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![Page 1: Performs the vital function of removing the organic waste products generated by cells throughout the body. –Regulates blood volume, pressure, and pH –Regulates.](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649da65503460f94a91d79/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
• Performs the vital function of removing the organic waste products generated by cells throughout the body.– Regulates blood volume, pressure, and pH– Regulates plasma concentration of ions– Conserving valuable nutrients– Excreting unnecessary waste (salts and
nitrogen)
The Urinary System (17.1)
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The Urinary System (17.2/10)
• Kidneys (17.3)– Filter urea out of the
blood– Control water
balance in the blood – Produce urine
• Ureters– Tubes that carry
urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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The Urinary System (17.10)
• Urinary Bladder– A flexible sack that
stores urine until excretion
• Urethra– A tube that exits
through male and female genitalia
– Expulses urine from the system
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Your kidneys are located higher than you may think… (17.2)
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Inside the kidney (17.2)
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How much urine is produced per day?
It varies depending on the following:• Quantity of water ingested
• Types of food ingested• Quantity of water eliminated through
perspiration• Level of physical activity• Ambient temperature
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Homeostasis of body water (17.4)
• Too little water Too much water
↓ blood volume ↑ blood volume
not enough blood
Tissues deprived of O2 and nutrients
↑ blood pressure
Heart attack, stroke, etc
DEATH DEATH
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How do the kidneys maintain homeostasis of body water?
(17.4)- EXCRETE wastes (eg. urea, uric acid)
- Selectively reabsorb (into the bloodstream) substances that are in short supply (eg. Water,
salts, sugar).
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Function of the Kidneys (17.3):
The main function of the kidneys is to filter blood and eliminate wastes
– Kidneys are selectively permeable: some substances pass through them, others do not
this allows the kidneys to filter the blood: unwanted material (waste) is kept inside
the kidney and disposed of through the ureters
wanted material remains in the bloodstream or is selectively reabsorbed into the bloodstream
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Selective reabsorption of water
• ADH (antidiuretic hormone) is released from the pituitary gland and travels through the blood to the kidney where it promotes water reabsorption, thus preventing its loss in the urine.
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Anatomy of the kidney (17.2)
• Renal artery: – Blood enters the kidneys here– Branches off to form renal arteriole which
leads blood into the nephron
• Renal vein– Receives purified/filtered blood from the
kidney
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Cross Section of a Kidney (17.2)
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Anatomy of the Kidney: - the nephron (17.3/5)
• where filtration occurs in the kidney
• each kidney contains nearly 1 million nephrons
• located in the outer layer (renal cortex) of the kidneys
• Consists of the glomerulus, the bowman’s capsule and the collecting tubules
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Anatomy of the Kidney:- the nephron (17.5)
• Glomerulus– Ball of vessels– Wastes, water and
minerals diffuse from the blood into:
• Bowman’s Capsule– Surrounds the glomerulus– Receives the diffused
material from the glomerulus
• Collecting tubule – Collects remaining waste
that was not reabsorbed in to blood
Proximal convoluted tubule
Distal convoluted tubule
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Where does the excretion of wastes and reabsorption of water occur? (17.8)
During this journey water is then reabsorbed, into
the renal venule
Wastes are excreted into Bowman’s capsule,
and continue into the collecting tubule
Bowman’s Capsule
Animation: http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf
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filtrate (water, salt)
BOWMAN’S CAPSULE
MEM
BRANE
BASEMENT
sand, salt, water
residue: sand
ultrafiltrate (water,salt, sugar, urea)
large molecules (proteins), salt,
sugar, urea, waterresidue:
large molecules (proteins)
PAPER
FILTER
ERLENMEYER FLASK
(17.6)
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Filtration Process (17.6)
1) Blood enters the kidneys through the renal arteries,
2) The renal arteries branch into smaller arterioles which bring blood to the nephron.
3) Inside the nephron, the arterioles branch into an even smaller ball of capillaries called the glomerulus.
4) Wastes, water and minerals diffuse from the capillaries (glomerulus) into Bowman’s capsule
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Filtration Process (17.6)
5) Necessary salts and water will re-enter the blood stream at the venules which flow into the renal vein and then the inferior vena cava.
6) The remaining waste passes through the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and DCT and is then collected in the collecting tubule
7) The collecting tubules empty into the ureter, which takes waste to the bladder where it is stored.
8) When the bladder becomes full it will send a signal to the brain.
9) The brain then sends a signal back to the bladder for the waste to be excreted out of the body through the urethra.
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Overview of the Urinary System
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Overview of the Urinary System