Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities of Nicaraguan Livestock Production (ENG)
-
Upload
shadi-azadegan -
Category
Business
-
view
539 -
download
2
Transcript of Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities of Nicaraguan Livestock Production (ENG)
PERFORMANCE, CHALLENGES
AND OPPORTUNITIES OF
NICARAGUAN LIVESTOCK
PRODUCTION
MSc Ariel J. Cajina L.
August, 2013
Managua, Nicaragua
Characterization of Nicaraguan
Livestock Production
Nicaraguan livestock production is based on
dual-purpose production systems.
• More specialized livestock production
systems existed between 1960-70 than
are currently in place.
• More than 95% of meat and milk
production comes from dual-purpose
livestock farms.
Livestock Farm Sizes (IV
CENAGRO)
Livestock Farm Sizes Total Livestock
Farms
Bovines
Livestock Farms Amount
In the Country 262,544 136,687 100% 4,136,422 100%
From 0.5 Mzs a Menos 31,804 5,183 3.8 22,217 0.5
From 0.51 to 1 Mz 16,676 3,286 2.4 13,812 0.3
From 1.01 to 2.5 mzs 38,215 10,009 7.3 42,507 1.0
From 2.51 to 5 mzs 35,672 13,785 10.1 71,996 1.8
From 5.01 to 10 mzs 33,686 17,768 13.0 128,631 3.1
From 10.01 to 20 mzs 29,881 20,292 14.8 223,784 5.4
From 20.01 to 50 mzs 37,440 30,869 22.6 673,738 16.3
From 50.01 to 100 mzs 21,238 19,053 13.9 850,502 20.6
From 100.01 to 200 mzs 10,911 9,995 7.3 818,552 19.8
From 200.01 to 500 mzs 5,468 5,041 3.7 789,839 19.1
From 500.01 to más 1,553 1,406 1.0 500,844 12.1
Livestock sector growth in
Nicaragua Growing in the humid zone where there is rainfall
9-10 months out of the year,◦ Deconcentration of meat and milk production
throughout the year. Desconcentración de la producción de carne y leche a lo largo del año. Calving is no longer focused solely at the start of the rainy season. It is now also focused near the end of the year and February in the humid zone.
◦ Livestock delivery for slaughter is more constant throughout the year.
◦ Growing in the humid zone results by default in better livestock nutrition. Feeding livestock during the dry season stops being a critical issue.
Growing in parts of the country where productive infrastructure (roads, electricity) is minimal.
Evolution of the Cattle Herd in
Nicaragua
Location of the Cattle Herd in
NicaraguaDepartamentos
Número de cabezas
de ganado bovino
Porcentaje
(%)
RAAS
1,128,311 27%
RAAN
466,263 11%
Chontales
409,482 10%
Matagalpa
380,574 9%
Río San Juan
291,524 7%
Boaco
259,656 6%
León
235,569 6%
Jinotega
197,992 5%
Chinandega
180,981 4%
Managua
131,891 3%
Estelí
108,415 3%
Nueva Segovia
98,507 2%
Rivas
86,542 2%
Madriz
52,981 1%
Granada
41,195 1%
Carazo
38,469 1%
Masaya
28,070 1%
TOTAL
4,136,422 100%
Fuente: IV Censo Nacional Agropecuario (CENAGRO) 2011.
Location of the Cattle Herd and
Milk Production in Nicaragua
Cattle Herd:
RAAS 27%
RAAN 11%
Chontales 10%
Matagalpa 9%
Río San Juan 7%
Boaco 6%
Sub-total 70%
Livestock resource availability in
Nicaragua. Evolution of the HerdHato Ganadero Extensión Densidad Hato Proyectado Densidad
2,001 Territorial Poblacional 2,011 Poblacional
cabezas km2 cabezas/km2 cabezas cabezas/km2
Dpto Matagalpa 259,336 6,702 39 449,034 67
Dpto Jinotega 120,413 9,263 13 277,890 30
Dpto Nueva Segovia 65,067 3,530 18 105,900 30
Dpto Madriz 36,351 1,712 21 51,360 30
Dpto Estelí 76,974 2,371 32 106,695 45
Dpto Chinandega 124,661 5,173 24 232,785 45
Dpto León 169,302 5,060 33 227,700 45
Dpto Managua 77,381 4,323 18 129,690 30
Dpto Carazo 28,878 1,066 27 47,970 45
Dpto Masaya 19,772 597 33 26,865 45
Dpto Granada 38,673 947 41 63,449 67
Dpto Rivas 71,339 2,156 33 97,020 45
Dpto Boaco 218,208 4,177 52 279,859 67
Dpto Chontales 324,318 6,483 50 434,361 67
Región RAAN 163,603 35,174 5 1055,220 30
Dpto Rio San Juan 169,634 7,473 23 411,015 55
Region RAAS 693,759 30,732 23 1690,260 55
2657,669 126,939 29 5687,073 47 1.64
Nicaragua in the international competitivity
context for low cost beef production
Beef production is forage-based; it possesses the base for profitable production
Improvement of productivity indicators opens a wide opportunity to improve profitability. Does not presuppose changes in livestock farming methods (increased costs of production) as in other countries.
