Performance of CFRP Under Real Fire
Transcript of Performance of CFRP Under Real Fire
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Tim Stratford
Jian-fei ChenMartin Gillie
The University of Edinburgh
The Performance ofCFRP Strengthening
During a Real Fire
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
BackgroundCarbon fibre reinforced polymer
(CFRP) strengthening
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Background
Example applications of Carbon Fibre ReinforcedPolymer (CFRP) strengthening systems
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Background
Concrete substrate
Bonding adhesive
Carbon fibre
(preformed plate or wet lay-up)
Finish (coating resin etc)
Tg
= 65 - 100C
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Background
Preformed CFRP plate
Tg of resin 250C (?)
Bonding adhesive
Tg 65 to 100C (?)
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Concrete Society Technical Report 55:
Fire protection.
Regulations may require the application of an
over-coat layer, which has been tested on the
fully-cured composite system
Unless a rigorous analysis is undertaken it is
sensible to neglect the strengthening from FRPin fire situations.
Background
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Background
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Structural alterations
FRP carrying permanent load, and must carry load during fire
Background
Fire protection?
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Background
Dalmarnock compartment fire tests
Unique opportunity to assess CFRP
Strengthening in a Real Fire
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Installation of
Strengthening
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I t ll ti
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
InstallationWINDOW
FRP plate 11180
1360
1560
1940
2190
2420
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
Intumescent
Intumescent
Unprotected
Unprotected
Gypsum Board
Gypsum Board
x
y
I t ll ti
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation
PLATES NSM
Intumescent
Un
protected
Gyproc
In
tumescent
U
nprotected
G
yproc
I t ll ti FRP Pl t
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation FRP Plates
I t ll ti FRP Pl t
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Installation FRP Plates
Medium Modulus (MM) CFRP plate, 100x1.2mm.
2-part ambient cure epoxy adhesive.
Installation FRP Plates
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation FRP Plates
Installation FRP Plates
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation FRP Plates
Installation NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Near-surface mounted FRP strengthening:
bonded into a groove cut into the concrete soffit
Industry perception: better fire performance.
Installation NSM FRP
Installation NSM FRP
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Installation NSM FRP
Installation NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation NSM FRP
Installation NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation NSM FRP
Installation NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Installation NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Gypsum board
2 layers of 12mm board+ intumescent sealer
(Designed system)
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Experimental Setup
Strain gauges, Thermocouples
WINDOWy
Experimental Setup
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
1180
7Pt 7Mt
5Pt*
4Pt
3Pt
6Pt
5Mt
6Mt
4Mt
3Mt
2Pt 2Mt
1360
1560
1940
2190
2420
x
7Nt
6Nt*
4Nt
4Qt*
4Rt
3Nt
5Nt
2Nt
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM 1
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
Experimental Setup
Thermocouples
in FRP bondline
WINDOWy
Experimental Setup
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
FRP plate 11180
750 750
7P 7M
5P
4P
3P
6P
5M
6M
4M
3M
2P 2M
1360
1560
1940
2190
2420
FRP NSM 1
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
x
7N
(Dead Gauge)
4N
3N
5N
2N
Experimental Setup
Strain gauges on FRP
plates (bonded side)
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Other instrumentation:
-gauges on top of slab
-gauges on top of slab
-gauges againstadjoining wall
Thermocouples throughslab depth
Thermocouples within
compartment (gas phase)
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Results
Results
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Results
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Gas-phase temperatures
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0 5 10 15 20
Time (mins)
Temperatu
re(C)
TC-12-2
TC-14-2
TC-17-2
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
Results
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
ResultsUnprotected FRP Plate
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Fibres on floor (resin burnt off)
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
ResultsIntumescent + FRP Plate
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Mostly debonded.Resin mostly burnt off.
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
ResultsGypsum board + FRP Plate
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Gypsum board intact.Plate and adhesive visually sound.
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
ResultsUnprotected NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Bonding adhesive burnt awayfrom beneath and to sides,
leaving fibre in FRP exposed.
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
ResultsIntumescent + NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Intumescent layer intact;FRP and adhesive in place.
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
ResultsGypsum board + NSM FRP
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Gypsum board sound.FRP and adhesive visually sound.
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
Results
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
FRP Plates Bondline Temperatures
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (mins)
Temperat
ure(C)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
Results
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
NSM FRP Bondline Temperatures
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (mins)
Temperat
ure(C)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
Results
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NSM FRP Bondline Temperatures
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (mins)
Temperature(C)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
FRP Plates Bondline Temperatures
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (mins)
Tempera
ture(C)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
Temperatures >> Tg in all tests.
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Results
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
NSM Plates - Central Strain Gauge Readings
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Strain(strain)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
WINDOW
FRP plate 1
FRP NSM
FRP plate 2
FRP NSM 2
FRP plate 3
FRP NSM 3
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Results
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
NSM Plates - Central Strain Gauge Readings
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Strain(strain)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
NSM Plates - End Strain Gauge Readings
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Time (min)
Strain(strain)
Unprotected
Intumescent
Gypsum Board
Strains indication of catastrophic failureNB: - Corrected for temperature effects using T.C. data.
- All strains are the result of thermal effects: no applied load.
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Ongoing work and
Conclusions
Ongoing Work
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Further analysis of complete strain and
thermal dataset
Characterisation of properties of materials used
Modelling of composite strengthened slab
(thermal strains in concrete)
Thermal analysis
Conclusions
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
During a real fire, the glass transition temperature
of the adhesive is exceeded.
Gypsum board can be used to insulate the FRP,
but further research is required before it can
be reliably designed
The integrity of NSM strengthening is superior
to plate FRP strengthening during a fire.
Acknowledgements
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The Performance of CFRP Strengthening During a Real Fire
Concrete Repairs Ltd
BASF Construction