. bosniacum p *

Vascular plantsAlchemilla viridiflora p * *

Vascular plantsAlchemilla xanthochlora Intermediate Lady's-mantle p *

Vascular plantsAlyssum markgrafii p * *

Vascular plantsAremonia agrimonoides subsp. agrimonoidesBastard Agrimony *

Vascular plantsAsarum europaeum subsp. europaeumAsarabacca p * *

Vascular plantsAsyneuma pichleri * *

Vascular plantsAthyrium filix-femina subsp. filix-feminaLady-fern / Parsley-fern p *

Vascular plantsBetonica scardica *

Vascular plantsBetula pendula Silver Birch p *

Vascular plantsBistorta officinalis subsp. officinalis Common Bistort p *

Vascular plantsBlechnum spicant Hard-fern p * *

Vascular plantsBupleurum apiculatum *

Vascular plantsCarlina acaulis subsp. acaulis Carline Thistle p *

Vascular plantsCerastium decalvans subsp. decalvans *

Vascular plantsCerastium malyi subsp. malyi *

Vascular plantsCerastium rectum subsp. rectum *

Vascular plantsChamaecytisus tommasinii *

Vascular plantsChrysosplenium alternifolium Chrysosplene *

Vascular plantsCoeloglossum viride subsp. viride Frog Orchid sp * *

Vascular plantsCorallorrhiza trifida Coralroot Orchid sp * *

Vascular plantsCrocus veluchensis *

Vascular plantsDactylorhiza incarnata subsp. incarnataEarly Marsh-orchid sp * *

Vascular plantsDactylorhiza latifolia Elder-flowered Orchid p * *

Vascular plantsDactylorhiza maculata Heath Spotted-orchid sp * *

Vascular plantsDryopteris carthusiana p *

Vascular plantsEpilobium hirsutum Great Willowherb p *

Vascular plantsEpilobium montanum Broad-leaved Willowherb p *

Vascular plantsEriophorum latifolium Broad-leaved Cottongrass *

Vascular plantsEuphrasia rostkoviana subsp. montana p *

Vascular plantsEuphrasia rostkoviana subsp. rostkovianaEyebright p *

Vascular plantsFragaria vesca subsp. vesca Wild Strawberry p *

Vascular plantsGalium odoratum Woodruff p *

Vascular plantsGalium pseudaristatum p *

Vascular plantsGenista depressa *

Vascular plantsGentiana acaulis Stemless Gentian sp *

Vascular plantsGentiana asclepiadea subsp. asclepiadeaWillow Gentian p *

Vascular plantsGeranium robertianum subsp. robertianumHerb-Robert p *

Vascular plantsGymnadenia conopsea subsp. conopseaFragrant Orchid p *

Vascular plantsGymnadenia nigra sp * *

Vascular plantsHelleborus serbicus Bear's foot p *

Vascular plantsHieracium gentile Hawkweed * *

Vascular plantsHieracium gymnocephalum subsp. gymnocephalum *

Vascular plantsHieracium jurassicum subsp. papyraceum sp *

Vascular plantsHieracium marmoreum subsp. marmoreum sp *

Vascular plantsHypericum barbatum p *

Vascular plantsHypericum perforatum Perforate St John's-wort p *

Vascular plantsJacobaea subalpina p

Vascular plantsJuniperus communis subsp. communis Common Juniper p *

Vascular plantsKnautia dinarica subsp. dinarica *

Vascular plantsLilium carniolicum subsp. albanicum p * *

Vascular plantsLilium martagon Martagon Lily p *

Vascular plantsListera cordata Lesser Twayblade sp * *

Vascular plantsMelittis melissophyllum subsp. albida Bastard Balm *

Vascular plantsMyosotis alpestris subsp. suaveolens *

Vascular plantsNeottia nidus-avis Bird's Nest Orchid p * *

Vascular plantsOrchis morio subsp. morio Green-winged Orchid p * *

Vascular plantsParis quadrifolia Herb-paris / One-berry *

Vascular plantsPhegopteris connectilis Beech Fern sp

Vascular plantsPimpinella serbica p * *

Vascular plantsPlatanthera bifolia subsp. bifolia Lesser Butterfly Orchid p * *

Vascular plantsPotentilla erecta Tormentil p *

Vascular plantsPulmonaria officinalis Lungwort p *

Vascular plantsSanicula europaea subsp. europaea Sanicle *

Vascular plantsSilene sendtneri subsp. sendtneri *

Vascular plantsSolidago virgaurea subsp. virgaurea Goldenrod p *

Vascular plantsThymus praecox subsp. jankae Creeping Thyme *

Vascular plantsTraunsteinera globosa European food-deceptive sp * *

Vascular plantsTrollius europaeus subsp. transsilvanicusGlobe Flower p *

Vascular plantsVaccinium myrtillus Bilberry / Blue-berry p *

Vascular plantsVeratrum lobelianum sp

Vascular plantsVeronica officinalis Heath Speedwell p *

Vascular plantsViola macedonica Boiss. & Heldr. Johnny-Jumpup *

