Period 1 Groups

3 2 1

CarlosChrisVinneshKevin KAnthony BJenny

6

MatthewAnthony JKyleJamesShubhamSonia

5

GiadaKevin QDinoraNataliaAngelaSolayman

4

JahleekComfortMilcaryFanRougi

ChristinaRichardTylerJubaerTatianaOloic

TatianaAlexisCaimaoArturoJustinJean

Period 2 Groups3SyedToriannDamiLeonJennifer

2MichelleRandolfGabrielKevinLeslie

1MahamMyahJosephCamilaYonghaoJaybrien

6VivanoHao YeeSharonArielJason

5JonathanJeffereyDaffaChristopherLuisAngelo

4ArutroCristianPaolaJohnnyGiovannaWinnie

Unit 1

Foundations of Government

Core Democratic Values

Aim: How does Government work?

• Do Now: Take a copy of the prepared notes

• 1. Fill in any and all information that you know

• 2. Generate 3-4 questions based on the notes and AIM

What do you know about your government?

1. A.Who is the President of the United States?b.Where is he from?

c. What party is he from?

• Who is the Vice President of the United States? 

• How many people are in the Senate? 

• Who are the senators from NY? 

• How many representatives are in the HOR?

• Can you name one HOR – representative from our area?

• Wouldn’t it be possible for all Americans to live as they choose with total freedom and without a government establishing limits on our individual freedoms?

• Do we as society need rules and regulations?

State of Nature• No government or laws

• 2 theories on state of nature–Thomas Hobbes argued that there

would be chaos and war, people need structure to survive

–John Locke argued that there would be peace, but people want to be joined to better themselves

HOBBES LOCKE

•Whose theory do you agree with? Why?

Government

• Institution that enforces public policies

• Organizes a community around common goals and cultures

• Join people to live together in peace• They develop through family

connections and conquering

The Purpose of Government

• 1. Offers protection

• 2. Maintains order

• 3. Resolve conflicts

• 4. Stabilize economy

• List three things you would expect your government to give you

• And three things you would give to your government

Aim: How are government structured?

• Do Now:

1.What is the purpose of government?

2. Is there anything that the government does that was not listed in yesterday’s lesson? Explain

Forms of government• Unitary –Local government only has

powers given to them by the federal government, limited and can be changed or eliminated

• Confederation –Weak central government with almost al of the power in the hands of local governments

• Federal Government – powers divided between central and local governments

Who Rules?

• Democracy – people rule– Direct Democracy: Each citizen

votes directly on issues and may either hold office or make policy

– Representative Democracy: A small number of citizens are elected to serve as representatives.

Who Rules?

• Oligarchy – elite class of rulers, small group– Aristocracy- rule by the finest. 18th

century France would be an example

– Political Party- usually rule by the “communist Party”. Cuba would be a modern example

– Theocracy - Iran would be a modern example

Who Rules?

• Autocracy – one person holds unlimited power– Monarchy

– Dictatorship

– Ex. North Korea

• What are some advantages of an autocracy over a democracy?

• A democracy over an autocracy?

Division of Powers in Gov’t

• Parliamentary – executive branch has a Prime Minister and a cabinet who are responsible to legislature

• Presidential – executive and legislative branch are separated, equal, and independent

What’s the difference between the

Presidential and Parliamentary

governments?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FDS1OHk7Lf8

Aim: How did our government develop?

• Do Now: Define – democracy

• HW: pg 32 # 13,14

• Pg 60 # 19,20,23,24

• All due FRIDAY

Locke’s Ideas

• Limited Government- government powers restricted and individuals’ rights protected

• Representative government – people choose representatives in gov’t

• Natural Rights – life, liberty,property

Locke’s Ideas

• Consent of the Governed – we have laws and government because we as a society agree to give up freedom in exchange for protection

• If the gov’t does not do its job, then we have the right and the obligation to overthrow the government and create a new one

AIM: How did the Declaration of Independence lay the

foundation for US government?