The regional market lacking this product, as well as low domestic consumption levels, provide advantages for ensuring the required market opportunities to position national production.
Evolution of Beef Production in
Nicaragua
Evolution of Beef Yield in
Nicaragua
Development Axes of Livestock
Development in Nicaragua Improving marketing conditions of
livestock areas where product sales
are difficult and prices for farmers are
low.
Improve low levels of farm
productivity, once marketing issues
have been overcome.
Livestock Farming Issues in
Nicaragua
Only 30-40% of national milk
production has access to collection
centers (not all with refrigeration
capacity).
Milk collection infrastructure lacks of
an adequate refrigeration system.
Calves are marketed at very low
prices.
Productive infrastructure
(roads, electricity, etc.) is scarce in
Main milk and meat production
issues
Low levels of productivity
PARAMETER Current Figure Adequate
Calving rate(%) 52 85 Effective weaning(%) 48 82Calf mortality (%) 10 5Adult mortality (%) 2 1 Average slaughter age (years) 3.5 – 4 2.5-3Average slaughter weight (kgs) 400 430Lactation Duration (days) 210 310Milk/cow/day production (liters) 3.8 12
Importance of the Dairy Sector in
the Nicaraguan Economy◦ Sustained increase in exports. Dairy exports went from US$ 5
million in 2002 to US$ 140 million in 2011, and reached US$ 178
million in 2012.
◦ The dairy sector is the most dynamic in relation to exports.
◦ Strong impact in rural areas where poverty is concentrated.
◦ Strong livestock wealth distribution effect. The average livestock
farmer sells 18 gallons/day during the rainy season and 14
gallons/day during the dry season. The number of dairy farmers is
estimated to be over 120,000, which directly involves a population
of approximately 750,000.
◦ Sustainable income in the medium- to long-term for beneficiaries.
It is estimated that dairy prices will remain high, and although they
may decrease in the long term, they will not return to previous
years’ levels.
Nicaragua in the international
competitivity context for low cost
milk production
Nicaragua is one of the countries in Latin
America with the lowest product prices.
Prices to farmers of US$ 0.20 – US$ 0.42/
liter of milk. It is the lowest in Central and
Latin America.
Low cost milk production. It is one of the
most competitive countries. E.g. Increase in
milk sales as raw materials for the
Salvadorian dairy industry.
Milk Production and Collection
Capacity in Livestock Farming
Areas Milk Production: 1,200,000 liters/day
Collection and cooling capacity:
160,000 liters
Current Milk Collection Situation
MILK TRANSPORTATION TIME FROM FARMS TO
COLLECTION CENTERS (unrefrigerated)
TIME PERCENTAGE 2 hours or more 37.8%
1 – 2 hours 22.4%
31 – 60 minutes 23.5%
Under 30 minutes 8.1%
Source: Canislac, 2007.
Competitive Reconversion
Program for Cattle Farming in
Nicaragua Background
◦ Livestock development framework
between government institutions and
livestock sector organizations.
Current Situation
◦ Developing a Credit Program for
Sustainable Development with Banco
Produzcamos,
◦ Inventory of Livestock Projects, which
sum up to a preliminary estimate of over
US$ 150 million between 2008-2016
Competitive Reconversion Program for
Cattle Farming in Nicaragua
Start of Program development at
bankable levels. Resources are
secured.
National Plan of Livestock Research in
development for the Reconversion of
the Livestock Sector in Nicaragua.
Livestock models for production
intensification of Banco
Produzcamos
1) Establishing integrated farms with an average size of 25 hectares (ranging from 14 to 25 hectares) with a tendency towards milk production;
2) Establishing dual-purpose semi-stabled farms with an average size of 53 hectares (ranging from 25 to 70 hectares) tending towards milk production;
3) Establishing dual-purpose livestock farms tending towards high milk production, with an average size of 105 hectares (ranging from 75 to 140 hectares) with silvopastoral systems, and
4) Establishing integrated dual-purpose , high-productivity livestock farms with an average size of 245 hectares (ranging from 140 to 350 hectares) with a significant meat production component ( Establecimiento de fincas ganaderas de doble propósito integrales de alta productividad, con tamaños promedios de 350 mzs (rango de 200 a 500 mzs) con un componente cargado a la producción de carne (calf raising, development, and fattening).
Basic Elements for
Formulating Credit Projects
The base for livestock feed must be
grasses and fodder.
The country does not have new lands
to accomodate the traditional
horizontal expansion of livestock
farming.
Productive growth will be limited if
credit isn’t tied to technical assistance.
