Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai
Transcript of Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai
Performance Based Seismic Evaluation of Icon Hotel in Dubai
Farshad BerahmanBSc MSc PhD
Senior Structural Engineer
WS Atkins Middle EastDubai, UAE
Burj Al Arab Dubai
Atkins Tall Buildings
Icon Hotel, Dubai
Icon Hotel Dubai Promenade
Icon Hotel Location
Icon Hotel The Site
Plan
Lift cores
Sky Lift
34th level-Mechanical
Floor
8th level-Mechanical
FloorAtrium
160
m
96m
78m
165m
Icon Hotel Building Geometry
Elevation
10.8m
13.2 m
4.3m
Key Facts
203 Guest Hotel Room
172 Branded Service Apartments
42 storey wheel
Total built up area 110,000 sqm
Punched Concrete Walls
The areas with high shear stresses:
1. Thicken the wall - more weight and
more concrete
2. Reduce the number of openings - Not
favourable Architecturally
3. Use steel plates to reinforce the highly
stressed concrete walls - Not standard
practice
Icon Hotel Pre-Concept
Sketches Courtesy LERA
Peer Review – LERA’s Proposed Alternative
Permanent
Composite Trusses
Icon Hotel Pre-Concept
Icon Hotel Concept Design - Functional Framing & Form Finding
Images Courtesy Samsung
Icon Hotel Pre- Construction Advisor - SAMSUNG
X
Y
Icon Hotel Preliminary Design
Gravity Load Path
Axial Force Diagram
Icon Hotel Axial Forces Under Gravity Loads
Icon Hotel Construction Sequence
Images Courtesy Tekla
Icon Hotel Construction Sequence
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Deformation has shear configuration with maximum inclination near the base
Deformation has bending configuration and story drift increase with height
Icon Hotel Mega Frame LLRS
Icon Hotel
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
Steel Weight
Trusses, Arches and vertical
elements: 10250 ton
Floor Beams: 7000 ton
T1 = 4.3 Sec T2 = 3.3 Sec T3 = 3.0 Sec
Icon Hotel Modes of Vibration
• Geotechnical Study• Liquefaction Analysis• Soil Improvement• Seismic Hazard Study• Wind Tunnel Study• Pile Raft Settlement Analysis• Floor vibration analysis• Connections Detail Design• Long Term Effect (Column Shortening)• Performance Based Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Specialist Studies
Inter story drift less than H/1000
Images & Data Courtesy RWDI
Icon Hotel Wind Tunnel Studies
For more information please visit CTBUH website and search for CTBUH 2010 Mumbai Conference
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
Foundation Type
“Piled Raft”
Other areas are on pile groups or individual piles
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis-Predicted Settlement (DL+LL) by PIGLET
Maximum Settlement: 93mm
Maximum Settlement: 90mm
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
CONTOURS OF VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT
I con Hot elI con Hot elI con Hot elI con Hot el
S et t lem ent As ses s m entS et t lem ent As ses s m entS et t lem ent As ses s m entS et t lem ent As ses s m ent
E quiv alent Raf tE quiv alent Raf tE quiv alent Raf tE quiv alent Raf t
Cont our LegendCont our LegendCont our LegendCont our Legend
1. 000E - 021. 000E - 021. 000E - 021. 000E - 02
2. 200E - 022. 200E - 022. 200E - 022. 200E - 02
3. 400E - 023. 400E - 023. 400E - 023. 400E - 02
4. 600E - 024. 600E - 024. 600E - 024. 600E - 02
5. 800E - 025. 800E - 025. 800E - 025. 800E - 02
7. 000E - 027. 000E - 027. 000E - 027. 000E - 02
8. 200E - 028. 200E - 028. 200E - 028. 200E - 02
9. 400E - 029. 400E - 029. 400E - 029. 400E - 02
1. 060E - 011. 060E - 011. 060E - 011. 060E - 01
1. 180E - 011. 180E - 011. 180E - 011. 180E - 01
1. 300E - 011. 300E - 011. 300E - 011. 300E - 01
1. 420E - 011. 420E - 011. 420E - 011. 420E - 01
1. 540E - 011. 540E - 011. 540E - 011. 540E - 01
1. 660E - 011. 660E - 011. 660E - 011. 660E - 01
MaximumSettlement:112mm
Maximum Settlement: 107mm
Pile Raft Settlement Analysis-Predicted Settlement (DL+LL) by FEAR
Icon Hotel Design of Connections
Floor System
• Strength • Deflection • Vibration• Acoustic• 2hrs Fire
Density 400kg/m^2
Density 560 kg/m^2
10.8m
13.2 m
4.3m
10.8m
13.2 m
4.3m
Design of Floor for Vibration Traditional approach
F1>4 Hz
PDR Current Design
SB 1 217 kg/m 114 kg/m
SB 2 117 kg/m 100 kg/m
Icon Hotel Floor Vibration Analysis
Floor Vibration Analysis-In-house Program
R-Factor
Floor Vibration Analysis-MIDAS model
Walking Load
Vibration Mode Shapes-MIDAS model
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
PDR and Detail Design Cost Comparison
More than 21 million AED
SAVED
ICON HOTEL
MIDAS Model
Icon Hotel Column Shortening
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
Icon Hotel Differential Shortening Between Inner and Outer Walls
ICON HOTEL 29th January 2009
Icon Hotel
Icon Hotel Seismic hazard study
Seismic Hazard Study
Courtesy Fugro West Inc.
