PERFORMANCE OF STRUCTURES:FROM RESEARCH TO DESIGN

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2002 STRUCTURES CONGRESS

April 4-6,2002Denver, Colorado

Presented byStructural Engineering Institute of ASCE

1801 Alexander Bell DriveReston,VA 20191

www.seinstitute.com

Structural Engineering Instituteoi the AmMcan Socmy of Ok* EngmMn

Special thanks to the following sponsors:Atkinson-Noland & Assoc.

Carter & BurgessCermak Peterka Petersen, Inc.Computers and Structures, Inc.

J.R. Harris & CompanyJVA,Inc.

KL&ALONCO, Inc.

Martin/Martin, Inc.Neujahr and Gorman, Inc.

Redwine-ReizianS.A. Miro Inc.

Simpson Strong-TieStructural Consultants, Inc.

Walter P. Moore and AssociatesZeiler-Pennock, Inc/OHA

UB/TIB Hannover 89123 326 869

American Societyof Civil Engineers

Contents

Track 1 Technical Sessions:

Computational Methods for Performance-Based Design

Performance-Based Design of Large-Span Dome Structures 1M.Ohsaki

Performance-Based Design of Long Span Bridges under Severe Wind Loading 3S. Hernandez and Jose A. Jvrado

Performance-Based Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures using Genetic Algorithms 5Hiroyuki Sugimoto and Tadatomo Watanabe

Performance-Based Design of Steel Building Frameworks under Seismic Loading 7D. E. Grierson and Y. Gong

Seminar: Advances in Software Development - The OpenSees Environment: Parts 1 & 2The OpenSees Software Framework for Earthquake Engineering Simulation 9Gregory L. Femes, Filip C. Filippou and Frank McKenna

High Performance Computing

The Reduction of Nonlinear Substructures Using Internal Ritz Vectors 11Graham C. Archer and Hung-Ming Chen

MIGI - A Concurrent Algorithm for the Dynamic Analysis of Structures 13Yunus Dere and Elisa D. Sotelino

Optimizing Seismic Response of Secondary Systems on Workstation Clusters ISA. Gupta, Prakash Kripakaran, Sujay Kumar and John Bough, Jr.

An internet-Enabled Software Framework for Collaborative Development of Structural Analysis Program 17Jun Peng and Kincho n. Law

Information Technology Education for the Future of the Profession

Software Engineering Option: University of Waterloo, Canada 19D. E. Grierson

IT Educational Needs for Civil Engineers 21Marc Hoit

What a Small Engineering Office Expects an Entry-Level Engineer to Know About Information Technology 23Paul A. dePaoli

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Persistent Knowledge through Fundamentals 25IanF.C. Smith

Practical Design Optimization Applications Using Genetic Algorithms

Application of the Improved Immune Algorithm to a Structural Design Support System 27Ayaho Miyamoto andHideaJti Nakamura

Conceptual Design of Structures using Multi-Criteria Adaptive Search 29Donald E Grierson andSiavash Khajehpour

Optimum Repair Level Considering LCC of RC Structures 31Manabu Matsushima, HiroshiSeki, Masaru Yokota and Hitoshi Furuta

Layout Optimization of Truss Structure Based on Concept of Cellular Automata 33Eisuke Kita and Tetsuya Toyoda

Lifetime Performance Prediction of Structural Systems and Optimal Maintenance Planning

Fragility Assessment of an Existing Concrete Gravity Dam for Postulated Natural Hazards 35Paulos B. Tekie and Bruce R Ellingwood

Proactive Management of Major Bridges by Health Monitoring 37Emin Aktan, Mesut Pervizpour, Kirk Grimmelsman, Joshua Curtis, Ray Barrish andXiaoli Qin

A Time-Dependent Reliability Approach to the Life Cycle Analysis of Miter Gates on Locks and Dams 39Allen C. Estes, Dan M. Frangopol and Stuart M. Foltz

Optimal Reliability-Based Life-Cycle Maintenance of Groups of Deteriorating Structures 41Jung S. Kong and Dan M. Frangopol

Life-Cycle Reliability Assessment of Steel Miter Gates in Fatigue 43Therese P. McAllister and Bruce R EllingwoodOur apologies to the authors for inadvertently omitting this paper from the 2001 Proceedings.