Livestock projects’ horizons must be
adapted to the biological productive
cycle
Investment Concepts in
Different Models (case I)
Conceptos de Inversión Total Monto %
Año 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Establecimiento de Pastos 1,224 1,224 1,224 1,224 1,224 6,120 24.23
Establecimiento de Forrajes 380 380 1.50
Establecimiento de Semilleros 260 260 1.03
Establecimiento de Banco Leguminosas 160 160 0.63
Establecimiento de Cercas Perimetrales 1,176 1,176 4.66
Compra de Semental 2,200 2,200 8.71
Establecimiento de Cercas Internas 2,204 2,204 8.73
Asistencia Técnica 240 240 0.95
Gastos Operativos 350 350 1.39
Arreglos Silvopastoriles 2,000 2,000 7.92
Cosecha de Aguas 880 880 3.48
Reforestación 1,000 1,000 2,000 7.92
Mejoramiento Condiciones de Ordeño 557 557 2.20
Galera Terneros 1,000 1,000 3.96
Utensilios de Ordeño 250 250 0.99
Enchape de Corrales 480 480 1.90
Biodigestores 2,000 2,000 7.92
Paneles Solares - 0
Equipos - 0
. Picadoras 1,000 1,000 3.96
.Bombas de Agua -
Sistemas de Riego 2000 2,000 7.92
Inversión Total del Modelo 4,040 6628 5141 5224 4224 0 0 0 0 0 0 25,257 100.00
16.00% 26.24% 20.35% 20.68% 16.72% 25,257 25,257
Años
Inventory of Livestock Programs
and Projects
Government Institutions:
◦ 1. MAGFOR,
◦ 2. MEFFCA,
◦ 3. INTA,
◦ 4. Banco Produzcamos,
◦ 5. MIFIC.
Organizations:
◦ 1. OIRSA, - 5. ALBALINISA,
◦ 2. CATIE, - 6. FUNICA,
◦ 3. SNV, - 7. CARUNA,
◦ 4. USAID, - 8. CIAT.
Sectoral Organizations
◦ 1. CONAGAN,
◦ 2. CANISLAC,
◦ 3. UNAG,
◦ 4. CANICARNE,
◦ 5. APEN.
Inventory of Livestock
Projects
Institutions Number of Projects Amount US$
Government 46 59,853,634.40
Organizations 26 31,652,901.00
Sectoral Organizations 13 55,390,000.00
Identified but not
included
7
Total 92 146,896,535.40
National Livestock Research Plan for
Livestock Reconversion
Being developed by:
◦ Interinstitutional Commision integrated by:
MAGFOR, MEFFCA, INTA and UNA.
General Objective:
◦ Contribute through scientific research results
towards increasing Nicaraguan livestock
productive and reproductive rates with a
vision of economic and environmental
sustainability and a focus on food and
nutritional security.
National Livestock Research Plan for
Livestock Reconversion
In main cattle farming areas, the Nicaraguanlivestock sector has serious problemscommercializing its main products: meat andmilk, which ultimately leads to low productiveand reproductive rates. These problems areexacerbated by the environmental, social,and financial dimensions of extensiveproduction systems that use low-qualityprimary commodities, alongside low levels oftransformation and association.
National Livestock Research Plan for
Livestock ReconversionProblem 1
In different areas of our country there are technical, economic, andcultural factors (commercialization, infrastructure, and low levels offarm productivity) that have a negative impact on livestockproduction.
Objective
Characterize technical, economic, and cultural issues(commercialization, infrastructure, and low levels of farmproductivity) by area, and its degree of impact in livestock productiondevelopment.
Line of research
Technical, economic and cultural characterization of livestockproduction systems by geographic sites.
National Livestock Research Plan for
Livestock ReconversionProblem 2
Technological options (genetics, feeding and pastures,management, sanitation) used widely in the country are not the mostappropriate for the different productive areas and the mainproduction systems, according to their agroecological andsociocultural characteristics.
Objective
Identify the most appropriate technological options for productionsystems according to their agroecological and socioculturalcharacteristics.
Line of research
Development of appropriate technological options for theagroecological and sociocultural characteristics of productionsystems.
National Livestock Research Plan for
Livestock ReconversionProblem 3
A large part of the products generated through national livestockproduction lack the appropriate transformation processes that allowsthem to obtain greater added value and improve quality andhygiene.
Objective
Design strategic focal points of livestock product transformation withhigh added value that follow national and international qualitystandards.
Line of research
Development of transformation strategies for livestock products withhigh added value that follow national and international qualitystandards.
National Livestock Research Plan for
Livestock ReconversionProblem 4
Limited presence of organizational structures in the main livestockfarming areas of the country has had a negative impact on theexpansion of collection infrastructure and negotiation of productpricing.
Objective
Study the existing link between organizational structures and itsimpact on market mechanisms for livestock products.
Line of research
Study of the link between organizational structures and its impact onmarket mechanisms for livestock products.
.
THANK YOU