Magnitude Probability Density Function
Seismic Hazard Study
Courtesy Fugro West Inc.
Seismic Hazard Study
Courtesy Fugro West Inc.
set Earthquake Magnitude Distance (Km) Recording station Designation
1 1994 Northridge, USA 6.7 18.290053 Canoga Parl-
Topanga Can
CNP 106 CNP
196
2 1976 Gazli, USSR 6.8 22.3 9201 KarakyrGAZ000
GAZ090
3 1992 Landers, USA 7.3 42.512025 Palm Springs
Airport
PSA 000
PSA090
The estimated equal hazard horizontal response spectrum at rock boundary
Icon Hotel Performance Based Design – Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Performance Based Design – Seismic Evaluation
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Perform 3D
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Material Behaviour
Figure 18. Stress-Strain relationship for unconfined C70 concrete
Un confined C70 (70 Mpa) concrete
Steel S355(355 Mpa yield strength) built up section Reinforcement (460 Mpa yied strength)
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Damping
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Performance objectives
Design Stage Design Stage I-A Design Stage I-B Design Stage III
Earthquake Level E2 E2 E3
Performance objective LS/CD LS/CD CP/ED
Analysis Type3-D Linear Response
Spectrum Analysis
2-D Nonlinear Time
History Analysis
2-D Nonlinear Time
History Analysis
Earthquake load/Time
History
Seismic Zone 2A UBC 97-Soil
type Sc
Time history obtained
from Seismic Hazard
Study-475 years return
period
Time history obtained
from Seismic Hazard
Study-2475 years return
period
Ductility FactorUBC 97-R=4.5-Bearing Wall
SystemN/A N/A
Story Drift Ratio Limit
%2 for inelastic
deformation=0.7*R*elastic
deformation
2.5% (DM 2009) 3.5% (DM 2009)
Member Strength
Design
Member to be designed
according to UBC 97Design to be verified Design to be verified
Load Factors Factored load combinationsService load
combinations
Service load
combinations
Material strength Design Strength Expected strength Expected strength
Acceptance Criteria Strength & Story drift ratio Strain & Story drift ratio Strain & Story drift ratio
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Desired Behaviour
Bhaviour under gravity load
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Perform 3D
Compression strain about 0.0012
Concrete Coupling beams behave nonlinear
the envelope of inter-story drifts.
Envelope of the concrete compression strain at critical locations
All the members remained elastic except coupling beams – Building met the performance objectives.
Lander 1992-scaled earthquakeConcrete compression
strain 0.0016
Coupling beams
behave nonlinearly
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Perform 3D
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Perform 3D
The envelope inter-story drift ratios for MCE
Figure 28. The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Dissipated Energy
Figure 28. The envelope of shear force and the capacity of central shear wall.
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Usage Ratios
Scaled Lander 1992
increased 4x to see the
extreme behaviour
Icon Hotel Performance Based Seismic Design – Perform 3D
Conclusions and observation
• Large gravity transfer structures can be used efficiently to
mobilise frame action by coupling the core walls.
• Icon hotel Performance Based Design evaluation showed that
this building will behave in a desired manner for future
anticipated earthquake.
• Bearing wall system: Ductility ?? Overstrength √
• Minimum base shear from the code. Do we need to follow?
• Performance based design provides valuable information for
the seismic design of geometrically complex structures which
lie beyond the realms of established building codes.