Recent Developments in Seismic Analysis of Bridge Substructures

Mononobe-Okabe method Revisited and Inertia Forces for the Design of Bridge Piers 49Arjuna Ranasinghe

Seismic Analysis and Design of Continuous Prestressed Concrete Bridges 51Joseph R Yost, Sawarng Ratanalert and Arjuna Ranasinghe

A New Numerical Method for Seismic Time History Response 53Edwin C. Rossow and Daesubb Oh

Seismic Analysis of Bridge Substructures Using AASHTO and AREMA Code Methods 55MohiuddinA. Khan

Analysis Methods & Results for Bridge/Soil Interaction

Site Specific Calibration of Foundation Design Models from Field Lateral Loading Tests onDeep Foundations 57Dan Brown

Foundation Design using FLPIER 59Hugh D.Ronald

Comparing Time Domain and Model Analysis methods for Bridge Piers 61M. E. Williams, M. I. HoitandC. Fernandes

Finite Element Simulation of Barge Impacts on Bridge Structures 63Gary R Consolazio and G. Benjamin Lehr

Smart Damping Systems for Civil Engineering Structures

Experimental Studies on the Smart Damping of Stay Cables 65R E. Christenson, B. F. Spencer and E. A. Johnson

Analytical Study of Sliding Isolated Buildings with Variable Dampers 67Satish Nagarqjaiah and Sanjay Sahasrabudhe

Torsional Response Control Using Smart Dampers 69Osamu Yoshida, Shirley J. Dyke, Kevin Z. Truman and LucaM. Giacosa

Semi-Active Friction Damper Placement in Buildings 71Genda Chen and Chaoqiang Chen

Base Isolation Systems for Near-Field Earthquakes

Base Isolated Bridges with Friction Bearings and Variable Dampers 73Satish Nagarqjaiah anti Sanjay Sahasrabudhe

'Smart' Base Isolation Strategies Employing Magnetorheological Dampers 75H. Yoshioka, J. C. Ramallo andB. F. Spencer, Jr.

Seismic Response Analysis of a Highway Overcrossing Equipped with Fluid Dampers 77Nicos Makris andJian Zhang

Experimental Evaluation of the Effects of Near-Field Earthquakes on Structures with AdaptiveBase Isolation Systems 79Michael D. Symans and Nat Wongprasert

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Track 2 Technical Sessions:Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Earthquake Loading: U.S. Japan Research Part I:

Evaluation of 3-D Effects on RC Structures under Seismic Loads 83Hikaru Nakamura, Shigehiko Saito and Takeshi Higai

Compression Field Modelling of Walls Subjected to Reversed Cyclic Loading 85Daniel Palermo and Frank J. Vecchio

Seismic Retrofitting of RC Double Column Bents Expressway 87WaelZatar, Hiroshi Mutsuyoshi, Keiji Watanabe and Atsushi Mori

Simple Sequentially-Linear Secant-Driven Models for Monotonic and Cyclic Loading 89Jan G. Rots

Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Earthquake Loads (2)

Analysis of Shell Structures Subjected to Cyclic Loading by lattice Equivalent Continuum Model 91Nattakorn Bongochgetsakul and Tada-aki Tanabe

Advanced Damage Modelling for Load Bearing Walls under Seismic Loading 93Jacky Mazars, Jean-marie Reynouard,Nnicolae-Ioan lie andAntonella Colombo

Constitutive and Computational Modelling of Concrete Structures under High-VelocityMissile Impact 95Joseph Y. R Rashid and Robert S. Dunham

FEM Based Limit State for 3D-RD Shells under Earthquake Loads - JSCE Recommendation(1999) for Underground LNG Storage Tanks 97K Maekawa, M. Harada, N. Kaizu, M Adachi and K. Miyamoto

Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Earthquake Loads (3)

Modeling the Response of RC-Beam-Column Joints 99Laura N. Lowes and Arash Altoontash

Seismic Large Scale Tests and Modeling of R/C Structures at the ELSA Laboratory 101Pierre Pegon

Analysis of RC Members Using Embedded Cracks 103Benjamin Spencer and P. Benson Shing

Proposal of the Hysteresis Loop for the Prestressed Concrete Box Girders 105Hisanori Otsuka, W. Yabuki, M. Tsunomoto and T. Tsutsumi

Topics in Structural Analysis

A New Finite Element for Large Displacement Inelastic Analysis of Frames 107Filip C. Filippou and Remo M. de Souza

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Sources of Inelastic Deformations in Moment Resisting Steel Frames 109Finley Charney and Marty Downs

Demand Modification Factors for Consistent Risk Building Design Using NonlinearTime History Analysis 111Sampson C. Huang, Matthew J. Skokan, Alexis Dumortier and Gary C. Hart

Evaluation of Modal Pushover Analysis: SAC Buildings Excluding Gravity Loads 113Anil K Chopra and Rakesh K Goel