• Do Now: Sit in your groups from yesterday and take out your Declaration of Independent handout and Primary source

Declaration of Independence

• 3 parts

• Theory on Gov’t

• List of grievances

• Announcement of freedom

Aim: Did the Articles of Confederation create a

successful government?

• Do Now: How should the country be organized after the War?

• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1FBmW0oni6M

Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation

• Unicameral Congress.• No executive branch.• Few powers given to national

government.• Congress was elected by the state

legislatures.• Congress had no power to

regulate trade.• Congress had no power to coin

money.• Congress had no power to

establish armed forces.

Strengths of the Federal Constitution

• Bicameral Congress.• President given power to enforce

laws.• Congress elected by the people

(Senate after Amendment 17)• Simple majority needed to pass

laws.• Congress given power to collect

taxes.• Congress given power to coin

money.• Congress given power to forms

army and navy for national defense.

Constitutional Convention

When/Where/Who

Why

•September 1787

•Congress met for a Constitutional Convention

•Articles of Confederation were not working•A stronger central government was needed

Debates After the Articles• Compromises on

– Representation (Great Compromise)

– and Slavery (3/5 Compromise)

• Federalists – strong Nat’l gov’t, favor new constitution (Federalist Papers)

• Anti-Federalists – strong state govt, opposed Constitution, feared a strong central gov’t (wanted Bill of Rights)

• Federalists – strong Nat’l gov’t, favor creating new constitution

–Federalist Papers – Alexander Hamilton

• Anti-Federalists – strong states, opposed Constitution, feared a strong central gov’t

–Added the Bill of Rights

Constitutional Convention

They created the

U.S. Constitution

A written plan for the structure of the U.S. government.

Aim: How was the Constitution an improvement on the Articles

of Confederation?• Do Now: Please close read the article “Are college students really adults?”

• Write a response to the author—Do you agree/disagree?

• Feel free to make a T chart to write down which parts of the argument you agree/disagree with

• Make note whether your argument is moral or legal

• Annotate so you can refer back to the text

AIM: How does the constitution limit the powers of the

government?• Do Now: take both handouts—Levels of

Government/Checks and Balances and Democrats may block vote on Iran Deal

Period 4

Group 3BrandonBryanJhonathanHashmatNiomieNallelly

Group 2SydneyAlisaAaronAnysaTarundeepArhum

Group 1DeniseDavonne BAngelikaMisaelNikita

Group 6 Group 5KhrystinQuovadisCarlaGersonIsabellaEzekielMarcus

Group 4JohanDavon MByronShameerTeshiJoseDavon C

About the Constitution • describes the structure of the government

and the rights of the American people.• No law may be passed that contradicts its

principles• no person, or the government, is exempt

from following it.• "supreme law of the land".

About the Constitution

The Constitution is organized into three parts:• 1. Preamble describes the purpose of the document

and government• 2. Articles establish how the government is

structured and how the Constitution can be changed. There are seven articles

• 3. Amendments changes to the Constitution; the first ten are called the Bill of Rights