116




status

Habitats

Directive

Amphibians and reptilesBufo viridis Green toad sp

Amphibians and reptilesHyla arborea European tree frog sp

Amphibians and reptilesRana temporaria Common frog sp *

Amphibians and reptilesRana dalmatina Agile frog sp

Amphibians and reptilesRana ridibunda Green frog p *

Amphibians and reptilesAblepharus kitaibelii European copper skink sp *

Amphibians and reptilesPodarcis muralis Wall lizard

Amphibians and reptilesLacerta agilis Sand lizard sp

Amphibians and reptilesLacerta viridis Green lizard

Amphibians and reptilesElaphe longissima Aesculapian snake sp

Amphibians and reptilesCoronella austriaca Smooth snake sp

Amphibians and reptilesNatrix tessellata Dice snake sp

Amphibians and reptilesVipera ammodytes Nose horned snake p * *


status

Habitats

Directive

Insects Carabus montivagus

Insects Carabus croaticus bosiljcici sp

Insects Carabus violaceus azurescens sp

Insects Agonum sexpunctatum

Insects Agonum scrobiculatus serbicus

Insects Pterostichus oblongopunctatus

Insects Pterostichus burmeisteri

Insects Pterostichus brevis

Insects Pterostichus nigrita

Insects Pterostichus bruckii

Insects Stomis pumicatus

Insects Platyderus rufus

Insects Notiophilus biguttatus

Insects Trechus priapus priapus

Insects Boloria titania sp

Insects Euphydrias aurinia

Insects Phengaris arion

Insects Parnassius mnemosyne

Insects Lestes sponsa *

Insects Pyrrhosoma nymhula

Insects Enallagma cyathigerum *

Insects Aeshna juncea *

Insects Cordulia aenea *

Insects Libellula quadrumaculata

Insects Leucorhinia dubia p

Insects Arcyptera fusca

Insects Chorthippus brunneus brunneus

Insects Chorthippus longicornis

Insects Chorthippus mollis mollis

Insects Decticus verrucivorus

Insects Euthystira brachyptera

Insects Gomphocerus sibiricus

Insects Metrioptera brachyptyera

Insects Miramella alpina

Insects Omocestus haemorrhoidalis

Insects Omocestus petraeus

Insects Omocestus ventralis

Insects Pholidoptera aptera karny p

Insects Pholidoptera fallax

Insects Pholidoptera frivaldskyi

Insects Pholidoptera griseoaptera

Insects Poecilimon ampliatus p *

Insects Poecilimon ornatus sp

Insects Poecilimon thoracicus

Insects Psorodonotus fieberi p

Insects Stauroderus scalaris

Insects Stenobothrus lineatus

Insects Stenobothrus stigmaticus

Insects Tettigonia viridissima

117




status

Habitats

Directive

Birds Pernis apivorus European Honey-buzzard sp b/p

Birds Gyps fulvus Eurasian Griffon sp p

Birds Circaetus gallicus Short-toed Eagle sp b/p

Birds Circus aeruginosus Western Marsh-harrier sp p

Birds Circus cyaneus Northern Harrier sp w/p

Birds Circus pygargus Montagu's Harrier sp pb/p

Birds Aquila chrysaetos Golden Eagle sp b/w

Birds Falco peregrinus Peregrine Falcon sp b/w

Birds Bonasa bonasia Hazel Grouse sp b/w

Birds Tetrao urogallus Capercaillie sp b/w

Birds Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper sp p

Birds Bubo bubo Eagle-owl sp b/w

Birds Strix uralensis Ural Owl sp b/w

Birds Aegolius funereus Tengmalm's Owl sp b/w

Birds Caprimulgus europaeus Eurasian Nightjar sp b/p

Birds Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher sp b/w

Birds Picus canus Grey-headed Woodpecker sp b/w

Birds Dryocopus martius Black Woodpecker sp b/w

Birds Dendrocopos syriacus Syrian Woodpecker sp b/w

Birds Dendrocopos medius Middle Spotted Woodpecker sp b/w

Birds Dendrocopos leucotos White-backed Woodpecker sp b/w

Birds Anthus campestris Tawny Pipit sp pb/p

Birds Lullula arborea Woodlark sp b/p

Birds Ficedula parva Red-breasted Flycatcher b/p

Birds Ficedula albicollis Collared Flycatcher b/p

Birds Lanius collurio Red-backed Shrike b/p

Birds Emberiza hortulana Ortolan Bunting b/p


status

Habitats

Directive

Mammals Canis lupus Grey wolf *

Mammals Ursus arctos Brown bear *

Mammals Lutra lutra Otter *

Mammals Vormela peregusna Marbled polecat *

Mammals Vormela peregusna Marbled polecat *

Mammals Myotis mystacinus Whiskered bat *

Mammals Muscardinus avellanarius Common dormouse *

Mammals Felis silvestris Wildcat *

Mammals Canis aureus Golden jackal *