Computational Evaluation of Wind Effects on Buildings

Numerical Evaluation of Wind Loads on Buildings with Upstream Complex Terrain 115G. T. Bitsuamlak, T. Stathopoulos andC. Bedard

Computational Fluid Dynamics and Physical Model Comparisons of Wind Loads andPedestrian Comfort around a High Rise Building 117Robert N. Meroney, David E. Neff, Cheng-Hsin Chang and Rani Pradoto

Flow Intermittency and Peak Pressures in Wind-Structure Interaction 119H. Hangan andS. Bekele

Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation of the Progress of Fires in Building Atria 121David Banks, Cheng-Hsin Chang and Robert N. Meroney

Rain and Wind Induced Vibration of Stays of Cable-Stayed Bridges

Evaluation of Mitigation Strategies for Stay-Cable Vibration 123Nicholas P. Jones and Joseph A. Main

Wind Tunnel Investigation of Inclined Stay-Cable Galloping 125Peter A. Irwin, Jonathan Lankin and Jason Garber

The Role of Rain for the Rain Induced Vibration -Based on Wind Tunnel and Field Test 127Masaru Matsumoto, Vomomi Yai and Seiichiro Sakai

jDesign Recommendations for the Mitigation of Stay Cable Vibration 129Sena Kumarasena

Case Studies of Wind-Induced Bridge Response

Predicted and Measured Response of a Cable Stayed Bridge 131Nicholas P. Jones andEnder Ozkan

Wind Resistant Design for Bridges with Non-Symmetrical Cross Section - A Case Study ofthe Charles River Bridge, Boston 133Theodore Zoli and Jiming Xie

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Consideration of Topographical Effects in the Design of Metsovitikos Bridge, Greece 135Stoyan Stoyanoff, Andrew Allsoop, Jason Garber and Mark Hunter

Critical Stages for Wind During Bridge Erection 137Hiroshi Tanaka

Effect of Thunderstorms and Tornadoes on Wind Loads

Meteorological 3-D Models of Thunderstorms and Tornadoes and Current Verification Data 139Joseph H. Golden

Physical Simulation of Thunderstorm Downbursts and Wind Loading on Buildings 141C. W. Letchford and M. T. Chay

ISU Tornado-Like Vortex Simulator for Assessment of Wind Loads 143Partha P. Sarkar and William A. Gallus, Jr.

The Climatology of Thunderstorms and Establishing Design Wind Speeds in Mixed Wind Climates 145Jon A. Peterka and John D. Holmes

Ask the Experts... Perception of Motion Criteria for Tall Buildings Subjected to Wind:A Panel Discussion

Ask the Experts... Perception of Motion Criteria for Tall Buildings Subjected to Wind:A Panel Discussion 147Robert McNamara, Ahsan Kareem and Tracy Kijewski

Ask the Experts... Vibration of Long Span Floors, Arenas, and Stadiums

Floor Vibration: Tales from the Trenches 149Linda M. Hanagan and Thomas M. Murray

Mitigation of Terrorist {Hazards

Innovative Cost-Effectivfe Wall/Window Retrofit to Resist Blast 151James W. Wesevich and Charles J. Oswald

Reinforced Concrete Column Retrofit Methods for Seismic and Blast Protection 153Kenneth B. Morrill, JohnE. Crawford and L. Javier Mahar

Blast Hazard Prediction for Masonry Walls 155Stanley C. Woodson, James T. Baylot, and Billy W. Bullock

Rational Design of Reinforced Concrete Columns Subject to Explosive Loading 157Mohammed M. Ettouney, Felix Wong, David Rubin and Ming Xie

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Track 3 Technical Sessions:

Current Developments in ASCE/SEI Standards

Developing Standards for the Evaluation and Rehabilitation of Existing Buildings 159Michael Valley

Wind Loads in ASCE 7 and Beyond 161Lawrence Griffis

ASCE/SEI 37-02 - Design Loads on Structures During Construction - The New Kid on the Block 163Robert Ratay

New National Masonry Code and Specification Documents 165Max L. Porter

New Code Developments for Structural Design

NFPA, NFPA 5000 & The Structural Requirements - The Ins and Outs 167Bonnie E. Manley

Impact of 2000IBC Ground Motion on the Design of Base Isolated Buildings 169Sampson C. Huang, Matthew J. Skokan, and Gary C. Hart

Application of AASHTO LRFD Specifications to the Rehabilitation of Bridges 171Bala Sivakumar

Determining Reliable Design Loads for Natural Phenomena 173Ross B. Corotis and Anne M. Dougherty