Principles of Constitution

1. Popular Sovereignty

2. Separation of Powers

3. Checks and Balances

4. Limited Government

5. Federalism

1.Popular Sovereignty

• People Rule

• People’s choice

2.Separation of Powers

• Powers in government are divided between the 3 branches

• Executive – enforces the laws

• Legislative – makes the laws

• Judicial – interprets the laws

Legislative Branch• Created in Article I

• Congress is the lawmaking branch

• Made up of 2 houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives

Powers of the Legislative

Branch

• Makes the laws• Confirms presidential

appointments• Approves treaties• Grants money• Declares war

Executive Branch• Created in Article II

• Executes the country’s laws

• Headed by the President

Powers of the Executive Branch

• Proposes laws• Approves or vetoes laws• Administers and executes

the laws• Commands the armed

forced• Appoints ambassadors,

federal judges and others• Conducts foreign policy• Makes treaties

Judicial Branch• Created in Article III• Interprets laws and

punishes lawbreakers• Supreme Court is the

head of the judicial branch

Powers of the Judicial Branch

• Interprets the Constitution and other laws

• Reviews lower court decisions

3.Checks and Balances

• System by which one branch checks the other

• This prevents one branch from becoming too powerful or abusing their power

Executive checks

• Congress• Veto laws• Recommend

laws• Appoint federal

officials• Negotiate

treaties

• Court

• Grant pardons

• Appoint judges

Legislative checks

• Executive• Override veto• Reject treaties• Impeach• Reject pres.

Appointments• Reject treaties

• Court

• Propose amendments to overturn court decision

• Reject pres. appointments

Judicial checks

• Executive

• Decide if pres. Actions are constitutional

• Interpret treaties

• Congress

• Decide if laws are constitutional

Checks and Balances

• Is this system necessary?

• Does this system slow down the process of government?

• Does one branch seem to have more power than the others?

Aim: Who has the power in American government?

• Do Now: take out your handouts on Federalism and the 3 branches

4. Limited Government

• Restrict the power of the government

• individuals’ rights protected

• Less is more

5.Federalism

• How power is divided between national, state and local governments–Delegated powers – national

government–Reserved powers – state

governments–Concurrent powers – both national

and state

Federalism

The division of power between the national government and the governments of the 50

states.

Delegated/Enumerated Powers

National Government

• Give the federal government strength to protect and serve the country.

• -Coin money• -Declare war• -Admit new states• -Establish armed

forces• -Regulate patents and

copyrights• -Regulate foreign trade

Concurrent Powers Both National and

State Governments

Held by both state and federal governments

• -Collect taxes

• -Enforce laws

• -Borrow money

• -Establish courts

• -Provide for the general welfare

Reserved Powers

State Governments

Kept for the states to manage their own affairs and to

balance the power of the federal government.

• -Regulate intrastate commerce (trade)

• -Conduct elections• -Incorporate businesses• -Voter qualifications• -Establish local governments• -Regulate school• -Conduct Elections• -Establish marriage laws• -Assume powers not given to

the national government and not denied to the states

• -Protect the health, safety and welfare of the people.

Aim: How does the Constitution define our rights?

Constitution Scavenger hunt

•In groups of 4

•Find the items on your list in the Constitution

•Make sure to write down which part of the constitution they are in

• Which of these things do you believe should have been included in the Constitution? Why?

Aim: Has the Constitution set reasonable goals for the U.S.?

• Do Now: Define – federalism

The Constitutional Preamble

Outlines the goals of the government that it created

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nWe the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect union

To create a better

government than that

provided by the Articles

of Confederatio

n

By creating a policy making

executive branch and by

giving Congress the power to tax,

the new Constitution avoided the

worst difficulties of the Articles of Confederation

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nEstablish Justice To make laws

and establish a fair court

system

The Constitution created the

U.S. Supreme court and the

judiciary Act of 1789 created the rest of the federal court

system

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nInsure Domestic

tranquilityTo maintain

law and order at home

The federal government shares with

state governments

the task of maintaining

law and order at home.

Together they are responsible

for enforcing laws.

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nProvide for the

common defense

To protect the nationagainst its enemies

The Constitution authorized Congress to

create an army and a navy.

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nPromote the

general welfareTo ensure the well

being of the entire

population

Over time, the U.S.

government has given all citizens the

right to vote.

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nAnd secure the

blessings of liberty to

ourselves and to our posterity

To safeguard people’s personal freedom

The Bill of Rights

Goals of the Preamble

What it means

Where it is found in

the Constitutio

nDo ordain and establish this

Constitution for the United States of America.

Create this form of

government for the

country.