Mammals Martes martes Pine marten *

Mammals Mustela putorius Western polecat *

Legend:

sp-strictly protected, p-protected, b-breeder, pb-possible breeder, p- passenger, w-winter

visitor, * - presence

National - Ordinance on proclamation and protection of strictly protected and protected wild

species of plants, animals and fungi ("Official Gazette of RS", no. 05/2010 and 47/2011)

Regulation - The Regulation on control of use and trade of wild flora and fauna ("RS Official

Gazette", Nos. 31/2005, 45/2005, 22/2007, 38/2008, 9/2010 and 69/2011).

118



(6) Updated list of main bibliographic references (to be annexed)

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128



10. ADRESSES

10.1 Contact address of the proposed biosphere reserve: [Government agency, organization, or other entity (entities) to serve as the main contact to whom all

correspondence within the World Network of Biosphere Reserves should be addressed.]

Contact address (es)

Contact address of the biosphere reserve for all official correspondence.

Name: Commission of the Republic of Serbia for UNESCO

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

Street: Kneza Miloša 24 - 26

City with postal code: 11000 Belgrade

Country: Republic of Serbia

Telephone: +381 11 36 16 333

Telefax (or telex): +381 11 36 18 030

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected];

[email protected]

Web site address: www.mfa.gov.rs/unesco

Name: MAB and Climate Change Sub-Committee

Commission of the Republic of Serbia for UNESCO






Web site address: under development (within the UNESCO Ecological Footprint

project)

Name: Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia

Street: Dr Ivana Ribara 91



Telephone: +381 11 209-3803

Telefax (or telex): +381 11 209-3867


Web site address: www.zzps.rs

Name: State enterprise for forests management Srbijašume

Forest estate Šumarstvo – Raška, Working unit “Park prirode ''Golija''.

Street: Miluna Ivanovića 9

City with postal code: 36350 Raška


Telephone: +381 36 736-861

Telefax (or telex): +381 36 736-252


Web site address: www.srbijasume.rs

129



Annex I to the Biosphere Reserve Periodic Review

MABnet Directory of Biosphere Reserves

Administrative details

Country: REPUBLIC OF SERBIA

Name of BR: GOLIJA - STUDENICA

Year designated: 2002

Administrative authorities: the Municipality of Ivanjica, the City of Kraljevo

Name Contact:

Name: Commission of the Republic of Serbia for UNESCO





Telephone: +381 11 36 16 333

Telefax (or telex): +381 11 36 18 030

E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected];

[email protected]

Web site address: www.mfa.gov.rs/unesco

Name: MAB and Climate Change Sub-Committee

Commission of the Republic of Serbia for UNESCO






Web site address: under development (within the UNESCO Ecological Footprint

project)

Name: Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia

Street: Dr Ivana Ribara 91



Telephone: +381 11 209-3803

Telefax (or telex): +381 11 209-3867


Web site address: www.zzps.rs

http://www.mfa.gov.rs/unesco

130



Name: State enterprise for forests management Srbijašume

Forest estate Šumarstvo – Raška, Working unit “Park prirode ''Golija''.

Street: Miluna Ivanovića 9

City with postal code: 36350 Raška


Telephone: +381 36 736-861

Telefax (or telex): +381 36 736-252


Web site address: www.srbijasume.rs

Related links: www.srbijasume.rs

Social networks: Currently the Biosphere Reserve is not represented on the social networks.

Description

Nature Park "Golija" gained the status of a biosphere reserve under the name "Golija-

Studenica" in 2001 and became the first biosphere reserve in Serbia. The conserved nature with

a large number of plant and animal species, some of which are endemic and relict, and the

Studenica monastery, which has been on the the UNESCO World Cultural and Natural

Heritage List since 1986, have contributed to the designation of the Reserve. The area of the

Biosphere Reserve "Golija-Studenica" is 53.804 hectares and includes part of the Nature Park

"Golija" at the area of the forest governance units Ivanjica and Kraljevo.