A Model for Seismic Standards and Codes of the Future 175Jim Harris

Designing Structures Internationally

Assessment of United States and Chinese Structural Design Codes for a 740 MegawattPulverized Coal Power Plant in the People's Republic of China (PRC) 177James Ryan, Charles Worthington, John Gruber and Farhad Farzam

Reliability-Based Assessment of Load Requirements in Structural Codes in Canada, Mexico andthe United States 179Bruce R. Ellingwood

Comparison of UBC and the Turkish Building Code 181Michael M. Chehab and Peter Carrato

Comparison of US and Mexican Seismic Codes 183Sanj Malushte and Mario Ordaz

Seminar: Concepts of Performance Based Structural Engineering - Parts 1 & 2Performance Based Earthquake Engineering 185Ronald O. Hamburger

Performance-Based Structural Engineering: A Review 187James Robert Harris

Quality Control of Structural Systems Using Nondestructive Testing

Infrared Thermography for FRP Bridge Deck Inspection 189P. A. Fuchs, G. A. Washer and S. B. Chase

Improving FRP Composite Products Through Field Testing 191Dan Richards

External Stirrups for Increasing the Shear Capacity of Cracked Precast PrestressedConcrete Box Beams 193Osman Hag-Elsafl, Ryan Lund and Sreenivas Alampalli

Long-Term Monitoring of Bridges in Connecticut for Performance Evaluation of Structures 195John T. DeWolf, Robert G. Lauzon, Yongda Fu and Timothy F. Fengyel

Monitoring the Dynamic Response of Tall Buildings using GPS

GPS for Monitoring the Dynamic Response of Tall Buildings 197Tracy Kijewski andAhsan Kareem

Dynamic Response Monitoring of Structures Using GPS 199Yukio Tamura, Akihito Yoshida, Ryukichi Ishibashi and Luisa-Carlotta Pagnini

Measurement of Vibrations of Tall Buildings with GPS 201Y. Q. Chen, D. F. Huang, X. L. Ding, Y. L. Xu andJ. M. Ko

GPS in Dynamic Monitoring of Long-Period Structures in Earthquake Country 203M CelebiandA. Sanli ,

Fatigue Evaluation and Repair

Fatigue Evaluation of Hybrid HPS for Bridges 205Al Ghorbanpoor and Dan Whittow

Restoring Fatigue Strength of Various Techniques to Repair Fatigue Cracks 207Robert J. Dexter, Robert J. FitzPatrick, David L. St. Peter, Paul M. Bergson and Justin M. Ocel

Remaining Fatigue Life of Highway Bridges 209J. Michael Stallings

Fatigue Evaluation of Riveted Steel Truss Bridges 211Y. Edward Zhou

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Bridge Load Rating through Field Load Testing

Field Test and Load Rating of a Concrete Encased Steel Girder Bridge 213Steven E. Huff, Michael J. Chajes and Harry W. Shenton III

Steel Bridge Testing in Alabama 215George H. Conner

Load Test and Rating of Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges 217Y. Edward Zhou

Topics in Performance Evaluation

The Interpretation of Data from Large Structures 219Alan P. Jeary

Field-Measured Response of a Noncomposite Steel Girder Bridge 221David V. Jduregui and Joseph A. Yura

What Happened? An Analysis of the Performance of Structures Before and During Failure 223Dave K Adams

Structural Health Monitoring

Overview of Structural Health Engineering 225Mohammed Ettouney and Sreenivas Alampalli

System Identification and Health Monitoring Using a Hybrid State Space / PhysicalParameter Approach 227Raimondo Betti, Hilmi Lus, Jun Yu and Maurizio DeAngelis

Chemistry and The Health of Reinforced Concrete 229Robert A. Walde

Fatigue Health of SteeKhaledM. Mahmoud

Bridges - An Investigation of Cracking Potentials Due to Microvoids 231

Track 4 Technical Sessions:

Steel Curved Girder Bridges: Design Provisions

LRFD Specification for Curved Steel Superstructure • 233John M Kulicki

Development of Unified Equations for Design of Curved and Straight Steel Bridge I Girders 235Donald W. White

Curved Steel Bridge Research Project Experimental Testing 237Joseph L. Hartmann and Daniel G. Linzell

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Reliability Based Calibration of the Code Provisions for Steel Curved Girder Bridges 239Andrzej S. Nowak and Aleksander Szwed

Steel Curved Girder Bridges: Erection

Correlation of Measured and Computed Dead and Live Load Stresses in a Steel Curved Girder Bridge 241Jerome F. Hajjar and Joel D. Ray