Rank these rights

privacy voteTrial ReligionTravel freely SpeechSelf-incrimination PressBear Arms Cruel and unusual punishmentLegal counselAssemble peacefully

Aim: How does the Bill of Rights define our rights?

The Bill of RightsThe 1st Ten Amendments

to the Constitution

The First Amendment5 Protected Freedoms

• Freedom of Speech• Freedom of Religion • Freedom of the

Press• Freedom of

Assembly• Right to petition the

governmenthttp://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/iu6be8/the-correspondents-explain---amendments---the-1st-amendment

2nd AmendmentRight to bear arms

• “A well-regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to bear arms shall not be infringed.”http://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/0h2gdn/the-correspondents-explain---ame

ndments---the-2nd-amendment

What is the debate with the right to bear arms?

• How much can the government keep guns from criminals and youth?

• In order to keep guns away from criminals, does that limit the right of law abiding citizens?

3rd Amendment• The

Government cannot force

you to shelter soldiers in your home without

your consent in time of war or

peace.

Rights of the Accused

Amendments #4-8Important to preserve freedom

4th Amendment• What does a

policeman need in order to search your home? – A warrant

given to him by a judge

– Probable cause is also needed

5th Amendment• You cannot be tried for the same crime

twice—called “Double Jeopardy”• You do not have to testify against your

self. “I plead the fifth”• You must have due process of law

before you are convicted• The government cannot take your land

unless it pays. (eminent domain)

6th Amendment•Right to

speedy trial by impartial jury—meaning not favoring either side

http://thedailyshow.cc.com/videos/uha0rs/the-correspondents-explain---amendments---the-6th-amendment

• You must be told of charges

• You must be provided a lawyer if you cannot afford one

7th Amendment• Allows a jury trial in

Civil Cases when the amount disputed is more than $20.

8th Amendment• No

excessive bail

• No cruel and unusual punishment

Process for Amending the Constitution

•Action by Congress or Convention

(2/3 of Congress)

•Ratification by the states

(3/4 of States)

Eleventh Amendment (1795)

Clarifies judicial power over foreign nationals, and limits ability of

citizens to sue states in federal courts and under federal law.

Twelfth Amendment (1804)

Changes the method of presidential elections so that members of the electoral college cast separate ballots for president and vice

president

Thirteenth Amendment (1865)

Abolishes slavery and grants Congress power to enforce abolition.

Fourteenth Amendment (1868):

Defines United States citizenship; prohibits states from abridging citizens' privileges or immunities

and right to due process and the equal protection of the law; repeals the three-fifths

compromise.

Fifteenth Amendment (1870)

Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's

race, color, or previous status as a slave as a qualification for voting.

Sixteenth Amendment (1913)

Authorizes unapportioned federal taxes on income.

Seventeenth Amendment (1913)

Establishes direct election of senators.

Eighteenth Amendment (1919)

Prohibited the manufacturing, importing, and

exporting of beverage alcohol.

Repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment.

Nineteenth Amendment (1920)

Prohibits the federal government and the states from using a citizen's sex

as a qualification for voting

Twentieth Amendment (1933)

Changes details of Congressional and presidential terms and of presidential succession.

Twenty-first Amendment (1933)

Repeals Eighteenth Amendment but permits states to retain prohibition and ban the importation of alcohol.

Twenty-second Amendment (1951)

Limits president to two terms.

Twenty-third Amendment (1961)

Grants presidential electors to the District of Columbia.

Twenty-fourth Amendment (1964)

Prohibits the federal government and the states from requiring the payment of a tax as a qualification for voting for federal officials.

Twenty-fifth Amendment (1967)

Changes details of presidential succession, provides for temporary removal of president, and provides

for replacement of the vice president.

Twenty-sixth Amendment (1971)

Prohibits the federal government and the states from using an age

greater than 18 as a qualification to vote.

Twenty-seventh Amendment (1992)

Limits congressional pay raises.

•Constitution Search

Aim: What do I need to know for the Test?

• HW: Study for Exam # 1