Nature Park "Golija" was placed under protection for the purpose of conservation of forest

ecosystem values, the diversity of landscapes and exceptional beauty of the landscapes, cultural

goods and their surroundings (the monasteries Studenica and Gradac), durability and quality of

basic natural resources (water, soil and plant cover), the biodiversity consisting of rare, endemic

and relict species, geological heritage consisting of unusual and attractive relief forms and

numerous water bodies and phenomena such as sources of mountain water streams and peat

bog lakes.

The area of Golija itself is bordered by Ibar river valley in the east, Raška and Ljutska river in

the south, Moravica in the west and the central part of the Studenica river valley in the north

and northeast. It is characterized by the abundance of water and a variety of wildlife. The basins

of Moravica and Studenica rivers with their numerous tributaries are major factors of

geomorphological processes and relief forms.

Golija is adorned by an expanse of forest cover. Beech forests are particularly distributed. Some

parts of these forests have the character of rainforest. Golija is now most densely forested

mountain in Serbia, with the largest and best forest complexes. Its southern slopes are covered

with vast meadows and pastures. Mires have been preserved in the spruce forests, as specific

and sensitive ecosystems.

Golija together with the mountain Tara is a refuge of the tertiary flora in Serbia and it is

important as a center of genetic, species and ecosystem diversity in the Balkans and in Europe.

Floristic biodiversity of Golija consists of about 900 taxa of plants, of which 729 species are

vascular fungi, 40 species are moss, 117 species and varieties are algae. Endemic and relict

species and species that have become endangered are of special importance in the flora.

131



Among the preserved natural rarities, the relict and endemic tree species of maple (Acer

heldreichii) stands out, which is a synonym for the flora of Golija.

In Serbia, the most beautiful and best preserved communities with dense populations of

mountain maple are on Golija. In addition to maple, of special floristic importance is holly (Ilex

aquiifolium), as well as endemic species: Alyssum markgrafii, Alyssum jancheni, Pancicia

serbica, Viola elegantula and Verbascum adamovicin.

The species Pancicia serbica and Thymus adamovicii have the characteristics of local endemic

species and the species of international importance for biodiversity conservation.

In Golija, it has so far been recorded 45 species of birds that belong to the group of natural

rarities, and approximately 90 species that are candidates for the Red Book of Birds in Serbia.

The following sites are important in botanical terms: Dajićko jezero, Košaninova jezera,

Tresava na Belim vodama, Palež, Jankov kamen, Ljute livade, Vlaški most, Karalići, Izubra,

Bojevo brdo, Devojačka voda, Odvraćenica, Biser voda-Vranji krš-Lisa-Borje.

Special cultural and historical value of Golija is the Studenica monastery, founded in the late

twelfth century, as a major endowment of the founder of the dynasty of Nemanjić, Stefan

Nemanja. The monastery had in time become the most important cultural center of the new

Serbian medieval state with the greatest impact on the social and cultural development of the

country. It had often been destroyed and rebuilt again. In the XII and XIII century the monastery

complex included 13 churches with supporting facilities, the two of which remained well

preserved till present day: the Holy Virgin Church and the Church of St. Joachim and Anna.

Studenica Monastery, undoubtedly, is one of the most valuable buildings in Serbian

architecture and one of the most important centers of medieval life. More than 20 years ago its

values have placed it beyond the borders of our country to the UNESCO World Cultural and

Natural Heritage List (since 1986).

Major ecosystem type: Golija is grown with forest ecosystems. Beech forests are particularly

distributed. The southern slopes of Golija are covered with vast meadows and pastures. Mires

have been preserved in the spruce forests, as specific and sensitive ecosystems.

Major habitats & land cover types:

Beech forests (Main species - Fagus sylvatica)

Spruce forests (Main species - Picea abies)

Fir forests (Main species - Abies alba)

Oak forests (Main species - Quercus petraea and Q. cerris.)

Pine forests (Main species - Pinus silvestris)

Mixed deciduous forests – Main species Acer heldreichii, Fagus sylvatica

Mixed coniferous forests (Main species -Abies alba-Picea abies

Mixed deciduous and coniferous forests (Main species -Abies alba-Fagus sylvatica,

Acer heldreichi, Picea abies)

Mountain meadows from alliances

Mountain wetlands (rivers, streams, mires, marshes, lakes)

132



Bioclimatic zone: Climate of Golija is determined by its geographical position, diversity of

relief, elevation, vegetation and other factors, based on which three climate regions are

distinguished: lowland with sub-mountainous region, transitional and mountain region.