Construction Issues Examined in Association with the Curved Steel Bridge Research Project 243Daniel G. Linzell and Joseph Hartmann

Curved Steel Bridge Research in Canada 245KhaledSennah

Evaluation of Erection and Construction Procedures for a Steel Curved I-Girder Bridge 247Brandon W. Chavel and Christopher J. Earls

Innovations in Steel Bridge Design

Investigating Design Economy of Slab-on-Stringer Bridges using High Performance Steel 249BethF. Clingenpeel and Karl E. Barth

Construction and Performance of a Post-Tensioned Steel Bridge 251MarkD. Bowman andHung-I Wu

Innovative Bridge Girder Concepts for High Performance Steel 253Richard Sause, Hassan Abbas andBong-Gyun Kim

Behavior and Design of High Performance Steel Elements

High Performance Steel Beam and Girder Ductility 255Christopher J. Earls

Specification Provisions tfbr Net-Section Behavior of Tensile Elements 257Robert J. Dexter and Christopher Gardner

Influences on the Behavior of HPS Flexural Members 259Perry S. Green, Richard Sause and James M. Rides

Shear Strength and Moment-Shear Interaction in HPS Hybrid I Girders 261Donald W. White, Michael G. Barker and Atorod Azzizinamini

US-Japan Research Program on Composite and Hybrid Structures: Research on Composite Systems

Seismic Design and Performance Assessment of Composite Steel-Concrete Moment Frames 263Paul P. Cordova and Gregory G. Deierlein

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Analytical Studies of Concrete Filled Tube Composite Column MRFs under EarthquakeLoading Conditions 265James Rides, Richard Sause, Ricardo Herrera and Larry Fahnestock

Experimental and Analytical Studies of RC and SRC Shear Walls 267John W. Wallace, Kutay Orakcal and Brian L. Sayre

Cyclic Behavior of Composite Steel Frame-Reinforced Concrete Infill Wall Structural System . 269Xiangdong Tong, Jerome F. Hajjar, Arturo E. Schultz and Carol K Shield

Seminar: Structural Steel DesignPre-detailing Conferences for Improving Communication on Steel Construction Projects 271JackE. Peter sen

The March 2000 AISC Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges:A Structural Engineer's View 273D. Kirk Harmon

Steel Joist - To Design or Not to Design - That is the Question! 275David I. Ruby

Seminar: Light Gage Steel DesignMost Common Questions Asked About the AISI Specification 277Larry Williams

Code Updates: Prescriptive and Performance Design (IBC, IRC & NFPA) 277Larry Williams

Residential Construction Detailing 277Larry Williams

The Mechanics of Steel Moment Connections

Unified Design ofFlush and Extended Moment End-Plate Connections 279W. Lee Shoemaker, ffatrick N. Toney, Emmett Sumner and Thomas M Murray

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Curvature Ductility and Steel Moment-Resistant Connections 281J. Kent Hsiao and Janice J. Chambers

Micromechanical Models for Predicting Ductile Crack Initiation in Metals 283Amit Kanvinde, Gregory G. Deierlein and Wei-Ming Chi

Load Transfer Mechanisms in Welded Steel Moment Connections 285Bozidar Stojadinovic andSubhash C. Goel

Achieving Low Floor-to-Floor Heights in Steel Buildings

Achieving Low-Floor-to-Floor Heights in Steel: Systems and Case Studies 287Tom Faraone

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Design, Modeling and Construction of Staggered Truss Steel Building 289Neil Wexler, Ashraf Habbibulah and Steve Powell

Performance of Sign and Signal Support Structures

Fatigue Damage in Cantilevered Traffic Signal Structures 291H. R Hamilton III and J. A. Puckett

Fatigue Design Loads for Non-Cantilevered Support Structures 293Ramy S. Abdalla and James S. Davidson

Fatigue Evaluation of Full-Span VMS/CMS Support Structures Subjected to SimulatedTruck-Induced Gusts and Natural Wind Turbulence 295Christopher M. Foley and Scott Ginal

Fatigue-Resistant Design of Cantilevered Signal, Sign and Light Supports 297Robert J. Dexter and Matthew J. Ricker

AISC LRFD Manual and Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: New Provisions andFuture Directions

AISC Specifications for Structural Steel Buildings: Current Trends and Future Directions 299Stanley D. Lindsey

AISC LRFD Specification for Structural Steel Buildings: Highlights and New Provisions of the1999 Specification 301Cynthia J. Lanz

An Overview of the 3rd Edition AISC LRFD Manual of Steel Construction 303Charles J. Carter and Heath E. Mitchell

Track 5 Technical Sessions:

Overview of Major NEES Installations for Structural Engineering

Synopsis of the Construction Status of the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for EarthquakeEngineering Simulation 305Thomas L. Anderson, JoyM. Pauschke andPriscilla P. Nelson

Development of a Multiple Shake Table Research Facility 307Ian Buckle, Ahmad Itani, Emmanuel Maragakis, Mehdi Saiidi and David Sanders

Versatile Shake Tables and Large-Scale High-Performance Testing Facility TowardsReal-Time Hybrid Seismic Testing 309Michel Bruneau, Andrei Reinhorn, Michael Constantinou, S. Theva Thevanayagam,Andrew Whittaker, Shih-Yu Chu, Mark Pitman and Kurt Winter

Fast Hybrid Test Platform for the Seismic Performance Evaluation of Structural Systems 311P. Benson Shing and Enrico Spacone

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A System for Multi-Axial Subasssemblage Testing (MAST): Initial Developments 313Jerome F. Hajjar, Catherine W. French, Arturo E. Schultz, Carol K Shield, Douglas W. Ernie,Robert J. Dexter, DavidH.-C. Du, and Paul M. Bergson

The CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project

CUREE - Caltech Woodframe Project - Overview 315John F. Hall

CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project-Element 1 - Testing and Analysis Program 317Andre Filiatrault, Chia-Ming Uang, Frieder Seible

CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project-Element 2 - Northridge Earthquake Field Investigations:Damage to Residential Woodframe Projects 319G.GSchierle

CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project-Element 3 - Preliminary Recommendations for Codes,Standards and Guidelines 321Kelly Cobeen, James E. Russell andJ. Daniel Dolan

CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project-Element 4 - Building-Specific Seismic Vulnerability andLoss Estimation for Woodframe Structures 323Keith Porter, Charles R Scawthorn and James L. Beck

CUREE-Caltech Woodframe Project-Element 5 - Education and Outreach 325Jill Andrews

Wood Engineering Research Needs for Effective Building Codes

Filling the Building Code Versus Reality Gap in an Era of Change with Fire Research 327Steven M Cramer and Robert White

Wind Resistance of Light-Frame Wood Structures: A Historical Perspective Based on Field andLaboratory Testing 329Timothy Reinhold, Elizabeth Judge and Edward Sutt

IWood Engineering Research Needs for Effective Building Codes - Seismic Provisions 331Kelly Cobeen, James E. Russell and J. Daniel Dolan

Codifying Relative Hazard 333Bradford K Douglas

Behavior of Light-Frame Wood Wall Systems

Behavior and Reliability of Light-Frame Wood Wall Systems 335William Bulleit, David Rosowsky, Wei Chiang Pang, andGuangren Yu

Anchorage and Aspect Ratio Effect on Shear Wall Performance 337J. Daniel Dolan and Alexander Salenikovich

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Inter-Story Shear Transfer in Wood-Frame Buildings 339Kenneth Fridley, Thaddeus Ryan, David Pollock and Rafik Itani

Seismic Reliability Estimates Using a Wood Shear Wall Model 341John W. van de Lindt and Matthew A. Walz

Advanced Composites in Timber Bridges

Development of AASHTO Specifications for FRP-Reinforced Glulams Bridges 343H. J. Dagher

FRP-Glulam-Concrete Bridge Girders with Partial Composite Action 345William G. Davids, Craig Weaver and Habib J. Dagher

Long Term Durability of Structural Composite Lumber in Bridge Applications 347Eric C. Johnson,andNur Yazdani

Performance of Reinforced Glulam Vehicular Pier 349Melanie M. Bragdon andH. J. Dagher

Applications of Recent Research Innovations in Concrete Bridge Design

Innovative Bridge Applications in Florida 351Thomas E. Beitelman and Dongzhou Huang

A New Debonded Shear Key System for Composite Bridge Concrete Girders 353Sameh S. Badie and Maker K Tadros

Key Issues in Substructure Design of Tall Curved Continuous Bridges 355Abhay P. Thorat andRqfail Veksler

Application of Fiber Reinforced Concrete in the End Zones of Precast Prestresssed Bridge Girders 357SaifHaroon and Nur Yazdani

Causes and Control of transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decksi

Transverse Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks 359Catherine W. French, Jerome F. Hajjar, Laurice J. Eppers and Quoc Le

Investigation of Cracking in Concrete Bridge Decks at Early Ages 3 61Mohsen A. Issa

Investigation of Transverse Bridge Deck Cracking 363Robert J. Frosch, Roger D. Radabaugh and David T. Blackman