Location (latitude & longitude):

Cardinal points: Latitude Longitude

Most central point: 43 23’ 42”

20 21’ 58”

74 48 604

48 05 848

Northernmost point: 43 33’ 15”

20 20’ 32”

74 46 857

48 23 521

Southernmost point: 43 16’ 32”

20 21’ 32”

74 47 959

47 92 586

Westernmost point: 43 24’ 46”

20 09’ 22”

74 31 666

48 07 971

Easternmost point: 43 29’ 07”

20 33’ 33”

74 64 343

48 15 782

Total Area (ha): 53.804 ha

Core area(s): 496.60 ha.

Buffer zone(s): 3,661.50 ha.

Transition area(s) : 49,645.90 ha.

Different existing zonation: -

Altitudinal range (metres above sea level): -

Zonation map(s):

Main objectives of the biosphere reserve

1. Continuous environmental education and informing of the residents and visitor of the

Biosphere Reserve, about the value and preservation of natural and cultural assets.

2. Initiate a range of activities, services and information which can be organized by the

rural population on family farms in order to attract tourists and create additional

income.

3. Initiate program of reconstruction and conservation of architectural heritage in the area

of the village Gradac, Brusnik and Plešin, where the best-preserved structure of

traditional construction is. These settlements are planned for the special protection and

rehabilitation as spatial, historical, ethnic, with priorities for the development of

appropriate tourism types.

4. Development of general, topical and informative promotional materials with

educational character of the Biosphere Reserve Golija – Studenica, as well as of Nature

Park Golija, such as guide, brochure, CD, catalogues, flyers and other promotional

materials.

133



Research


century. He


mentioned in “Flora of the Dukedom of Serbia”. Studies of flora and vegetation and of algae

and mosses, in the early 20th

century are associated with Nedeljko Košanin. Particularly

important is his work concerning hydrobiology of Dajić Lake. Research of flora and vegetation

in Golija was discontinued from the time of Košanin to the sixties, when it was resumed.

Studies of flora, phytogeography, phytocoenology, and ecology by botanists and foresters in

past decades increased the level of knowledge of the vegetation life on Golija. Blecić and Tatić

(1962, 1964) studied the vegetation of juniper forests, meadows and pastures. Systematic and

comprehensive team and stationary research of Golija mountain began in the seventies, guided

by M. Gajić. Several new subspecies and varieties have been described.







effects. In accordance, few of the scientific papers related to abiotic research and monitoring

have been done.












Socio-economic research was performed in the area of Golija (wider area of the biosphere



Monitoring








134







Monitoring of the strictly protected species of plants, animals and fungi, monitoring of the state

of natural resources in the protected area (river water flows, land, forests, etc.), and the

introduction of changes in the Annual operational plans of forest management is a regular

activity of the forestry engineers in the Forest Management Units on the territory of the Nature

Park "Golija".

At the area of the Reserve there is a continuous monitoring of bark beetles in the protected area

by placing pheromone traps with pheromones in spruce stands, along with the control of use

and trade in protected species of blueberry, the controll of use of the stone slabs in a traditional

way, as well as a control of quarries where the stone is used for roads, the monitoring of the

process of coniferous forests withering, considering the fact that there has been intensification

of this phenomenon, and the protection and control of specific fish habitats.

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Specific variables (fill in the table below and tick the relevant parameters)

Abiotic Biodiversity Abiotic factors Afforestation/Reforestation x Acidic deposition/Atmospheric factors Algae Air quality Alien and/or invasive species Air temperature x Amphibians Climate, climatology x Arid and semi-arid systems Contaminants Autoecology Drought x Beach/soft bottom systems Erosion x Benthos Geology Biodiversity aspects x Geomorphology Biogeography Geophysics Biology Glaciology Biotechnology Global change x Birds x Groundwater Boreal forest systems Habitat issues x Breeding x Heavy metals Coastal/marine systems Hydrology Community studies Indicators Conservation x Meteorology x Coral reefs Modeling Degraded areas x Monitoring/methodologies Desertification Nutrients Dune systems Physical oceanography Ecology Pollution, pollutants Ecosystem assessment Siltation/sedimentation Ecosystem functioning/structure Soil Ecosystem services x Speleology Ecotones Topography Endemic species x Toxicology Ethology UV radiation x Evapotranspiration Evolutionary studies/Palaeoecology Fauna x Fires/fire ecology x Fishes x Flora x Forest systems x Freshwater systems x Fungi x Genetic resources x Genetically modified organisms Home gardens Indicators Invertebrates Island systems/studies Lagoon systems Lichens x Mammals x Mangrove systems