Transverse Deck Cracking: Effect of Structural Design Factors 365M. Ala Saadeghvaziri, Rambod Hadidi and Thomas C. T. Hsu

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Seminar: Wood DesignDesign of Wood Shear Walls with Openings 367DouglasS. Thompson

Considerations in Wind Design of Wood Structures 369Bradford K Douglas and Scott Lockyear

Segmented Wood Shear Wall Design 371Ronald F. "Rawn" Nelson

Seminar: Concrete DesignA New Generation of International Simplified Design Standards for Reinforced Concrete 373Luis E. Garcia

Recent Trends for the Evaluation of Time Dependent Deformation of Composite and ReinforcedConcrete Members 375A. K Abdelrazaq, W. F. Baker, D. Jajich, L. Novak and J. Pawlikowski

Transfer of Large Forces Through Diaphragms 377Koz Sowalt, Carol Post and Faz Ehsan

Design of Reinforced Concrete Shearwalls for Seismic and Nonseismic Loading

Three Dimensional Structural Analysis for Shear Wall Design Forces 379AshrqfHabibullah

High Rise Shearwall Analysis, Design & Constructibility Guidelines 381David G. Kittridge

Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete Shear Walls 383S. K Ghosh

Seismic Design of Precast Concrete Structuresi

Seismic Design Provisions for Precasst Concrete Structures in U.S. Codes and Standards: Past andCurrent Developments 385S. K Ghosh and Neil M. Hawkins

Seismic Design Provisions for Precast Concrete Structures in U.S. Codes and Standards:Developments Underway 387NeilM. Hawkins andS. K Ghosh

The Design of Precast Concrete Structures for Seismic Forces Employing Current Practice 389Thomas J. D'Arcy

Seismic Design Provisions for Precast Concrete Structures: Developments Outside the U.S. 391NedM. Cleland

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Track 6 Technical Sessions:

Advances in the Analysis of Tall Buildings

Recent Trends in Computer Applications for Highrise Building Analysis and Design 393Ahmad K Abdelrazaq, William F. Baker, Lawrence Novak and James Pawlikowski

Analysis of a High Rise Building with Fluid Viscous Dampers Deployed in a ToggleBrace Configuration 395FinleyA. Charney

Nonlinear Analysis of High-Rise Concrete Shear Wall Buildings 397John Tessem

Modelling Tall Buildings for Wind Excitation 399MortezaA. M. Torkamani andJoo-Woo Kim

Super Tall Buildings

Some Historical Approaches to Super-Tall Towers: Mere Flights of Fancy? 401Elizabeth C. English

Design of Super-Tall Buildings in Hong Kong - The Challenges and 2 Case Studies 403Roy Denoon and Andrew Allsop

Super-Tall Apartment Towers and the Vented Facade 405W. H. Melbourne andM Eddy

Engineering Dreams and Pragmatism: a History of Ultra-Tall Buildings at SOM 407Robert Sinn and Shane McCormick

Some Personal Observations on the Development of Motion Comfort Criteria 409Daryl Boggs

Milwauke Art Museum

The Milwaukee Art Museum Masterpiece Designed by Santiago Calatrava, The SecondLeonardo Da Vinci 411David Kahler

The Milwaukee Art Museum Addition - The Analysis and Design of The Pavilion and TheMovable Burke Brise Soleil 413Loei Badreddine

Design Considerations of the Milwaukee Art Museum Addition's Cable Stayed Pedestrian Bridge 415Kevin Wood

The Milwaukee Art Museum: The Unique Construction Challenges Behind a World Class Facility 417Steve Chamberlin

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Structural Design for Cladding Systems

Structuring Glass Spaces with Non-Linear Elements: Current SOM Projects 417Charles Besjak, William Baker, and Shane McCormick

Seismic Damage Mitigation Methods for Architectural Glass Used in Curtain Walls 421Ali M. Memari, Richard A. Behr, and Paul A. Kremer

Common Problems in Cladding Systems - Repair and Design Solutions 423Ian R Chin

Design and Detailing of Advanced Glass Walls in the United States 425Christian Stutzki and Bill J. Jansen

The Design of the Denver International Airport: An Interdisciplinary Case Study

Tensile Enclosure Structures for the Denver Airport and Beyond 427Horst Berger

Tensile Architecture - A More Sustainable Building Form 429James H. Bradburn

Use of Scale Model and Computational Techniques to Predict Wind and Snow Loading 431Peter A. Irwin

Denver International Airport Tensile Roof Case Study - The Fabrication and Construction Process 433Martin I. Brown

Structural Considerations of Flexible Glass Walls

A Cable-Net Wall in Chicago 435Joseph Burns and Will Shepphird

Cable Supported Glass; Walls 437Tim Macfarlane S

Constructing the Ephemeral Glass Considerations in Cable Net Walls 439James Carpenter

Flexible Glass Walls: the Now, the New and the Next 441Andrew J. Hall and Chris H. Luebkeman

Topics in Passive and Active Control of Structures

Design Parameters for Structures with RADAS Devices 443Wenshen Pong, B. J. Chen and C. S. Tsai

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Passive Verses Active Control of Floor Vibrations 445Linda M. Hanagan

Effect of Pier Flexibility on Seismic Isolation of Highway Bridges 447S. W. Park, H. Ghasemi, W. P. Yen andJ. D. O'Fallon

Reduction of Seismic Structural Responses using Spring Elements and Viscodampers 449Peter Nawrotzki

Fire Ratings of Special Structures

Design of Light Weight Structures During Fire 451Mick Green and Adam Monaghan

SAFIR Numerical Simulations of Steel Frames under Fire Exposure 453VenkateshK R. Kodur, Farid Alfawakhiri and Mohamed Sultan

GLA Headquarters London - Application of Time-Equivalent AnalysisTime Equivalence - potential for reducing fire protection. Limitations, appropriate applications 455George Fatter

Obtaining an Underwriters Laboratories Fire Resistance Rating for a Floor-Ceiling Assembling Using aFinite Difference Heat Transfer Model 457Sean P. Hunt and Richard Gewain

Fire Engineering of Steel Structures

High Rise Steel Frame Buildings in Fire - Is Performance Based Design the Way Forward? 459Peter Bressington, Barbara Lane, Jim Quiter, Brian Meacham

Full-Scale Fire Test of a Four-Story Steel-Framed School in Gurun, Kedah Malasia 461S. H. Tapsir and S. Z. Zainudin

Thickness Determination for Spray-Applied Fire Resistive Materials 463John L. Ruddy

Seminar: Masonry DesignBracing Concrete Masonry Walls During Construction 465Dennis W. Graber

Crack Control for Concrete Masonry Walls 467Dennis W. Graber

Inspection of Concrete Masonry Wall Construction 469Dennis W. Graber

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Seminar: Foundation DesignDo House Foundations Need Structural Engineering? 471Patrick R McCormick

Repair of Deteriorated Timber Piles 473Craig E. Barnes

Foundation Design Using Common Sense 475James R Cagley

Track 7 Technical Sessions:

Developments in Dispute Resolution

Construction Conflicts - Wrestling a Pig in the Mud (How to Avoid Them and What to Do if you Don't) 477Kathleen M. J. Harmon and Bruce M. Stephan

Seminar: Business Practice; Registration & CertificationNon-Uniform Examination, Experience and Education for Structural Engineers 481WillistonL. Warren, IV

Certification of Structural Engineers: Does it Make Sense? 483Ronald O. Hamburger

Seminar: Wood DesignSeismic Design Provisions of the 2000 International Building Code and NFPA 500 Code 485Ronald O. Hamburger

Wind Provisions of the IBC 2000 487James M Delahay

ISeminar: Business Practice: Pricing Engineering ServicesPricing Structural Engineering Services - A Panel Discussion 489John G. Tawresey, Kenneth Gibble, William Fanning and Jim Bradburn

Seminar: Business Practice: Retaining StaffCreating an Effective Staff Retention Program 491Leigh A. Mires

Career Planning/Mentoring for Young Structural Engineers

Mentoring Techniques for Young Structural Engineers 493H. Richard Horn and Panel

xxii

Techniques for Producing Quality Work

Quality Control Processes for Structural Engineers Raymond F. Messer and Panel

World Trade Center: Rapid Response Team Report

WTC Emergency - Rapid and Detailed Evaluations of Building Damage by the Structural Engineers Association of NY 497 Guy Nordenson

Responding to the World Trade Center Emergency Daniel A. Cuoco

Major Structural Catastrophes - Can They Be Avoided?

Mechanics of a Failure Investigation Emmanuel Velivasakis

The Devil is in the Details: Lift Slab Construction David B. Peraza

A Holistic Point of View: Engineers Should Stay Involved fiom Project Inception to Finish for a Better "Productyy and in Order to Avoid Failures? 507 Merle Brander

Seminar: Making Rainmakers: Client Development - Part 1 and Part 2 Professional Services Marketing: Rainmaking - ClientIBusiness Development and Marketing Skills for Young Professionals 509 Carol D i t c h

Indexes

. Author Index