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Mediterranean type systems Microorganisms Migrating populations Modeling Monitoring/methodologies x Mountain and highland systems Natural and other resources x Natural medicinal products x Perturbations and resilience Pests/Diseases x Phenology Phytosociology/Succession Plankton Plants x Polar systems Pollination Population genetics/dynamics x Productivity Rare/Endangered species x Reptiles Restoration/Rehabilitation Species (re) introduction Species inventorying Sub-tropical and temperate

rainforest systems

Taxonomy Temperate forest systems Temperate grassland systems Tropical dry forest systems Tropical grassland and savannah

systems

Tropical humid forest systems Tundra systems Vegetation studies Volcanic/Geothermal systems Wetland systems Wildlife x

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Socio-economic

Integrated monitoring Agriculture/Other production systems x Biogeochemical studies Agroforestry Carrying capacity Anthropological studies Climate change Aquaculture Conflict analysis/resolution x Archaeology Ecosystem approach x Bioprospecting Education and public awareness x Capacity building x Environmental changes x Cottage (home-based) industry x Geographic Information System

(GIS)

x Cultural aspects x Impact and risk studies x Demography x Indicators Economic studies Indicators of environmental quality Economically important species Infrastructure development x Energy production systems Institutional and legal aspects x Ethnology/traditional

practices/knowledge

x Integrated studies Firewood cutting x Interdisciplinary studies x Fishery x Land tenure Forestry x Land use/Land cover x Human health x Landscape inventorying/monitoring Human migration x Management issues x Hunting x Mapping x Indicators Modeling Indicators of sustainability x Monitoring/methodologies x Indigenous people's issues x Planning and zoning measures x Industry Policy issues x Livelihood measures Remote sensing Livestock and related impacts x Rural systems x Local participation x Sustainable development/use x Micro-credits Transboundary issues/measures Mining x Urban systems Modeling Watershed studies/monitoring Monitoring/methodologies Natural hazards x Non-timber forest products x Pastoralism People-Nature relations x Poverty x Quality economies/marketing Recreation x Resource use x Role of women x Sacred sites x Small business initiatives x Social/Socio-economic aspects x Stakeholders' interests x Tourism x Transports

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Annex II to the Biosphere Reserve Periodic Review

Promotion and Communication Materials

for the biosphere reserve

Provide some promotional material regarding the site, notably high quality photos, and/or

short videos on the site so as to allow the Secretariat to prepare appropriate files for press

events. To this end, a selection of photographs in high resolution (300 dpi), with photo credits

and captions and video footage (rushes), without any comments or sub-titles, of professional

quality – DV CAM or BETA only, will be needed.

In addition, return a signed copy of the following Agreements on Non-Exclusive Rights for

photo(s) and video(s).

The Biosphere Reserve is also on Youtube:

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PpVY3IoQ01s

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FbKuyk9ICCU

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYp25Z-9VVk

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hraOzRiWARY

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVEUFCDXMCc

- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SlDp6KnFGIg

A film about Golija is aimed at directing our thoughts to the importance of preserving life on

this mountain with the message that everything can be better, more beautiful and dignified. The

film "Mountain Golija, an impression of nature" is an ecological and cultural documentary and

a reminder that Golija might provide another chance to us.

Brochures

- The Associatiopn for the development of Kraljevo valley: The prospects of sustainable

agricultural and tourism development within the Nature Park „Golija” and Biosphere Reserve

"Golija - Studenica".

- Pharmaceutical research society: Medicinal plants of the mountain Golija.

- MAB Biosphere Reserve Golija - Studenica: A life in communion with Nature.

Monographs

- Nikolić, Stevan: Golija, an Ecological and Tourism-based Study with the Program.

Urošev, Marko: The Basin of Golijska Moravica river, a Hydrological Analysis.

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UNESCO Photo Library

Bureau of Public Information

AGREEMENT GRANTING NON-EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS

Reference:

1. a) I the undersigned, copyright-holder of the above mentioned photo(s) hereby grant to

UNESCO free of charge the non-exclusive right to exploit, publish, reproduce, diffuse,

communicate to the public in any form and on any support, including digital, all or part of the

photograph(s) and to licence these rights to third parties on the basis of the rights herein vested

in UNESCO

b) These rights are granted to UNESCO for the legal term of copyright throughout the world.

c) The name of the photographer will be cited alongside UNESCO’s whenever his/her work is

used in any form.

2. I certify that:

a) I am the sole copyright holder of the photo(s) and am the owner of the rights granted by

virtue of this agreement and other rights conferred to me by national legislation and pertinent

international conventions on copyright and that I have full rights to enter into this agreement.

b) The photo(s) is/are in no way whatever a violation or an infringement of any existing

copyright or licence, and contain(s) nothing obscene, libellous or defamatory.

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Name and Address:

Signature : Date :

(Sign, return to UNESCO two copies of the Agreement and retain the original for yourself)

Mailing address: 7 Place Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, Direct Telephone: 00331 – 45681687

Direct Fax: 00331 – 45685655; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]



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UNESCO PHOTO LIBRARY

Bureau of Public Information

AGREEMENT GRANTING NON-EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS

Reference:

1. a) I the undersigned, copyright-holder of the above mentioned video(s) hereby grant to

UNESCO free of charge the non-exclusive right to exploit, publish, reproduce, diffuse,

communicate to the public in any form and on any support, including digital, all or part of

the photograph(s) and to licence these rights to third parties on the basis of the rights herein

vested in UNESCO

b) These rights are granted to UNESCO for the legal term of copyright throughout the

world.

c) The name of the author/copyright holder will be cited alongside UNESCO’s whenever

his/her work is used in any form.

2. I certify that:

a) I am the sole copyright holder of the video(s) and am the owner of the rights granted by

virtue of this agreement and other rights conferred to me by national legislation and

pertinent international conventions on copyright and that I have full rights to enter into this

agreement.

b) The video(s) is/are in no way whatever a violation or an infringement of any existing

copyright or licence, and contain(s) nothing obscene, libellous or defamatory.

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Name and Address:

Signature : Date:

(Sign, return to UNESCO two copies of the Agreement and retain the original for yourself)

Mailing address: 7 Place Fontenoy, 75352 Paris 07 SP, Direct Telephone: 00331 – 45681687

Direct Fax: 00331 – 45685655; e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]



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Annex III to the Biosphere Reserve Periodic Review

The Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves

Introduction

Within UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere (MAB) programme, biosphere reserves are

established to promote and demonstrate a balanced relationship between humans and the

biosphere. Biosphere reserves are designated by the International Co-ordinating Council of the

MAB Programme, at the request of the State concerned. Biosphere reserves, each of which

remains under the sole sovereignty of the State where it is situated and thereby submitted to

State legislation only, form a World Network in which participation by the States is voluntary.

The present Statutory Framework of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves has been

formulated with the objectives of enhancing the effectiveness of individual biosphere reserves

and strengthening common understanding, communication and co-operation at regional and

international levels.

This Statutory Framework is intended to contribute to the widespread recognition of biosphere

reserves and to encourage and promote good working examples. The delisting procedure

foreseen should be considered as an exception to this basically positive approach, and should be

applied only after careful examination, paying due respect to the cultural and socio-economic

situation of the country, and after consulting the government concerned.

The text provides for the designation, support and promotion of biosphere reserves, while

taking account of the diversity of national and local situations. States are encouraged to

elaborate and implement national criteria for biosphere reserves which take into account the

special conditions of the State concerned.

Article 1 - Definition

Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal/marine ecosystems or a combination

thereof, which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO's programme

on Man and the Biosphere (MAB), in accordance with the present Statutory Framework.

Article 2 - World Network of Biosphere Reserves

1. Biosphere reserves form a worldwide network, known as the World Network of Biosphere

Reserves, hereafter called the Network.

2. The Network constitutes a tool for the conservation of biological diversity and the

sustainable use of its components, thus contributing to the objectives of the Convention on

Biological Diversity and other pertinent conventions and instruments.

3. Individual biosphere reserves remain under the sovereign jurisdiction of the States where

they are situated. Under the present Statutory Framework, States take the measures which they

deem necessary according to their national legislation.

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Article 3 - Functions

In combining the three functions below, biosphere reserves should strive to be sites of

excellence to explore and demonstrate approaches to conservation and sustainable development

on a regional scale:

(i) conservation - contribute to the conservation of landscapes, ecosystems, species and genetic

variation;

(ii) development - foster economic and human development which is socio-culturally and

ecologically sustainable;

(iii) logistic support - support for demonstration projects, environmental education and training,

research and monitoring related to local, regional, national and global issues of conservation

and sustainable development.

Article 4 - Criteria

General criteria for an area to be qualified for designation as a biosphere reserve:

1. It should encompass a mosaic of ecological systems representative of major biogeographic

regions, including a gradation of human interventions.

2. It should be of significance for biological diversity conservation.

3. It should provide an opportunity to explore and demonstrate approaches to sustainable

development on a regional scale.

4. It should have an appropriate size to serve the three functions of biosphere reserves, as set

out in Article 3.

5. It should include these functions, through appropriate zonation, recognizing:

(a) a legally constituted core area or areas devoted to long-term protection, according to the

conservation objectives of the biosphere reserve, and of sufficient size to meet these objectives;

(b) a buffer zone or zones clearly identified and surrounding or contiguous to the core area or

areas, where only activities compatible with the conservation objectives can take place;

(c) an outer transition area where sustainable resource management practices are promoted and

developed.

6. Organizational arrangements should be provided for the involvement and participation of a

suitable range of inter alia public authorities, local communities and private interests in the

design and carrying out the functions of a biosphere reserve.

7. In addition, provisions should be made for:

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(a) mechanisms to manage human use and activities in the buffer zone or zones;

(b) a management policy or plan for the area as a biosphere reserve;

(c) a designated authority or mechanism to implement this policy or plan;

(d) programmes for research, monitoring, education and training.

Article 5 - Designation procedure

1. Biosphere reserves are designated for inclusion in the Network by the International Co-

ordinating Council (ICC) of the MAB programme in accordance with the following procedure:

(a) States, through National MAB Committees where appropriate, forward nominations with

supporting documentation to the secretariat after having reviewed potential sites, taking into

account the criteria as defined in Article 4;

(b) the secretariat verifies the content and supporting documentation: in the case of incomplete

nomination, the secretariat requests the missing information from the nominating State;

(c) nominations will be considered by the Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves for

recommendation to ICC;

(d) ICC of the MAB programme takes a decision on nominations for designation. The Director-

General of UNESCO notifies the State concerned of the decision of ICC.

2. States are encouraged to examine and improve the adequacy of any existing biosphere

reserve, and to propose extension as appropriate, to enable it to function fully within the

Network. Proposals for extension follow the same procedure as described above for new

designations.

3. Biosphere reserves which have been designated before the adoption of the present Statutory

Framework are considered to be already part of the Network. The provisions of the Statutory

Framework therefore apply to them.

Article 6 - Publicity

1. The designation of an area as a biosphere reserve should be given appropriate publicity by

the State and authorities concerned, including commemorative plaques and dissemination of

information material.

2. Biosphere reserves within the Network, as well as the objectives, should be given appropriate

and continuing promotion.

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Article 7 - Participation in the Network

1. States participate in or facilitate co-operative activities of the Network, including scientific

research and monitoring, at the global, regional and sub-regional levels.

2. The appropriate authorities should make available the results of research, associated

publications and other data, taking into account intellectual property rights, in order to ensure

the proper functioning of the Network and maximize the benefits from information exchanges.

3. States and appropriate authorities should promote environmental education and training, as

well as the development of human resources, in co-operation with other biosphere reserves in

the Network.

Article 8 - Regional and thematic subnetworks

States should encourage the constitution and co-operative operation of regional and/or thematic

subnetworks of biosphere reserves, and promote development of information exchanges,

including electronic information, within the framework of these subnetworks.

Article 9 - Periodic review

1. The status of each biosphere reserve should be subject to a periodic review every ten years,

based on a report prepared by the concerned authority, on the basis of the criteria of Article 4,

and forwarded to the secretariat by the State concerned.

2. The report will be considered by the Advisory Committee for Biosphere Reserves for

recommendation to ICC.

3. ICC will examine the periodic reports from States concerned.

4. If ICC considers that the status or management of the biosphere reserve is satisfactory, or has

improved since designation or the last review, this will be formally recognized by ICC.

5. If ICC considers that the biosphere reserve no longer satisfies the criteria contained in Article

4, it may recommend that the State concerned take measures to ensure conformity with the

provisions of Article 4, taking into account the cultural and socio-economic context of the State

concerned. ICC indicates to the secretariat actions that it should take to assist the State

concerned in the implementation of such measures.

6. Should ICC find that the biosphere reserve in question still does not satisfy the criteria

contained in Article 4, within a reasonable period, the area will no longer be referred to as a

biosphere reserve which is part of the Network.

7. The Director-General of UNESCO notifies the State concerned of the decision of ICC.

8. Should a State wish to remove a biosphere reserve under its jurisdiction from the Network, it

notifies the secretariat. This notification shall be transmitted to ICC for information. The area

will then no longer be referred to as a biosphere reserve which is part of the Network.

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Article 10 - Secretariat

1. UNESCO shall act as the secretariat of the Network and be responsible for its functioning

and promotion. The secretariat shall facilitate communication and interaction among individual

biosphere reserves and among experts. UNESCO shall also develop and maintain a worldwide

accessible information system on biosphere reserves, to be linked to other relevant initiatives.

2. In order to reinforce individual biosphere reserves and the functioning of the Network and

sub-networks, UNESCO shall seek financial support from bilateral and multilateral sources.

3. The list of biosphere reserves forming part of the Network, their objectives and descriptive

details, shall be updated, published and distributed by the secretariat periodically.

PERIODIC REVIEW FOR BIOSPHERE RESERVE

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